英语演讲Selectingatopicandapurpose省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Chapter4 Selecting a topic and a purpose刘煜韬李新阳罗珊琪第1页As you read through the book,you will find examples of hundreds of speeches that were delivered in classrooms,in the political arena,in community and business situations.第2页1 Choosing a topicTopics you know a lot aboutTopics you know a lot aboutTopics you want to know more aboutTopics you want to know more aboutBrainstorming for topicsBrainstorming for topicsPersonal inventoryClusteringInternet search第3页Topics you know a lot Topics you know a lot aboutaboutThe first step in speechmaking is choosing a topic.The head of a travel agency is asked to talk about sight-seeing tours;the middle-school principal speaks about curriculum and textbooks;the real estate agent discusses housing costs and availability.In public speaking class,the situation is different.Most of your speech assignments will not come with a designated topic.You need to select the topic yourself.There are two broad categories of potential topics:1)subjects you knows a lot about.2)subjects you want to know more about.Lets start with the first.第4页Topics you want to know more Topics you want to know more aboutaboutWhy should you choose the topic you know a lot about?Most people speak best about subjects with which they are familiar with.When thinking about a topic,draw on your own knowledge and experience.Then you can speak fluently for a long time without a pause.On the other hand,you may decide to make your speech a learning experience for yourself as well as for you audience.You may choose a subject about which you already have some knowledge or expertise but not enough to prepare a speech without doing additional research.You may even select a topic that you want to explore for the first time.第5页But what if you still have trouble of making a topic for your public speeches?Dont worry,here are some brainstorming procedures you can follow to get started.第6页Brainstorming for Brainstorming for topicstopicsPersonal inventoryClusteringInternet search第7页Personal inventoryFirst,make a quick inventory of your experiences,interests,hobbies,skills,beliefs,and so forth.Jot down anything that comes to mind and make a list.From the list you can fashion a topic.If the personal inventory doesnt work,try a technique called clustering.List in each column the first four or five items like this.第8页ClusteringVery likely,a number of items on your lists will strike you as potential topics.Try to free-associate.Write down a word or idea.What does that trigger in your mind?Whatever it is,write that down next and keep going until you have several ideas.For example,working from the lists above,on speaker composed sublists for movies,three-gorges and Yang Liwei.In the first column,movies made her think of the academy awards,the academy awards remind her of prizes,then lotteries.Lotteries is a form of gambling.Suddenly,this speaker remembered an article she had read on the problem of gambling addiction.The idea clicked in her mind.Then she developed an excellent speech titled“Gambling Addiction”.第9页Internet searchYou can search information on the internet,too.Baidu,Yahoo or 谷歌.Whatever the means you use for selecting a topic,START EARLY.Then you will have enough time to prepare.第10页2 Determining the general purpose 第11页P People eople will fall into one of two will fall into one of two overlapping categories to inform or to overlapping categories to inform or to persuade.persuade.When your general purpose is to inform,When your general purpose is to inform,you act as teacher or lecture,your aim is you act as teacher or lecture,your aim is to enhance the knowledge and to enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listener.understanding of your listener.When your general purpose is t persuade,When your general purpose is t persuade,you act like an advocate or a partisan,you you act like an advocate or a partisan,you want to change or structure the attitudes want to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience.or actions of your audience.第12页Once you have chosen a topic and a general to determine the specific purpose of your speech.The specific purpose should focus on one aspect of a topic.You should be able to state your specific purpose in a single infinitive.3 Determining the specific purpose第13页Tips for the specific purpose statementTips for the specific purpose statementWrite the purpose statement as a full infinitive phraseExpress your purpose as a statement,not a questionAvoid figurative language in your purpose statementMake sure your specific purpose is not too vague or generalChoose a specific purpose that is appropriate for your audienceChoose a specific purpose you can achieve in the allotted time第14页4 Phrasing the central idea第15页Central idea:A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.The central idea is usually expressed as a simple,declarative sentence that refines and sharpens the specific purpose statement.第16页Another way to think of your central idea is as your residual message.Most of the time the central idea will encapsulate the main points to be developed in the body of the speech.For example:Topic:Qipao.General Purpose:To inform.Specific Purpose:To inform my audience of the history,styles,and cultural impact of qipao.Central Idea:Qipao was created in the 1920s,comes a number of styles,and has exerted significant cultural impact on Chinese women.第17页4 Phrasing the central ideaTips for the central ideaTips for the central ideaMake sure the central idea is not too generalExpress the central idea as a full sentenceState the central idea as a declarative sentence,not as a questionAvoid figurative language in the central idea第18页Summary第19页Thank you!第20页