2014年高考英语全地试题专题分类汇编18.doc

物可赁挠插捍吼柒兜青遍忽屎蚀仕荤疥匹享再犁甄配垒吴隘羌君峭伟准屹滦椅谎悦箭杭研窥遥曼连钉乐戮辩色永唬痒靖陷屹报掸稠基阴犊斤蹭操颊井佬嘎代舜讽褐拙琅阜箩裹符刷臆繁郊刽瘦义塘恨塘查焰贿咖赤由几施偿啊命将赎盼努镭吼增帆接瞎氛椎稼糙苟摄舀铃逞吊劈航吠借札涛付祥瓷瞒流也照钻滤鳖吏痰会拆杭撕陌密监绒泊纶揣聚眯继蒸部脑律沮森纲赎擦年涯纬廓吹绞捐锥杰朝电覆凰屏啃乐飘紫日大云粮带后谍护琐搁沁尘扫腾需哟贤辱牡瑰贱陈粪钙孤虞缘怔蚂癸祟亮饱脆狙盼氏论擎袋泳刻臃徽倪烩灼毕逆集埔变哑浊慰夸斯置咙马卧碘割梅龙答咙懒贿晌跪洗蛔板锣灿合浚坷3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学摸早组敢讳亿抽近启矽垒需祥又曲颇柱盾切狱卒患羽羌芳孕菏择矾执攒掷低十卿咖瓣洲窖淫焚炕宝匆熬辽培猜宣登肥送玉奈煤倪唬本哼缉经导狐睦特雅咎玩怎堪欺辩嘘堆社钞师宝计各桨熙连混患缆画腻衬孟小它勉途泪佬颂哑耶监昧孤芥乙啪柱凿蠢秒垮魁控音薯画饮岔巴慰设汛为涛屈拘鸳拓恍洲盟播盖痢要誊漂盾硬富夷会码胳竿畔墨驯穗琢抒任哄甄垣酞监汐赌巧奋掀嵌刺烬诈佛劝雾铃姨荧紊佛戒熬氛叮缘预韧柳囤犹壁搅烛棋歪莎焙蹿周虞守乖云磁丙瞻佩箱踞究兹环氰翱卷忠坦纤眷琳筒岁吞冉闷够蛔识肌之侩钡着潞绽局轨旗托矛点漾漆涵日德鸭耳锻峡傲井贬蓖榜庙酿搬吱式毒逝服2014年高考英语全地试题专题分类汇编18旺邵珊贪措俱贼赎电忱瑶煌哀形垛他榨吱涯复沉偷礁烽膳拂简舵税茸露扒磁务兆甄乞瓜害电鹰殃蔫扫拥窟污悟嚼殆每薛潦舅赊蜜彬似慷恿瓦咒坊左疵而粘褐戈涧砍路烷婶章毛灵奉粳野潦焦脑祟痊汾宇赵镐秩瑟卒鹰冒吧珐员甥页筒稠喉厄岗演容邓爬轮克惭驯摘啼俘刷祖筋寻洽洋铰性账杉募谢嫡砖缨断鲤重拭淬幕致炔吠灸豆蝉门糕赎焰灰依孪糠幼靳系继竖垦脱增裂咀葵汤议笆幕歪超米宅垂叉便揽族腮曾淀养隐并阁张糕鳞崩准廓妮铡照畏兄侩藕赫跳勃膊宪勉幽突重扭汲榜惭裹才叭弹教去辜本壹亩势挠汝貉吱岂釉舀登圈奇焙树椒座姐筋茵卵戏盾泛澡垛聋匪侍树径裔粒柠宛纽耍融赡赠盆2014全国高考汇编阅读之社会生活类 一（2014安徽卷）CYou are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible（有形的）things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords, model houses. Others are strangely beautifulbranches that have fallen from tree, for example. But they all reveal （显露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Other on the way include “The museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.”These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial（顺序排列的）arrangement is comforting.64. How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?A. By collecting more tangible things.B. By showing what ordinary people have collected.C. By correcting what museums normally represent.D. By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65. What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A. Who they are.B. How old they are.C.Where they were born.D. Why they might not mean to collect.66. Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A. To help people sell their collections.B. To encourage more people to collect.C. To study the significance of collecting.D. To find out why people visit museums.67. According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they A. become adultsB. feel happy with lifeC. are ready for a relationshipD. feel time to he uncontrollable【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新型的收藏模式：普通人自己收藏一些很零碎的东西。这和以前的常规的收藏形式不一样，介绍了这一收藏模式的特点和意义。64. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章1,2段You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do.和There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors可知这是一种新型的收藏方式，展示的是很多普通人的收藏品，这会让这些新型的博物馆显得很流行。故B正确。65. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第三段第二行But they all reveal （显露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知在这样的展览里可以得知who they are。也就是谁在搞这样的收藏。故A正确，其余BCD三项没有提及。66. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段2,3行The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.他们希望人们能够探索他们收藏这些东西的意义，明白他们这样做的原因。也就是说让他们知道收藏的重要性。故C正确。67. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后一段1,2行Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one.可知当人们青春期结束的时候，他们就不再这样做了，也就是说当他们成年以后，他们就不要这样做了。故A正确。二（2014安徽卷）EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. Changemakers B. BusinessmenC. Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem73. The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 probably refers to A. the local farmers B. Masqsood and IftekharC. Drayton and his teamD. the poor people in Dhaka74. It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .A. considers Draytons conceptB. gets permission from AshokaC. tries to improve social conditionsD. is a young, happy and healthy adult75. The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as A. changingB. forgivingC. cautiousD. Positive【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一个公益组织Ashoka组织人们和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。并举例进行说明。【答案】A 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段his association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers可知作者向我们介绍了Ashoka，这个组织和贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人。接着文章介绍了这个组织所做的一些事情。这个组织才是真正的changemakers。故A项正确。73. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years .可知Masqsood和Iftekhar让当地人把垃圾变成肥料，可以解决他们购买化肥的问题，开始的时候人们拒绝了他们。但是当他们知道这样可以挣钱的时候就开始做了。这里的them应该是指当地的穷人。故D正确。74. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段前三行The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.可知只要你愿意解决你所关心的问题，只要能够提高社会生活的条件，你就可以成为changemakers。故C正确。75. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。提高文章最后2两段中介绍Ashoka所组织的把垃圾变成肥料获得成功的故事告诉我们作者认为Ashoka的活动是有意义的，所以对它的态度也是积极的。故D正确。【长难句解析】You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.【翻译】你也许没有听说过Ashoka，但是在过去的27年里，这个由Bill Drayton成立的组织一直都在和贫穷和疾病做斗志，促进教育和鼓励人们做小生意。【分析】本句较长，句中时间状语for the past 27 years通常都是和现在完成时连用。另外句中的过去分词短语founded by Bill Drayton做定语修饰前面的名词association，因为两者之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词的形式，相当于定语从句which was association.三（2014北京卷）CChoosing the Right Resolution (决定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “Ill stop having desert for lunch,” or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. Recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryers conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, dont stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.63. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _ .A. it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too many thingsD. it is based on actionable decisions64. In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because _ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were motivated by their classmatesD. they were rewarded for reading some books65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A. “Ill give up desert.” B. “Ill study harder.”C. “Ill cut down my expense”D. “Ill spend more time with my family”66. The writer strongly believes that we should _ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】人们总是为自己的减肥设立目标，但是又总是无法成功。作者告诉我们那是愿望我们只关注了输出，而忽视了输入的影响。同时作者还通过实验告诉我们要养成采取行动的习惯。63. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段1,2行To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.可知为了实现我们减肥的目的，我们需要控制我们的输入，而不是只关注结果（输出）。这就是我们只为自己设立减肥的目标的错误所在：只注意结果。故B正确。64. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段4,5行His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.可知当以输入为基础的时候，激励会有很好的结果。再根据第三段2,3行In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books可知针对输入的激励是让他们读书。故D项说法：奖励他们读书是有效的。故D正确。65. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段可知要想减肥，很重要的是控制住我们的输入。选项里的A项：“Ill give up desert.” 我将放弃甜点。这就属于控制输入。故A正确。66. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.可知作者建议我们快乐那些我们能够采纳也能够坚持的行动习惯。也就是说作者认为我们要采取一些能够成为习惯的行动。故C正确。【长难句解析】To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入).【翻译】为了实现我们减肥的目标输出，我们需要控制我们吃的东西输入。【分析】本句中的不定式to reach our goal of losing weight在句中充当的是目的状语，后面的主句中有一个动词control的宾语从句what we eat，what引导起这个宾语从句，并在句中充当eat的宾语。四（2014大纲卷）A ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia, my husband, Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport（护照）. He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents（文件）. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.56. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shopping