高中英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页句子成份句子成份v组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份v它包含它包含主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，间宾），定，状间宾），定，状v主语和谓语是句子主体部分。主语和谓语是句子主体部分。表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里组成部分。表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里组成部分。定语和状语是句子次要部分。定语和状语是句子次要部分。第2页句子成份组成句子成份组成句子主干成份：句子主干成份：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子次要成份：句子次要成份：定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语第3页主语主语v1.主语是谓语讲述对象。主语是谓语讲述对象。v2.表示所说表示所说“是什麽是什麽”，“是谁是谁”，v3.普通由名词，代词或相当于名词词或普通由名词，代词或相当于名词词或短短语充当语充当。v4.它在它在句首。句首。We study in No.7 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.To teach them English is my job.Surfing,diving and swimming are all water sports.第4页谓语谓语v1.说明主语说明主语“做什麽做什麽”，“是什麽是什麽”，或或“怎麽样怎麽样”。v2.必须用动词。必须用动词。v3.和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。（主谓一致）。v4.在在主语后面主语后面。His parents are doctors.She looks well.We study hard.We have finished reading the book.He can speak English.第5页表语表语v1.说明主语说明主语“怎麽样怎麽样”，或，或“是什麽是什麽”。v2.位于位于在在be动词动词,系动词系动词后面。后面。You look younger than before.I am a teacher.Everybody is here.My job is to teach them English.They are at home now.第6页系动词（必背）系动词（必背）vbe(am is are was were)/seem/keep/是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持vlook/feel/taste/smell/sound/看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)感感官动词官动词vbecome/turn/get/grow/变得变得第7页 宾语宾语v1.是动作，行为对象。是动作，行为对象。v2.由名，代，或相当于名词词，短语来由名，代，或相当于名词词，短语来担任。担任。v3.它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。v4.在谓语在谓语(及物动词后，及物动词后，)之后。分为直接之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语和间接宾语。She is playing the piano.He often helps me.He likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.第8页及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词v及物动词是及物动词是后面能够直接跟宾语动词后面能够直接跟宾语动词:see/hear/drank/eat/vI saw him last week.vWe heard the bad news yesterday.vThey eat bread every day.vHe drank a glass of milk just now.第9页v不及物动词是不及物动词是后面不能够直接跟宾语动后面不能够直接跟宾语动词词:laugh/smile/look/listen/vShe smiled happily.vThey laughed loudly.v假如要加宾语假如要加宾语,就要靠一个就要靠一个介词介词来帮助来帮助:vShe look at the blackboard carefully.vHe listened to his teacher in class.vThey laughed at us after the match.第10页定语定语v用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形定语起类似于形容词修饰作用，容词修饰作用，The black bike is mine.What is your name?They made paper flowers.The boys in the room are in Class Three,Grade Two.I have something to do.第11页 状语状语v1.修饰动词，形容词或副词修饰动词，形容词或副词,状语类似于状语类似于副词副词。v2.普通表示行为发生普通表示行为发生时间，地点，目标，方式，时间，地点，目标，方式，程度程度等意义。等意义。v3.普通放句末，有也可放在句首，句中。普通放句末，有也可放在句首，句中。He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.第12页第13页英语句子结构英语句子结构*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来组成并列句几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来组成并列句;*几个简单句可经过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句几个简单句可经过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 复合句。复合句。简单句简单句简单句简单句 第14页简单句五种句型简单句五种句型1）SV 主语谓语主语谓语eg.The telephone rang.His father might have died.2)SVP 主语谓语表语主语谓语表语eg.The plan sounds perfect.Frank is an artist.3)SVO 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语eg.I saw a bird.My sister enjoyed the play.第15页简单句五种句型简单句五种句型4）SVOiOd 主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语eg.The lady gave Jack a watch.My father bought me a bicycle.5)SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg.They called him a fool.She found the children fast asleep.*在阅读句子时候，第一个任务就是要找到在阅读句子时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语谓语!*做谓语动词做谓语动词有时态、语态和数改变有时态、语态和数改变；还；还有有及物动词与不及物动词及物动词与不及物动词区分。区分。第16页基本句型基本句型1 1 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型句子有一个共同特点，此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。第17页 （不及物（不及物动词动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everbody 6.I 7.They 8.He flies.rose.cook.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday 第18页基本句型基本句型2 2 +（主系表）（主系表）此句型句子有一个共同特点：此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思合谓语，才能表示完整意思这类动词叫这类动词叫做连系动词做连系动词。第19页（系（系动词动词）1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becometurned an English-Chinese dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第20页 基本句型基本句型3 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一必须跟有一个宾语，个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。这类动词叫做及物动词。第21页（实义动实义动词词）1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.第22页基本句型基本句型4 +IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型句子有一个共同特点：此句型句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者，另一个是动作间语一个是动作直接承受者，另一个是动作间接承受者。接承受者。She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me.He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.第23页（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第24页基本句型基本句型5 +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型句子共同特点是：动此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。第25页（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第26页主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾&主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 比较比较v宾语和宾补有逻辑上主谓关系；宾语和宾补有逻辑上主谓关系；双宾语没有。双宾语没有。He made the boy laugh.He gave me a book.He calls me Tom.She bought me a pen.We sent them a telegram.宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语第27页第28页v1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓 (状）状）v2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表v3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾v4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾v5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓 （状）（状）第29页7.We must keep our classroom clean.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补8.After work he always feels a little tired.（状）（状）主主+（状）（状）系系+（定）（定）表表9.They laughed at us after the match.主主+谓谓 宾（状）宾（状）10.She told me a story.主主 谓间宾直宾谓间宾直宾第30页I.Choose the best answers：1._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.2.3.A.Trying B.Try 4.C.To try D.Having tried第31页2.He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope第32页3._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.Sleep B.Sleeping C.To sleep D.Having slept第33页4._ at the door before entering,please.A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock 第34页5._ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give第35页6.The manager,_ his factorys products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known 第36页7.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 第37页8.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 第38页9.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt第39页10.English has a large vocabulary,hasnt it?-Yes,_ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate.A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known 第40页11.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed第41页II.Correct the mistakes in the sentences.(Each sentence has only one mistake.)1.My parents love me dearly of course and will2.do all they can make sure that I get a good 3.education.to2.He said he was busy.That is,a game of tennis making him very busy.made第42页3.Remembering not to shout at them.Remember4.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.when5.I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.第43页6.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.7.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.it8.Clever as she is,but she works very hard.第44页9.I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.and girls.giving lessons to lovely boys11.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.it10.At weekends,we would play basket ball,swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.swim第45页一一.利利用用考考生生思思维维定定势势，经经过过从从句句对对句句子子进进行行分隔。分隔。1.Mr.Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad.A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.to improving2.The letter I was looking forward to _ at last.A.arrived B.arrive C.arriving D.have arrivedDA第46页二二.将将句句子子变变为为疑疑问问句句或或感感叹叹句句，造造成成句句子子中中动动宾关系分隔。宾关系分隔。3.Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together?A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed4.What have I said _ you angry?A.made B.make C.to make D.making5.You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house.A.found B.finding C.to find D.for findingACB第47页三三.相同结构混在一起，形成对句子分隔。相同结构混在一起，形成对句子分隔。6.It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.which D.there四四.在主谓之间加入介词短语。在主谓之间加入介词短语。7.I think Tom,together with you,_.A.be blamed B.is to blame C.are to be blamed D.are to blameAB第48页五五.固定搭配被其它词隔开。固定搭配被其它词隔开。8.We waited _ line for the bus.A.for B.in C.on D.withB第49页六六.添上插入语。添上插入语。9.He has written another scientific report,_ of great importance to science.A.which I think it is B.which I think is C.I think it is D.I think which is10.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happenedBC第50页七七.同位语从句中心名词与从句被其它成份分隔同位语从句中心名词与从句被其它成份分隔。11.The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he will be headmaster of our school.A.where B.in that C.that D.which 八八.用倒装句引发分隔现象。用倒装句引发分隔现象。12.He found on the table next to the armchair _ two pipes,some tobacco and a box of matches.A.was B.is C.are D.wereCD第51页九九.复合谓语被分隔。复合谓语被分隔指谓复合谓语被分隔。复合谓语被分隔指谓语部分助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动语部分助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动词被分隔现象。比如词被分隔现象。比如:13.An awful accident _,however,occur the other day.A.does B.did C.has to D.had toB第52页巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lessons.A.could go B.could going C.could to go D.went2.A book,as well as a pen and a magazine,_ been left in the reading room.A.have B.are C.has D.isBC第53页3.Who did the manager _ the work?-Maybe _ of the two men.A.have do;the taller B.have done;the older C.have to do;the younger D.let do;taller4.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repairedAC第54页5.Thank you for the great trouble youve had _ me with my computer work.-Thats nothing.A.with helping B.helping C.to help D.to have helped6.Thank you for the great trouble youve taken _ me with my computer work.-Thats nothing.A.with helping B.helping C.to help D.to have helpedBC第55页7.The professor we referred _ yesterday.A.to came B.to coming C.came D.coming8.Word came in the afternoon _ there would be an English exam.A.when B.that C.which D.every time9.Who would you rather _ with you to the park,John or Mary?A.to go B.have gone C.have go D.goingABC第56页10.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as11.The remaining time should be made full use _ well prepared for the college entrance examination.A.of getting B.of to get C.to get D.in gettingBB第57页Practice makes perfect!第58页第59页