2016届高考英语第二轮复习检测40.doc

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第5练　阅读＋七选五＋完形＋书面表达
Ⅰ.阅读理解
体裁：科普文　话题：科学世界　词数：360　时间：7′
Sir John，a British scientist who won last year's Nobel Prize for medicine，said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues，the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown，the first “test tube baby”．He said，“When my first frog experiments were done，an American reporter asked how long it will be before these things can be done in mammals or humans.I said，‘Well，it could be anywhere between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years？’It turned out that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin，and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children，who are no longer fertile(能生育的)，to create another using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child，thinking the technique was safe and effective，is 60 per cent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new child would feel they were some sort of a replacement for something.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍了克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实。
1．Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in ________ at most.
A．100 years B．60 years
C．50 years D．10 years
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that ‘maybe the same answer is appropriate’ for the step to human cloning”可知，克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实。故选C。]
2．According to the text，which statement is NOT true?
A．Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”．
B．Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C．Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D．Human cloning is creating something that didn't exist before.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown，the first ‘test tube baby’”可知，Louise Brown是第一个试管婴儿，所以A项正确；根据第二段第一句中的“Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues”可知，克隆人类仍然是一个存在争议的话题，所以B项正确；根据第二段Sir John所说的话“Well，it could be anywhere between...how about 50 years？”可知，他对未来克隆人类的发展是肯定的，所以C项正确。根据第二段最后一句“...doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’．”可知，克隆人类是复制已存在的人类，所以D项不正确。故选D。]
3．The underlined word “identical” probably means ________．
A．same B．special C．new D．clear
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据本句中的“copying what nature has already produced”可知，identical意为“相同的，完全同样的”。故选A。]
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The life of Sir John.
B．Prediction on human cloning.
C．Views on human cloning.
D．Achievements in human cloning.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，Sir John预测克隆人类或在未来50年内变成现实，所以整篇文章在说明对克隆人类的预测。故选B。]
Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the purpose of reading or studying？If you can't remember what you read or study，it will be a waste of time.__5__ One useful aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.
Why does a clerk in a store go away when your reply to her offer to help is，“No，thank you.I'm just looking.”？Both you and she know that if you aren't sure what you want，you are not likely to find it.But suppose you say instead，“Yes，thank you.I want a pair of sunglasses.”She says，“Right，this way，please”．It's quite the same with your studying.If you choose a book，“just looking” for nothing in particular，you are likely to get just that—nothing.
__6__Your reasons will vary and they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”，“to understand the reasons for” and “to find out how”．
__7__Before you start to study，you say to yourself something like this，“I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America”．Because you know why you are reading or studying，you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.
Reading is not one single activity.__8__As you read，you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.
This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it，relating it to what you already know，and using it for your own purposes.__9__One part of critical reading，as you have discovered，is distinguishing between facts and opinions.Facts can be checked by evidence.Opinions are one's own personal reactions.Another part of critical reading is judging sources.Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.
A．This is an effective studying way.
B．In other words，a good reader is a critical reader.
C．You remember better when you know what you're speaking.
D．At least two important processes go on at the same time.
E．It is important for students to have a positive attitude to their study.
F．But if you do know what you want，you are almost sure to get it.
G．Perhaps you have already discovered some good ways of keeping yourself from forgetting.
答案　5.G　6.F　7.A　8.D　9.B
Ⅲ.完形填空
体裁：夹叙夹议文　话题：学习方法　词数：296　时间：16′
Everybody knows how to learn.Learning is a natural thing.It begins the __10__ we are born.Our first teachers are our families.At home we learn to talk and to __11__ and feed ourselves.We learn these and other skills by __12__．
Then we go to school.A teacher tells us __13__ to learn and how to learn.Many teachers teach us，and we pass many exams.Then people say we are __14__．
Are we really educated？Let's __15__ the real meaning of learning.Knowing facts does not __16__ being able to solve problems.Solving problems requires creativity，not just a good __17__．Some people who don't know many __18__ can also be good at solving problems.
Henry Ford is a good __19__．He left school at the age of 15.Later，when his company could not build cars __20__ enough，he solved the problem.He __21__ of the assembly line.Today the answer seems __22__．Yet，just think of the many university graduates who __23__ solve any problems.
What does a good teacher do？Does he __24__ students facts to remember？Well，yes，we must sometimes remember facts.But a good teacher __25__ how to find answers.He brings us to the stream of knowledge so we can think for ourselves.When we are __26__，we know where to go.
True learning combines intake with output.We take information __27__ our brains.Then we use it.Think of a __28__；it stores a lot of information，but it can't think.It only obeys commands.A person who only remembers facts hasn't really learned.Learning takes __29__ only when a person can use what he knows.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要围绕“学习是怎么一回事”进行了探讨。
10．A.month B．minute C．time D．day
答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：学习从我们一出生就开始了。month意为“月”；minute意为“分钟”；time“时间”；day意为“日，天”。名词短语the minute作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“一……就……”，符合语境。故选B。]
11．A.wear B．put on C．have on D．dress
答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：在家里，我们学说话、学穿衣、学着自己吃饭。四个选项都有“穿，戴”之意。dress与空后的“ourselves”构成固定搭配，意为“穿衣服”。故选D。]
12．A.asking B．listening C．following D．drilling
答案　C　[考查动词辨析。句意：我们学会这些以及其他的技能都是通过模仿。ask意为“问”；listen意为“听”；follow意为“跟随，模仿”；drill意为“练习”。根据语境和常识可知，说话、吃饭、穿衣都是模仿而学得的。故选C。]
13．A.what B．when C．that D．who
答案　A　[考查连词辨析。句意：后来我们来到学校，老师告诉我们要学些什么，以及如何学。根据语境和常识可知，学校老师教授学生学习的内容和方法，所谓“传道授业解惑”。故选A。]
14．A.controlled B．educated
C．suffered D．passed
答案　B　[考查动词辨析。句意：于是，人们会说我们受过教育。control意为“控制”；educate意为“教育”；suffer意为“遭受，忍受”；pass意为“通过”。根据下句“Are we really educated？”可知，此处表示“受过教育”。故选B。]
15．A.pick up B．turn away
C．set out D．think about
答案　D　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我们来仔细考虑一下学习的真正意义。pick up意为“拾起，学会”；turn away意为“转身离开”；set out意为“出发”；think about意为“考虑”。根据语境可知，此处表示“认真考虑、反思”。故选D。]
16．A.mean B．say C．suggest D．show
答案　A　[考查动词辨析。句意：知道一些事情并不意味着能够解决问题。mean意为“意味着”；say意为“说”；suggest意为“建议”；show意为“展示”。根据上句中的“the real meaning of learning”可知，此处表示“意味着”。故选A。]
17．A.word B．thing C．memory D．condition
答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：解决问题要求有创造力，而不仅仅是凭借良好的记忆力。word意为“单词”；thing意为“事情”；memory意为“记忆”；condition意为“条件，状况”。此处与上句中的“Knowing facts”相呼应，表示“良好的记忆力”。故选C。]
18．A.people B．facts
C．techniques D．ways
答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：一些并不博学的人也有很好的解决问题的能力。people意为“人”；fact意为“事实”；technique意为“技术”；way意为“方法”。根据上文中的“Knowing facts”可知，答案选B。]
19．A.learner B．teacher C．example D．driver
答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：Henry Ford就是一个很好的例子。learner意为“学习者”；teacher意为“老师”；example意为“例子”；driver意为“司机”。根据上下文语境可知，此处作者举例说明。故选C。]
20．A.new B．fast C．beautiful D．cheap
答案　B　[考查形容词辨析。句意：后来，当他的公司不能足够快地生产汽车时，他解决了这个问题。new意为“新的”；fast意为“快地”；beautiful意为“漂亮的”；cheap意为“廉价的”。根据下句中的“the assembly line”可知，生产线大幅度地提高了生产力。由此推知，答案选B。]
21．A.complained B．heard
C．talked D．thought
答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：他想到了用生产线的方法解决生产率低的问题。complain of意为“抱怨”；hear of意为“听说”；talk of意为“谈起”；think of意为“想起”。根据上句中的“he solved the problem”可知，Ford想到了办法。故选D。]
22．A.ordinary B．strange C．simple D．special
答案　C　[考查形容词辨析。句意：今天看来，答案相当简单。ordinary意为“普通的”；strange意为“奇怪的”；simple意为“简单的”；special意为“特别的”。根据常识可知，现在这个问题已经不是问题了，相当简单。故选C。]
23．A.never B．almost C．seldom D．ever
答案　A　[考查副词辨析。句意：然而，想想许多大学生从来都不曾解决过任何问题吧，这样你就觉得Ford很了不起了。never意为“绝不”；almost意为“几乎”；seldom意为“很少”；ever意为“曾经”。根据本句中“Yet”的转折可知，此处与上文形成强烈对比。故选A。]
24．A.make B．understand C．master D．give
答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：他会给学生许多事实去记忆吗？make意为“制造，使得”；understand意为“理解”；master意为“掌握”；give意为“给”。根据下句中的“He brings us to the stream of knowledge...”可知，此处是指“老师是否呈现一些事实给学生来记忆”。故选D。]
25．A.knows B．shows
C．orders D．encourages
答案　B　[考查动词辨析。句意：但是一个好的老师要展示的是如何去寻求答案。know意为“知道”；show意为“展现，显示，向……演示”；order意为“命令”；encourage意为“鼓励”。根据语境和常识可知，一个好的老师所要向学生展示的是学习的方法。故选B。]
26．A.thirsty B．tired C．bored D．free
答案　A　[考查形容词辨析。句意：当我们渴的时候，我们知道去哪里寻求水源。thirsty意为“渴的”；tired意为“累的”；bored意为“厌倦的”；free意为“自由的，免费的”。此处与上句比喻中的“the stream”相呼应，指“当我们渴的时候”。故选A。]
27．A.of B．for C．about D．into
答案　D　[考查介词辨析。句意：我们把信息输入我们的大脑。of意为“……的”；for意为“为了，对于”；about意为“关于”；into意为“进入”。此处与上句中的“intake”相呼应，指“将信息存入大脑”。故选D。]
28．A.radio B．computer C．record D．machine
答案　B　[考查名词辨析。句意：就像一台电脑。它能存储很多东西，但是它不能思考。radio意为“收音机”；computer意为“电脑”；record意为“纪录，唱片”；machine意为“机器”。根据下句“it stores a lot of information，but it can't think.It only obeys commands.”可知，此处是拿人脑和电脑作类比。故选B。]
29．A.measures B．notes
C．place D．time
答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：只有当一个人能够运用他所知道的知识时，学习这个过程才会发生。take measures意为“采取措施”；take notes意为“记笔记”；take place意为“发生”；take time意为“花时间”。take place符合语境。故选C。]
Ⅳ.书面表达
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注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头语已为你写好；
3．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称；
4．可根据情况增减细节，详略得当。
Dear Sir，
I would like to apply _______________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Dear__Sir，
I__would__like__to__apply for the post of assistant which was advertised in the newspaper.I found this position quite appealing to me.
I've just graduated from high school.Luckily I'm good at English and I can speak English fluently.In addition，I have previous experience.During my stay in middle school，I used to be a volunteer and looked after the old people in a nursing home on weekends.
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薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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