语法状语从句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

状语从句 状语从句是由从句来充当状语句子，其在句子中可修饰谓语动词(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或整个句子。它能够用来表示时间、地点、原因、目标、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。第1页状语从句引导词例句时间状语从句while(谓语动词必须 是延续性动词),when(谓语动词能够是终止 性，也能够延续性),as(当时候，强调“一边一边”)Please keep quiet while/when others are studying.当他人正在学习时，请保持平静。When I went into the lab,the teacher was doing an experiment.(此处 when 不能换成 while)当我走 进试验室时，老师正在做试验。As/When/While I was walking down the street,I noticed a police car.当我沿着大街散步时，我注意到一辆警车。till/until(直到),not.until/till(直 到才)They played volleyball until/till it got dark.(延续性动词)他们打排球直到天黑才结束。He didnt go to bed until/till his father came back.(非延续性动词)直到他父亲回来他才睡觉。一、状语从句引导词第2页状语从句引导词例句 地点状语 从句 where,wherever Make a mark where you have a question.在你有 问题地方标个记号。Sit wherever you like.坐在你喜欢地方。条件状语 从句(真实/非真实)if(不能用whether替换),unless,so/aslong as,on conditionthat,so/as far as,ifonly(if)If he is not in the office,he must be out for lunch.假如他不在办公室，那一定是出去吃午饭了。You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.你能够借这本书，只要你让它保持洁净。原因状语 从句 because,since,as He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他必须待在家里，因为他病了。Since everyone is here,now lets begin.大家都 到齐了，现在开始。结果状语 从句 so that,so.that,such.that He was so excited that he jumped from the sofa.他如此激动以至于他从沙发上跳了下来。续表第3页状语从句引导词例句 目标状语 从句 so,so that,in order that,in case(以防，以免)Speak clearly,so that they may understand you.说清楚些方便他们都能听懂。He left early in case he should miss the train.他 早早地离开，以防误了火车。让步状语 从句 although,though,as,even if/though,however,whatever,whether.or,no matterwho/when/what.Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道很多。Whatever(No matter what)you say,Ill never change my mind.不论你说什么，我都不会改 变主意。比较状语 从句 than,so/as.as,themore.the more.I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯错误比你犯多得多。The busier he is,the happier he feels.越忙他觉 得越高兴。方式状语 从句 as,as if/though,theway,rather than.You must do the exercise as I show you.你必须 按照我教你去做练习。He acted as if nothing had happened.从他举 止行为看，似乎什么也没发生过。续表第4页状语从句讲解一、时间状语从句1when，while，as特殊点(1)表示带有规律性“每当”或从句和主句动作存在先后关系时，普通用when。(2)when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，突然”，惯用于以下句式：be about to do-when;be doing-when;be on the point of doing-when;sb.had just done sth.when-(3)表示“伴随”或“一边一边”含义时，普通用as。(4)as作“当时候”解，从句谓语普通不可是状态动词。(5)while从句谓语动词不可是短暂性。第5页【例1】_ the days went on，the weather got worse.AWith BSince CWhile DAs答案D【例2】_ you are at home alone，please dont leave the door open.AUntil BWhile CBefore DAs答案B第6页2表示“一就”时间状语从句(1)as soon as惯用普通现在时表未来。(2)hardly/scarcely.when.或no sooner.than.结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用普通过去时。把no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序(3)表 示 时 间 概 念 副 词 充 当 连 词，如：immediately，directly，instantly等。(4)“the瞬间名词”，如：the moment，the minute，the second等。第7页【例3】Just use this room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.(安徽)Aas soon as BunlessCas far as Duntil答案A【例4】She had _ sat down _ the telephone rang.Ahardly；than Bhardly；whenCno sooner；when Dno sooner；as答案B第8页【例5】I went to see him _ I heard from him.Awhen BwhileCas Dimmediately答案D第9页3以time结尾短语引导时间状语从句every/each time，(the)next time，(the)last time，the first time，any time，by the time等短语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。【例6】I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first timeCthe first time Dby the first time答案C第10页【例7】I seem to remember that _ we met I did most of the talking.Athe last time Bevery timeCat the time DA and B答案D第11页4since引导时间状语从句使用方法(1)主句惯用现在完成时，从句惯用普通过去时。(2)若从句谓语动词是延续性，表示动作终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性，则表示动作开始。(3)固定句型：It is/has been段时间since普通过去时。【例8】Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined答案D第12页【例9】What was the party like?Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince答案D【例10】Do you smoke?_.Its three years since I smoked.AYes，I do BYes，I dontCNo，I dont DNo，I do答案C第13页5until/till引导时间状语从句使用方法(1)用于必定句中，主句谓语动词是延续性，表示对应动作结束时间。如：He worked until five oclock.他一直工作到五点钟。(2)用于否定句中，主句谓语动词一般是短暂性，表示对应动作开始时间，意为“直到才”如：He didnt begin to work until five oclock.直到五点钟他才开始工作。【例11】A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.Auntil Bunless Cwhen Dafter答案A第14页注：not.until可用于强调句或倒装句中。如：I didnt know it until he came back.It was not until he came back that I knew it.强调句Not until he came back did I know it.倒装句第15页6once引导时间状语从句使用方法once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。【例12】_ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(北京)AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce答案D第16页7before引导时间状语从句使用方法表示“在之前”。惯用句型：It will be some time before.意为“要过一段时间才”。It was long before-很久才 It wasnt long before-很快就-【例13】John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(陕西)Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince答案C第17页【例 14】Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.Awhen Buntil Cbefore Dafter答案C注：before反义词是after，二者能够转换。如：We had stayed here four days before we went home.After we had stayed here four days，we went home.第18页8whenever使用方法whenever表 示“不 论 何 时”，相 当 于 every time/each time。【例15】_ I come to Beijing，I call at my teachers home.ABy the time BWhileCWhenever DWhen答案C/D第19页二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句连词主要有if“假如”，unless“除非”(=if-not)，as/so long as“只要”，on condition that“只 要”，supposing“假 设”，providing/provided“倘若”等。【例16】Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it?Well，that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.(江西)Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough答案A第20页【例 17】The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.(全国)Aor Bunless Cbut Dwhether答案B【例18】The bell is rung _ there is a fire.Aeven Bthat Cif Dalthough答案C第21页2in case也可引导条件状语从句，意为“假如，万一”。【例19】_ I forget，please remind me about it.AIn case BAs BUnless DThough答案A3.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+简单句”句型，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Hurry up,or else youll be late.One step further,and the car will hit you.第22页三、原因状语从句1because引导原因状语从句使用方法(1)含有很强因果关系，回答why提问，普通只用because。(2)在强调句型中，如强调原因状语从句，只用because引导这个从句。【例20】Why didnt he come yesterday?_ he had something important to do.ABecause BAs CSince DFor答案A第23页【例21】It was _ I was ill that I didnt go to school.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案A第24页2since，as引导原因状语从句使用方法表示已知或显著原因，通常放于主句之前。since比as更正式一些，since“既然”，as“因为”。【例22】_ everyone is here，lets begin.ABecause BSince CFor DBecause of答案B注：表示“既然”连词还有now that/when等。【例23】_ you wouldnt like to go there，you might as well stay here.AEven if BSince CNow that DWhen答案B/C/D第25页3for表示原因使用方法for表示原因时属于并列连词，不能放在句首，有时表因果关系(此时可与because等换用)，有时不表因果关系，而是对前一分句内容加以解释或推断(此时不与because等换用)。【例24】(1)The ground is wet，_ it rained last night.(2)It rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.(3)It must have rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案(1)A/B/C/D(2)D(3)D第26页4在sorry，glad等表示“情感”形容词后连词在表示“情感”形容词后由that引导原因状语从句。【例25】Im sorry _ I havent met him.Abecause Bsince Cas Dthat答案D第27页四、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句连词有where“在地方”，wherever“不论什么地方”。【例26】_ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.AWhat BWhere CWhether DWherever答案D第28页【例27】She found her calculator _ she lost it.是状语从句Athat Bwhere Cin which Dwhen答案B【例28】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year.是定语从句Athat BwhereCin which Dwherever答案B/C第29页五、目状语从句1so that和in order that引导目状语从句，从句谓语常用情态动词can(could)，may(might)，will(would)等。【例29】I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.Asince Bso thatCas if DUnless答案B第30页【例30】He opened the window _ fresh air might come in.Asince Bsuch thatCin order that Das if答案C第31页2in case，for fear that也可引导目状语从句，意为“以防”。【例31】John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aunless Bin caseCso that Dthough答案B第32页六、结果状语从句1惯用so that，so/such.that引导。2须注意这几个结构：soadj.a/an可数名词单数；sucha/anadj.可数名词单数；suchadj.可数名词复数或不可数名词。3结果状语从句中谓语常不用情态动词。【例32】She told us _ story that we all forgot the time.Asuch an interesting Bsuch interesting aCso an interesting Da so interesting答案A第33页【例33】It was _ that all of us went out for a walk.Asuch fine weather Bso fine weatherCsuch fine a day Dso a fine day答案A注：假如可数名词复数或不可数名词前有many，much，few，little(少)修饰时，用so而不用such。如：I have so few relatives that I feel lonely.我几乎没有什么亲属，(结果)我感到孤独。第34页【例34】_ little children got _ little information.ASo；such BSo；soCSuch；so DSuch；such答案C第35页七、让步状语从句1although/though引导让步状语从句使用方法表示“即使”，二者普通可通用。但用作副词(置于句末，用逗号隔开，意为“可是、然而”)时，普通只用though。【例35】_ she is young，she knows quite a lot.ABefore BHoweverCAlthough DUnless答案C第36页【例36】We agreed to meet here.He hasnt turned up，_.Abut BhoweverCalthough Dthough答案D第37页2as引导让步状语从句使用方法as引导让步状语从句时，意为“即使”，从句中形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。(若是名词，其前普通不用冠词。)【例37】_，he cant know everything.AAs he is clever BAs clever he isCClever as he is DA teacher as he is 答案C第38页【例38】Try _ I may，I dont think Ill succeed.Aas Beven ifCalthough Dthough答案A/D第39页3even if，even though引导让步状语从句使用方法表示“即使”，二者普通可通用。【例39】Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(湖南)Aif Beven thoughCunless Das long as答案B第40页4“no matter疑问词”使用方法no matter疑问词(who，which，what，when，where，how)引导让步状语从句时，表示“不论”，分 别 等 于 whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever，however。【例40】Nobody believed him _ what he said.Aeven though Bin spiteCno matter Dalthough答案C第41页【例41】_ troublesome the problem is，he faces it with patience.AHowever BDespiteCNo matter DAlthough答案A【例42】_ great difficulties the future may have in store for us，we will keep up until we finally achieve our goals.AHowever BWheneverCWherever DWhatever答案D第42页5whether.or引导让步状语从句使用方法表示一正一反概念，常译作“不论”，从句惯用省略形式。【例43】_ sick _ well，she is always happy.ANeither；nor BEither；orCWhether；or DBoth；and答案C第43页6when/while引导让步状语从句使用方法表示“即使”。【例44】They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.Aif BbecauseCwhen Dwhere答案C【例 45】_ I admit that there are problems，I dont think that they cannot be solved.AUnless BUntil CAs DWhile答案D第44页八、方式状语从句1as if/as though引导方式状语从句使用方法表示“好像”，从句谓语有时用陈说语气，有时用虚拟语气。【例46】He treats me well _ I were his father.Aas Blike Cas if Deven if答案C第45页【例47】She had a tense expression on her face，_ she was expecting trouble.Aeven though Bas thoughCso that Dnow that答案B第46页2as引导方式状语从句使用方法表示“像一样”；“照方式”等含义。【例48】We must live _ Lei Feng lived.Alike Bas Cas if Deven if答案B【例49】Do rememer that you must do everything _ you are told to.Awhat Bwhich Cas Dif答案C第47页3what引导方式状语从句使用方法what引导方式状语从句，普通只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B主要性，就如同C对于D主要性一样”。【例50】Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dof which答案A第48页九、比较状语从句1as原级as(用于必定句或否定句)；so原级as(用于否定句)。2比较级：more.than。3the more.，the more.。前面是从句，后面是主句。当主句是未来时时，从句须用普通现在时代替未来时。【例51】The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did.Aas faster as Bso faster thanCso faster as Das fast as答案D第49页【例52】The longer the period _，the higher the interest rate _.Awill be；will be Bis；wasCwill be；is Dis；will be答案D第50页第51页第52页第53页第54页第55页第56页第57页第58页第59页第60页第61页第62页第63页第64页