2014年高考英语全地试题专题分类汇编21.doc

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2014全国高考汇编阅读之新闻报告类类
一（2014大纲卷）
B
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment（环境）. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions（排放）from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .
Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling（回收利用）programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .
Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson.
60. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___
A. the social movement B. recycling techniques
C. environmental problems D. the importance of Earth Day
61. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A. The grass –roots level B. The business circle
C. Government officials D. University professors
62.. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest
B. They have settled their environmental problems
C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
63. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A. Education B. Planning
C. Green living D. CO reduction
【考点】考察新闻报道类阅读
【文章大意】作者在本文中把现在的美国环境问题和以前的环境问题进行了比较，尤其是几项数据的对比。说明人们现在的环境保护意识有了很大的提高。其中很重要的一项就是环境教育所起的作用。
1. 【答案】C
【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段第2句“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.可知在1970年世界地球日开始的时候，人们甚至都不知道有“环境这个词”，更不要说知道存在着环境问题了。故C正确。
2. 【答案】A
【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段2,3行Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.中的especially millions of grass-roots Americans尤其是千百万的一般民众。可知环境保护的主要支持来自普通民众。故A正确。
3. 【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段4,5行According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .可知通过人们的共同努力，现在的污染排放的数字已经大大地减少了。故D正确。A项中的to the lowest是错误的。B项说已经解决了污染问题，这一说法是错误的。文章中只是说The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .CO排放超标的城市从40降低到9.而不是C项含义。
4. 【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段1,2行Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .可知现在几乎每个学校都有环境保护方面的教育的内容。说明教育在环境保护方面有很重要的作用。故A正确。
【长难句解析】
1.“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,”
【翻译】在那时人们甚至都不知道有“环境这个词”，更不要说知道存在着环境问题了。
【分析】本句中的动词know后面的there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,”是宾语从句，其中的let alone更不必说…；
2. The number of cities producing CO2 beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .
【翻译】产生超过CO2排放标准的城市的数量从40减少到了9个。
【分析】本句中的现在分词短语producing CO2 beyond the standard在句中做定语修饰名词cities。因为两者之间存在主动关系，所以使用现在分词做定语，相当于which produce….；另外本句中的the number of“…的数量”，在句中做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。

二（2014福建卷）
E
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take "direct action", even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (财政补贴) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民) .
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.
Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an "acceptable" report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion（猜疑）that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
72. We can learn from the first paragraph that__________.
A. energy policy catches much attention of the public
B. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms
C. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
73. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power____.
A. is more rapid than that of carbon-based power
B. guarantees an increase in energy output
C. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation
74. It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A. an official report will settle the energy problem
B. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
75. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?
A. Increase political impact on energy policy.
B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
【考点】考察新闻报道类阅读
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，在英国的鲍尔科姆，人们对于风电项目的发展有了支持和反对两者不同意见。作者在文章里阐述了双方的观点，并提出了自己的意见：把这个问题报道出来，让全国人们对此进行讨论并做出决定。
72. 【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一句As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.可知没有别的问题比energy policy更引起人们的担心了，也就是说energy policy引起了人们最大的担心。故A正确。
73. 【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段最后2行Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.可知支持者认为风电的扩张是符合欧盟无碳排放的标准的。故D正确。
74. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段Those who disagree with the rapid expansion ….和 Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables…可知对于风电的扩张方面，两方面的观点是有分歧的。故B正确。
75. 【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.可知作者提出把这个问题报道出来，让全国人们对此进行讨论并做出决定。故C正确。
【长难句解析】
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.
【翻译】最近几天在鲍尔科姆，没有别的问题比energy policy更引起人们的担心了
【分析】本句中的few issues cause greater concern than energy policy使用了否定词few加比较级greater连用表示最高级的用法。

三（2014湖北卷）

B
London’s newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.
Before building work began, a lot of people didn’t want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don’t like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
55. London’s newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ______.
A. its cost
B. its size
C. its shape
D. its height
56. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to ______.
A. change London’s skyline
B. inherit London’s tradition
C. imitate the Egyptian style
D. attract potential visitors
57. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ______.
A. is only preferred by the rich
B. is intended for wealthy people
C. is far away from the poor area
D. is popular only with Londoners
58. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps
B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect
C. The Shard: New Symbol of London?
D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?
【考点】考察新闻报道类阅读
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了伦敦最新的摩天大楼the Shard，以及它的形状和设计理念。同时还讲述了人们对于这栋大楼的不同的看法。很多人都反对这栋大楼，说它并没有向一个好的方向改变。
55. 【答案】C
【试题解析】细节题。根据第二段3,4,5行He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard.可知摩天大楼the Shard得到自己的名字是因为它的形状。故C 正确。
56. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段后三行Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.可知他把这座摩天大楼设计成这个形状是为了让它成为伦敦的传统的一部分，也就是说让它继承伦敦的传统。故B正确。
57. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段2,3,4行They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.可知一些批评家认为这座大楼只是为那些富有的人而设计的。居住在这栋大楼附近的人都没有能力享受它。它是社会不公平的代表。故B正确。
58. 【答案】D
【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了伦敦最新的摩天大楼the Shard，以及它的形状和设计理念。同时还讲述了人们对于这栋大楼的不同的看法。根据第一段最后一句However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.很多人都反对这栋大楼，说它并没有向一个好的方向改变。故D项符合文章的主题。
【长难句解析】
1.When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶).
【翻译】当他开始为伦敦设计the Shard的时候，Piano想要设计一个看起来像尖顶的很高的大楼。
【分析】本句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句，后面的主句里有一个定语从句that looked like a spire (尖顶).修饰前面的先行词a very tall building。
2. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal
【翻译】他们说the Shard在说明伦敦正变得更加不公平。
【分析】本句中的动词say后面含有一个that引导的宾语从句the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal这个宾语从句中动词show后面有一个how引导的宾语从句how London is becoming more unequal。

四（2014江西卷）
C
Close your eyes foe a minutes and imagine what life would be like of you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with you eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries posses most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates