2015届高考英语第一轮必修知识点复习题17.doc

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课时作业(十八)　必修4　Unit 3　A taste of English humour
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·辽宁六校联考)—I’d like to be on my own for a while.Do you mind?
—________.Go ahead.
A．Not in the least　　　 B．No way
C．Yes，of course　 D．I’m afraid so
2．(2014·河南郑州高中毕业年级质量预测)Helen has been looking for a job over the whole year，feeling she can’t get________without work experience.
A．one　 B．it
C．that　 D．this
3．(2014·安徽蚌埠第一次教学质量检查)Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A．knowledge 　 B．ability
C．competition　 D．challenge
4．(2013·山东卷)There is no simple answer，________is often the case in science.
A．as 　 B．that
C．when 　 D．where
5．(2014·北京市东城区第一学期期末)The man answered the phone in a loud voice at the meeting，________made Andy annoyed.
A．that　 B．what
C．who　 D．which
6．(2014·河北高三教学质量监测)While working outdoors，Linda was________by the heat and fell to the ground，unconscious.
A．astonished　 B．depressed
C．overcome　 D．hit
7．(2014·山东省蒙沂六校联考)Provide your doctor with a detailed medical history________he can give you accurate treatment.
A．even if 　 B．in case
C．so that 　 D．as though
8．(2011·浙江卷)I’ve been writing this report________for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally　 B．immediately
C．occasionally　 D．certainly
9．(2014·四川省南充市第一次适应性考试)With proper measures，the economy in China is beginning to ________again.
A．break up　 B．pick up
C．put up　 D．take up
10．(2014·宝鸡三检)By the time the girl comes back to life，scientists probably________a cure for this incurable disease.
A．will have discovered　 B．are discovering
C．will be discovering　 D．have discovered
11．Mary felt________from the outside world，since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn’t receive any e­mail.
A．cut down　 B．cut in
C．cut off　 D．cut out
12．(2013·江苏三校4月阶段考试)The plan put forward at the meeting is________perfect；there’s still much room to improve.
A．close to　 B．next to
C．far from　 D．out of
13．(2013·山师大附中高考模拟)Jack________the test for further study in the USA.Let’s have a party to congratulate him.
A．passes　 B．has passed
C．has been passing　 D．had passed
14．(2014·山东省实验中学一模)You________get an all­expense­paid vacation to Australia if you can answer all the questions.
A．must　 B．can
C．shall　 D．may
15．(2014·北京东城区高三教学统一检测)In his speech，he said that it was his primary school teachers that he was fond of________influenced his whole life.
A．what　 B．which
C．as　 D．who
Ⅱ.完形填空　　[建议用时15′]
(2014·福建师大附中模拟)
On a trip to California，my family stopped for lunch.As we walked toward the entrance to the restaurant，a man，with a__1__beard and dirty hair，jumped up from a bench outside the restaurant and opened the door for us.Regardless of his__2__，he greeted us in a friendly way.
Once inside，my daughters whispered，“Mom，he __3__.”After we ordered our lunch，I explained，telling the kids to look__4__the dirt.We then watched other customers approach the restaurant but many__5__him.Seeing this rudeness truly upset me.The day I became a mother，I had determined to set a good__6__to my children.Yet sometimes when things didn’t go right，being a good example was __7__.When our meal arrived，I realized I had left the car­sick pills in the truck.With the windiest trip ahead，the kids needed them，so I__8__myself from the meal and went to get them.
Just then，the “doorman” was opening the door for a couple.They rushed past him without even acknowledging his__9__.Letting them in first，I said a loud “thank you” to him as I__10__.
When I returned，we talked a bit.He said he was not allowed inside__11__he purchased food.I went back and told my family his__12__.Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sandwich.The kids looked__13__as we had already eaten，but when I said the order was for the “doorman”，they smiled.When it was time to__14__ our trip，I found the “doorman” enjoying his meal.Upon seeing me，he stood up and thanked me heartily.He then__15__ out his hand for a handshake and I gratefully accepted.I suddenly__16__the tears in his eyes—tears of gratitude (感激)．What happened next drew great astonishment：I gave the “doorman” a__17__.He pulled away，with tears__18__down his face.
Back in truck，I fell into deep thought.While we can’t choose many things in life，we can choose when to show gratitude.I said thanks to a man who had__19__held open a door for me，and also said thanks for that __20__ to teach my children by example.
1.A.clean　 B．messy
C．pretty 　 D．bright
2. A．service 　 B．appearance
C．state 　 D．attitude
3．A.smokes 　 B．smiles
C．sighs 　 D．smells
4．A.beyond 　 B．over
C．around 　 D．into
5．A.hated 　 B．ignored
C．missed 　 D．refused
6．A.target 　 B．rule
C．record 　 D．example
7．A.stressful 　 B．accessible
C．awkward 　 D．tough
8．A.excused 　 B．refreshed
C．prevented 　 D．forgave
9．A.company 　 B．presence
C．challenge 　 D．attack
10．A.quitted 　 B．marched
C．exited 　 D．approached
11．A.before 　 B．unless
C．though 　 D．since
12．A.story 　 B．deed
C．desire 　 D．demand
13．A.concerned 　 B．excited
C．puzzled 　 D．bored
14．A.make 　 B．start
C．take 　 D．continue
15．A.reached 　 B．washed
C．raised 　 D．waved
16．A.watched 　 B．inspected
C．witnessed 　 D．noticed
17．A.hug 　 B．nod
C．lift　 D．strike
18．A.slipping 　　 B．rolling
C．rushing 　 D．breaking
19．A.firmly 　 B．constantly
C．simply 　　 D．politely
20．A.journey 　 B．wisdom
C．opportunity　 D．community
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2014·山东省实验中学一模)
Depression (抑郁症) is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread，costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any six­month period，between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.Suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme，or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large，and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.
C．Depression is a commonly­existing problem only in rich countries.
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.
2．Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be________.
A．very unconfident and often absent­minded
B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productively
D．either weak or lazy
3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.
A．the understanding of the problem
B．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss
D．the doctors’ careless work
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed.
C．More and more patients will turn to specialists for help.
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people.
5．What does the underlined words in the 5th paragraph mean?
A．Hired.　　　　　　　 B．Dismissed.
C．Promoted.　 D．Recommended.

课时作业(十八)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析：　考查交际用语。根据答语中的“Go ahead.”可知答话人一点也不介意，因此选A项。not in the least意为“一点也不，丝毫不”，相当于not at all。
答案：　A
2．解析：　考查代词。句意为：海伦整年都在找工作，她感到没有工作经验不可能找到一份工作。one指代前面提到过的同类事物中的一个，但不是前面提到的那一个事物。本题用one指代a job。
答案：　A
3．解析：　句意为：当今世界找信息很容易，但困难的事是你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识；B.能力；C.竞赛。challenge挑战，艰巨任务。又如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜欢艰巨的工作。
答案：　D
4．解析：　句意为：科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号，故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，排除C、D两项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
答案：　A
5．解析：　考查定语从句。由该空前的逗号可知，此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，代指前面整句话。
答案：　D
6．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：琳达在户外工作时热晕了，倒在地上，不省人事。astonish使吃惊；depress使沮丧；overcome受到……的极大影响；hit打。根据句意可知应选C。
答案：　C
7．解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：提供给你的医生一份详尽的病历，以便他可以给你准确的治疗。此处so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，符合句意。
答案：　C
8．解析：　考查副词辨析。finally最后，终于；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔；certainly当然。句意为：在过去的两周里，我________在写这份报告，但是明天就必须要上交了。根据句意和逻辑，此处应表示没完成之意。所以空格处用occasionally。
答案：　C
9．解析：　考查动词短语辨析。此处表示“中国的经济又开始好转了”，故选B。break up解散，破裂；pick up提高，好转；put up张贴，建造；take up占据，开始从事。
答案：　B
10．解析：　考查动词的时态。句意为：到这个女孩苏醒过来时，科学家们可能已经找到了治疗这种不治之症的方法。根据句意可知，此处应用将来完成时，故选A。
答案：　A
11．解析：　句意为：玛丽由于不能上网，不能查收她的电子邮件，她觉得与世隔绝了。cut off切断，阻断，使分离，使隔绝，符合题意。 cut down削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)；砍倒。cut in插嘴，打断；超车抢挡。cut out切去，删去，戒除，停止服用。
答案：　C
12．解析：　考查短语辨析。第二个分句表示“还有很大的改进空间”，由此可知应该选择C项，far from远非。close to可能，接近；next to仅次于，紧邻，几乎；out of从……出来，出于。
答案：　C
13．解析：　考查时态。根据题干中第二句的内容可知David已经通过了去美国深造的测试，此处强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，所以用现在完成时。
答案：　B
14．解析：　考查情态动词。句意为：如果你能够回答所有问题，你就会得到一个去澳大利亚免费旅游的机会。shall用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、威胁、允诺、命令等，本句中表示允诺意味。故答案选C。must必须，一定；can能；may可能，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　C
15．解析：　考查强调句。句意为：在演讲中，他说是他喜欢的小学老师影响了他的一生。分析句子结构可知，句中采用的是强调句式，其中被强调的部分是“his primary school teachers that he was fond of”，指人，故选who。
答案：　D
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了作者在和家人驱车旅游途中遇到了一位“看门人”，作者为“看门人”买了一份午餐的故事。这个故事告诉我们要学会向他人表达我们的感谢并关爱他人。
1．解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为：当我们走到一家餐馆的门口时，一个胡子杂乱，头发脏兮兮的男人从餐馆外的一个凳子上跳了下来，为我们开了门。与“and dirty hair”相呼应，此处应填messy，意为“乱糟糟的”，故选B。
答案：　B
2．解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：尽管外表邋遢，但他跟我们友好地打招呼。该句与上文描述的邋遢形象相呼应，故选项B符合文意。service服务；state状态；attitude态度，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　B
3．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：一走进饭馆里，我的女儿们就小声说：“妈妈，那个人臭烘烘的。”根据上文描述的那个人的邋遏可推测，那个人身上气味难闻，故D符合语境。
答案：　D
4．解析：　考查介词辨析。句意为：在我们点过午餐后，我解释说不要只看到别人身上的污垢。由下文作者为这个男人点午餐又和他握手，可知，作者并不嫌弃他脏，这里作者是告诉孩子看人不要只看到一个人外表的脏。故答案A符合文意。look over检查；look around环顾；look into调查，朝里面看，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　A
5．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：接着我们看到其他人来到这个餐馆，但是许多人都对这个“看门人”视而不见(ignore)。根据下文“Seeing this rudeness truly upset me.”可推知，许多人对他视而不见，这是不礼貌的。故B项符合文意。hate憎恨；miss想念，错过；refuse拒绝，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　B
6．解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：从我第一天成为母亲开始，我就下决心给孩子们树立好榜样。根据下文中的“being a good example”可知，答案D符合文意。
答案：　D
7．解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为：然而有时当事情不对劲时，做个好榜样不是那么容易的事(tough)。根据本句中yet可知，想为孩子们身体力行并不那么容易，和那个脏兮兮的人接触不是每个人都能做到的，故D项符合文意。stressful有压力的；accessible可得到的；awkward尴尬的，均不符合语境。
答案：　D
8．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：由于前面的旅途风会很大，孩子们需要晕车药，因此我以此为借口(excuse)离开饭桌去给他们取药。根据上文作者要为孩子做榜样，所以此处作者正好需要为孩子拿晕车药，故以此为借口，故答案A符合文意。refresh振奋；prevent阻止；forgive原谅，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　A
9．解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：他们从他的身边匆匆走过，甚至不愿意承认他的存在。company公司，陪伴；presence存在；challenge挑战；attack攻击。根据句意和上文语境可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
10．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：在我出去(exit)的时候，我让他们先进来，并故意对他大声说“谢谢你”。根据第四段第一句“When I returned，we talked a bit.”可知，作者之前出去了，故答案C符合文意。quit停止，辞职；march游行，前进；approach到达，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　C
11．解析：　考查连词辨析。句意为：他说除非(unless)他买东西，否则他是不允许到餐馆里去的。根据空格前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系可知，答案B符合文意。before在……之前；though尽管；since自从，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　B
12．解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：我回到餐桌上，给家人讲这个“看门人”的故事(story)。deed行为；desire渴望，demand要求，均不符合语境，故排除。story符合语境，故选A项。
答案：　A
13．解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为：因为我们已经吃过饭了，所以当我又点餐时，孩子们都很困惑(puzzled)。故答案C符合文意。根据本句后半部分“...as we had already eaten...”可知，作者的行为使孩子们感到很疑惑，故答案C符合文意。concerned关切的；excited兴奋的：bored无聊的，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　C
14．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：当我们要继续(continue)旅行时。我发现那个“看门人”正在享用他的午餐。根据文章第一句和第二段最后一句中的“With the windiest trip ahead...”可知，作者一家人在旅行中途停下来吃饭，吃完饭还要继续旅行，故答案D符合文意。
答案：　D
15．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：接着他伸出手要和我握手，我感激地接受了。根据“for a handshake”可知，reach out one’s hand伸出手，符合语境，故答案A正确。
答案：　A
16．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：我突然注意到(notice)他流下了感激的眼泪。notice注意到，留意到，符合语境。watch凝视；inspect视察；witness见证，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　D
17．解析：　考查名词辨析。句意为：接下来发生的事情让大家很吃惊：我给了那个“看门人”一个拥抱(hug)。该句与下句“He pulled away...”相呼应，并和上文提到作者和这个邋遢的“看门人”握手相呼应，故答案A符合文意。nod点头；lift举起，搭便车；strike打，敲，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　A
18．解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：他推开了我，眼泪顺着脸颊流(roll)了下来。slip滑倒；rush冲；break打破。泪水滚下脸颊，应用roll，故答案B符合文章。
答案：　B
19．解析：　考查副词辨析。 句意为：我向一个仅仅(simply)为我们开门的人表示感谢，感谢他给了我一个机会(opportunity)给孩子们做榜样，去教育孩子。为别人开门只是一件小事，故答案C符合文意。firmly坚定地；constantly经常地；politely礼貌地，均不符合文意，故排除。
答案：　C
20．解析：　考查名词辨析。journey(长途)旅行；wisdom智慧；community社区，均不符合语境，故排除。
答案：　C
Ⅲ.阅读理解
语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类说明文。抑郁症已经成为威胁人们正常生活和工作的一个重要的疾病形式，人们应正确地面对抑郁症。
1．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
2．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“...brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for...”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案：　A
3．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句和第三句“Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.”可知，抑郁症在中国更严重一方面是因为人们不能正视这个事实，另一方面是由于缺少专家和较好的治疗。
答案：　B
4．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.”可推知，将会有越来越多的人向专家求助，故答案C正确。
答案：　C
5．解析：　词义猜测题。根据对文章第三段的整体理解可以推知，员工一旦把自己抑郁的情况告诉老板，老板有可能会由于抑郁能使人没有自信或不能够集中工作而辞退员工。故stricken off the rolls与dismissed的意思最为接近。
答案：　B

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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