2015届中考英语压轴题检测19.doc

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【中考备考金钥匙】2015中考英语压轴题精编专题（含解析）专题27 阅读理解（历史文化类）
1.【2014年内蒙古通辽市中考】
The world is not only hungry, it will also be thirsty for water. About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salty water. Man（人类） can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes and underground.
The sea is very big. Look at the map of the world, there is more sea than land. It covers about three quarters of the earth, it looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be terrible when there is a strong wind.
The sea water is salty. There is one “sea” called the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is not a sea. It’s a big lake in the Jordan Valley. It’s the saltiest lake in the world. It’s near the city of Jericho. It’s about 80 kilometers long, between 4.8 and 17.7 kilometers wide. The river Jordan runs into the Dead Sea. Fish can’t live in the Dead Sea and plants can’t grow near it. People can’t swim well in the Dead Sea, but they can float （漂浮） on the water. The water is very blue and the air is clean. In winter, people come to the Dead Sea to enjoy the sunshine.
根据上述信息完成下面各个选项。
【小题1】Does the fresh water come from rivers, lakes and underground?
A. Yes, it does. B. No, it doesn’t.
C. Yes, it is. D. No, it can’t.
【小题2】 The Dead Sea is ．
A. a small sea B. a big sea
C. a big lake D. a small lake
【小题3】 The passage tells us the sea covers about of the earth．
A. 3% B. 25% C. 75% D. 97%
【小题4】The Dead Sea is about ．
A. 2 kilometers wide B. 80 kilometers long
C. 11 kilometers deep D. 17.7 kilometers high
【小题5】Why can’t fish live in the Dead Sea?
A. Because there is no water in the Dead Sea.
B. Because the water in the Dead Sea is dirty.
C. Because the water in the Dead Sea is salty.
D. Because the water in the Dead Sea is very cold.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
【小题5】C
【小题2】细节理解题。根据The Dead Sea is not a sea. It’s a big lake in the Jordan Valley.描述，可知死海是一个湖泊。故选C。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据The sea is very big. ……It covers about three quarters of the earth, 描述，可知海洋覆盖了地球四分之三的面积，故选C。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据The Dead Sea is not a sea. ……It’s about 80 kilometers long,描述，可知死海大约长80千米，故选B。
【小题5】细节理解题。根据常识及第二段The sea water is salty.描述，可知死海盐分过高，故选C。
考点：考查社会历史类阅读
2.【2014年吉林省中考】
Our new foreign students are going to arrive very soon, and here are some ways to communicate with them politely.
How close do you stand when you talk to a friend? You can stand close to people in the Middle East but don’t stand too close to North Americans! Give them more personal space.
Do you know How to touch people correctly? Chinese girls often walk arm in arm with their friends. South Americans sometimes hold your arm when they talk to you, so you can’t move away! But in Britain many people don’t like other people to touch them at all.
Do you look at people when you talk? In some places, it isn’t polite to look at people when you talk, but in other countries it isn’t polite to look somewhere else. In Britain and the US, people usually look at each other when they talk.
And how do you say goodbye? That’s easy, wave（挥手） to say goodbye. But be careful! In Greece, it’s not at all polite! In fact, it’s very rude!
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。（5分）
【小题1】From the passage, we should give more personal space.
A. people in the Middle East B. people in North America
C. people in the South America D. people in North China
【小题2】The underlined word “touch” means in Chinese.
A.触碰 B. 打击 C. 感动 D. 震撼
【小题3】 We can’t wave to say goodbye in .
A. America B. Japan C. Britain D. Greece
【小题4】 How many ways are given to communicate with foreign students?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
【小题5】 What’s the best title of this passage?
A. Saying goodbye B. Touching people
C. Looking at people D. communicating politely
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】D
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了在和外国的朋友交流的时候，一定要注意礼节，不同的国家交流的方式是不同的，短文从四个方面给出了叙述。一是和朋友说话距离的远近；二是如何正确地触碰别人。三是和别人谈话时是否能够直视对方的眼睛。四是怎样和对方说再见。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据but don’t stand too close to North Americans!和北美洲的人说话不能离得太近，故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据Chinese girls often walk arm in arm with their friends.可推测这里指的是触碰，故选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据In Greece, it’s not at all polite! 在希腊挥手说再见是不礼貌的，故选D。
考点：文化类短文阅读。
3.【2014年江苏省宿迁市中考】
As an old Chinese saying goes, food is what matters most to people. A Bite of China Season Two, all about the history and culture of eating and cooking in China, broadcast on CCTV-1 from April 18 to June 6. Food plays an important role in our daily life. It is also one of the most important parts of Chinese culture. Besides the rich food culture in China, A Bite of China Season Two also wants to show the joys and sadnesses of ordinary Chinese in changing times through food.
The documentary makes viewers long for home and the tastes of childhood. One Weibo user wrote, “A Bite of China Season Two makes me have so many words to say. It makes me think of my parents and grandmother. I remember my father taught me how to fish when I was a kid. I haven’t been home for a long time, so I’ve decided to go back in a few days.”
The documentary uses food as a window to introduce China to the world. Viewers can see how Chinese people love life by loving food. The new season is not just an introduction to food. It also explores the relationship between Chinese people and their food. Anyone who wants to know more about Chinese food culture and Chinese society should have a bite of the programme.
【小题1】 What type of TV programme is A Bite of China Season Two?
A. A cartoon. B. A documentary. C. A comedy. D. A chat show
【小题2】 When did the programme begin on CCTV-1?
A. April 6. B. April 18. C. June 6. D. July 6.
【小题3】 What’s the main idea of the programme?
A. The development of Chinese history. B. An introdution to Chinese culture.
C. The history and culture of Chinese food. D. Feelings of ordinary Chinese.
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了中央1频道播放的纪录片《舌尖上的中国第二季》介绍了中国的饮食文化和烹饪技术，它是通过中华美食的多个侧面，使观众了解到中华饮食文化的精致和源远流长。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据The documentary makes viewers long for home and the tastes of childhood.可知《舌尖上的中国2》是纪录片。故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据broadcast on CCTV-1 from April 18 to June 6这个节目播出的时间是从4月18日开始，故选B。
【小题3】主旨大意题。根据A Bite of China Season Two, all about the history and culture of eating and cooking in China可知本文主要叙述了中国食物的历史及文化，故选C。
考点：文化类短文阅读。
4.【2014年江苏省宿迁市中考】
Jenny wanted to encourage students to read more famous books, so she decided to put an introduction to some interesting children’s story books in the school newspaper.
The Little Prince (《小王子》is a famous work written by French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. In the book, the little prince leaves his own planet to explore the universe (宇宙). In his journey, he finds that the adult world is really strange and boring. Finally, he goes back to his planet which is full of love. The book is really popular throughout the world.
Charlotte’s Web (《夏洛特的网》is a famous children’s novel written by American author E. B. White. The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a spider named Charlotte on a farm. When Wilbur is in danger of being killed for his meat by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages to praise Wilbur in her web and saves him. Wilbur becomes famous in the village and he is safe in the end. When it came out in 1952, the book was welcomed by both adults and children. And it is still very popular today.
The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane (《爱德华的奇妙之旅》is a 2006 novel written by Kate DiCamillo. The book is about an unusual journey of a china rabbit named Edward Tulane. He travels from one place to another, meeting many people. During his journey, he learns to love and finally finds love again. This book is popular nowadays and was mentioned many times in the famous South Korean TV series My love from the Star (《来自星星的你》. The warm and sweet story will surely make you understand more about love.
【小题1】 Jenny introduced some interesting children’s story books to ________.
A. encourage students to read more B. encourage students to write more
C. show off the books she has read D. make money by selling books
【小题2】The underlined word “praise” properly means “________” in Chinese.
A. 欺骗 B. 批评 C. 赞扬 D. 攻击
【小题3】 Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The three books mentioned in the passage are popular today.
B. The writers of the three books are all Americans.
C. When Charlotte’s Web came out, it was only popular with adults.
D. My Love from the Star is a famous Chinese TV series.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了翟妮为了鼓励学生多读书，于是就决定在报纸上刊登一些有趣的儿童故事，短文介绍了三本书--《小王子》、《夏洛特的网》及《爱德华的奇妙之旅》。
【小题3】细节理解题。这篇文章主要讲述了人们受欢迎的三本书，故选A。
考点：考查文化类短文阅读。
5.【2014年江苏省无锡市中考】
阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Hawaii is a truly beautiful place. Most people know Hawaii for its lovely beaches. However, Hawaii is also a land full of legends(传奇). One of the oldest legends tells of a special dance called the hula, which started here around 300 years ago.
One hula teacher tells the story of how the dance started. “The hula started, as far as the legend tells it, when Hi’iaki and her good friend Hopoe went down to the beach. And then, when they were there, they noticed the waves(波浪)…and they imitated the waves. And then started to use their hands…like showing the waves.That is how the hula started.”
However,not everyone has always liked the hula.In 1820,some religious(宗教的) people from Western countries came to Hawaii.The visitors were shocked by the hula because the dancers were not wearing many clothes.So they asked the local government to ban(制止) the dance.
After that,most Hawaiians were not allowed to perform the hula in public for almost 60 years.But that did not mean the dancing stopping.Many dances still performed the hula in secret.The dance was always there.
Things have changed.At the moment,people of all ages want to study the old culture.They want to learn how to dance the hula.As a result,more and more people are attending halaus. Halaus are special schools that hula in the traditional way.
Kumano is a hula teacher. For him, the dance is a way to bring the best of old Hawaii culture to people today. Kumano says that the dance is not really about the body.He feels that it is more about the mind.He explains this feelings,”…the hula is more… not so much a physical thing,but more of a mental thing.For new dances,the dancing means very little,because for Hawaiians today,many of them don’t speak the Hawaiian language. So,what I try to do is to mind the real thing they see today.”
【小题1】Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word”imitated”in this passage?”
A.Absorbed B.Chased. C.Recorded. D.Copied.
【小题2】Why was the hula banned for almost 60 years?
A.Because the local government found the movements of the dance were rude.
B.Because the religious visitors thought that the dances did not dress properly.
C.Because the dances realized it was not suitable to perform the dance in public.
D.Because the Hawaiian people believed the dance was not in fashion any more.
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Hi iaki and her good friend Hopoe got the idea of the dance from nature.
B.The hula had already had a history had a history of over 200 years when it was banned.
C.Many people attend hulaus because they teach the hula in a modern way.
D.Kumano thinks that the hula dance is good exercise for people of all ages.
【小题4】How do we understand that Kumano tries to bring to mind the real thing they today?
A.He tries to help young Hawaiian understand the old culture better.
B.He tries to let new dances feel the beauty of the Hawaiian language.
C.He tries to advise his students to pay more attention to the mind.
D.He tries to show local people that the hula can be different today.
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】A
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了夏威夷是一个美丽的地方，它也是呼拉圈舞的发源地，是Hi iaki和她的朋友看到大海的波浪起伏，有了创造呼拉圈舞的想法，至今已有300多年的历史了。
【小题1】词义猜测题。根据And then started to use their hands…like showing the waves可知人们来模仿波浪慢慢地变成了呼啦圈舞，故选D。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据because the dancers were not wearing many clothes.So they asked the local government to ban(制止) the dance.因为宗教人士认为跳舞者穿的衣服太少，所以要求当地政府禁止这种舞蹈，故选B。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据Hi’iaki and her good friend Hopoe went down to the beach. And then, when they were there, they noticed the waves(波浪)…and they imitated the waves. And then started to use their hands…like showing the waves.That is how the hula started.”可知Hi iaki和她的朋友看到大海的波浪起伏，有了创造呼拉圈舞的想法，故选A。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据For him, the dance is a way to bring the best of old Hawaii culture to people today. So,what I try to do is to mind the real thing they see today.他要帮助年轻人更好地理解古老的文化，故选A。
考点：文化类短文阅读。
6.【2013年安徽】Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don't have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.
     Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.
     Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don't pay overtime. Their workers don't get more pay for more work. Some people think it's their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don't work more hours.
     Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy." If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.
【小题1】A Japanese worker works __