英语构词法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Word Formation第1页1.Affixation 词缀法1.1 Prefixation 前缀法 在词前加在词前加前缀前缀组成新词方法。组成新词方法。第2页prefixesexamplesun-non-dis-in-im-il-ir-ab-1)否定前缀unwise,uncertain,unwilling;unpack,undonon-essential,non-standard;non-violencedishonest;discontent;discolor,dishearteninformal,inhuman;injustice,incompetenceimpolite,impatient;immature,immoralillegal,illiterate,illogical,illegibleirregular,irreplaceable;irresponsibilityabnormal,abnormality第3页prefixes meaningexamplesmis-错误mal-坏，不良pseudo-假2)贬义前缀贬义前缀mishear,mislead,misreport;misinterpretation,misrulemalformed,malnourished;malfunction,malnutritionpseudoscience,pseudo-friend,pseudo-democratic第4页prefixesmeaningexamplespro-支持拥护counter-反对anti-反对pro-democracy,pro-Chinesecounter-strike,counter-example,counter-revolutionanti-social,anti-national,anti-slavery,anti-government3)表态度前缀表态度前缀第5页prefix meanexamplesfore-之前pre-提前post-之后ex-前任re-再次foreword,forefather,foreknowledgeprewar,pre-prepared;pre-retirement,preschool4)表时间和次序前缀表时间和次序前缀postwar;postgraduate,post-electionex-president,ex-husbandreconsider,readmit,reallocate第6页prefixmeanexamplessemi-halfuni-,mono-onebi-twotri-threemulti-manysuper-hugeout-oversemi-feudal,semi-colonial;semi-annualuniform,unicorn,uni-directional;monotone,monorailbicycle;bilingual,bilateraltricycle,triangle;trilingualmulti-media;multi-national5)数字前缀数字前缀 supernatural;supermarket,superherooutlive,outweigh,outsmart第7页2.Suffixation 后缀法 Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.后缀法是在词上加后缀进行构词方法。第8页91)名词后缀名词后缀组成人主要后缀-erperson-eeperson-essfemale-antperson-ist personemployer,examiner,interviewer,payer employee,examinee,interviewee,payeeactress,waitress,hostess,airhostessapplicant,assistant,defendantcapitalist,artist,novelist,artist,pianist第9页10组成抽象名词主要后缀-domcondition-ismdoctrine of-shipjob/position-tionprocess/state-nessstate/quality-alprocess/state-mentresult of-ity-able,al,-ar-ageactionofficialdom,kingdom,freedomterrorism,sexism,racismfriendship,relationship,hardshiprealization,starvation,invention kindness,selfishness,weaknesssurvival,arrival,approvalmovement,resentmentequality,responsibility,possibilitymarriage,linkage,shortage第10页112)形容词后缀形容词后缀由名词组成形容词后缀-fulfull of-lesswithout;numerous-likelike-lyquality;frequency-icinvolving,-ousa particular quality-al relating to-y somewhat likefaithful,meaningfulanimal-like,dreamlikehopeless,pricelessfriendly,weeklysmoky,bloodyeconomic,poeticambitious,marvelousmusical,philosophical第11页12来自动词形容词后缀-able-ible-ive washable,drinkable,renewable,changeable,respectable,avoidable;permissible,visible,sensible;attractive,productive,negative,relative,creative,sensitive,aggressive;第12页133)动词后缀动词后缀-enmake or becomedeepen,strengthen,loosen,tighten,heighten,weaken,sharpen,widen-ifymakebeautify,classify,unify,intensify-ize-iserelated to symbolize,legalize,characterize,standardize,modernize第13页2.其它构词法其它构词法1.Blending(拼缀法拼缀法)2.Clipping(截短法截短法)3.Acronymy(首字母拼音法首字母拼音法)4.Back-formation(逆生法逆生法)第14页2.1 Blending 拼缀法Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.拼拼缀缀法法是是将将两两个个词词某某一一部部分分合合并并，或或者者将将一一个个词词加加上上另另外外一一个个词词一一个个部部分分而而组组成成新新词词方方法。法。第15页Point out how the following words are made.smogsmoke+fog (烟雾)bookmobilebook+automobile(流动汽车图书馆)sci-fiscience+fiction(科幻小说)skylabsky+laboratory(太空试验室)第16页拼缀法分类1)head+tailthe first part of word 1+the last part of word 2breakfast+lunch brunch(早午餐)motor+hotelmotel(汽车旅馆)channel+tunnel chunnel(海峡隧道)第17页2)head+headthe first part of word 1+the first part of word 2situation+comedy sitcom(情景喜剧)communications+satellitecomsat(通讯卫星)psychological+warfarepsywar(心理战)第18页2.2 Clipping 截短法Clipping is the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.截短法是截取原词某一部分构词法。截短法是截取原词某一部分构词法。第19页Front clipping 截除首部 quake (earthquake)copter(helicopter)bus(omnibus)phone(telephone)第20页Back clipping 截除尾部 ad(advertisement)prof(professor)dorm(dormitory)lab(laboratory)telly(television)第21页Front and back clipping 截除首尾flu(influenza)tec(detective)fridge(refrigerator)jams(pajamas)第22页2.3 Initialisms 首字母缩略词首字母缩略词由首字母组成首字母缩略词由首字母组成,按字母发音按字母发音。EU European UnionGPS Global Positional SystemIOC International Olympic CommitteeID cardidentity cardCIA Central Intelligence AgencyIELTS International English Language Testing System第23页TaskIQ EQ MBA MPA WHO WTOWB Intelligent QuotientEmotional QuotientMaster of Business AdministrationMaster of Public AdministrationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Trade OrganizationWorld Bank第24页2.4 Acronymy 首字母拼音法由首字母组成,但作为一个普通词来发音。NATOthe North Atlantic Treaty Organization radarradio detecting and ranging AIDS-acquired immune deficiency syndrome SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome第25页TaskPINVAT CALL TOEFLUNESCO-personal identification numbervalue added taxComputer Assisted Language LearningTest of English as a Foreign LanguageUnited Nation Educational,Scientific&Cultural Organization第26页2.5 back-formation 逆生法Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.去去掉掉所所谓谓后后缀缀而而产产生生新新词词方方法法。许许多多被被去去掉掉后缀不是真正后缀，而是单词不可分割部分。后缀不是真正后缀，而是单词不可分割部分。第27页television televise vi.editor edit vi.sculptor sculpt vi.peddler peddle vi.babysitterbabysit vi.spring-cleaning spring-clean vi.free association free-associate vi.mass production mass produce vi.enthusiasm enthuse vi.calmative calm vi./adj.第28页第29页