高考必考语法改错之主谓一致十大经典错误省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

主谓一致主谓一致错中学错中学易掌握易掌握印象深印象深永不忘永不忘第1页第2页主谓一致主谓一致是指英语句子中_和_在_、_方面一致。主谓一致是中学英语语法教学重点，也是历届高考单项选择 短文改错题中测试重点之一。主语主语谓语谓语数数人称人称第3页主谓一致三条标准主谓一致三条标准当代英语主谓一致大致要遵照以下三条标准：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。2)意义一致标准。3)就近标准。由either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso连接或由here,there等引导句子，谓语动词遵照这一标准。主语和谓语一致不是由主语语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表示意义决定。谓语动词单、复数取决于最靠近它主语。1)语法一致标准。第4页主谓一致错误主谓一致错误谓语动词人称和数与主语不一致。谓语动词人称和数与主语不一致。1检验主谓在数上是否违反了语法一致标准。检验主谓在数上是否违反了语法一致标准。2检验主谓在数上是否违反了意义一致标准。检验主谓在数上是否违反了意义一致标准。3检验主谓在数上是否违反了邻近标准。检验主谓在数上是否违反了邻近标准。第5页主谓一致考点：主谓一致考点：（1）主语与谓语动词语法一致；）主语与谓语动词语法一致；（2）就近标准（）就近标准（eitheror/neithernor/not only but also等结构中一致问题）；等结构中一致问题）；（3）附加标准，主语）附加标准，主语+together/along with/in addition to/as well as/except/besides/including等等+谓语动词结构中主谓一致问题；谓语动词结构中主谓一致问题；（4）整体标准（主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等）整体标准（主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等词组做主语，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；词组做主语，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；（5）有一类词（）有一类词（team/all/some/the rest 等）要依等）要依据它在句中实际表示意义来决定谓语动词单复数据它在句中实际表示意义来决定谓语动词单复数第6页1.Theteacheraswellasthestudentswereexcited.【改错改错】was_主谓一致主谓一致第一题第一题 主语与谓语被插入成份分割,这时要跨越插入成份,找到真正主语。即：主语+with/along with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名词或代词时,谓语动词数应与前面主语保持一致。注意！关键指数关键指数 难度指数难度指数No.1第7页2.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsaretoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.【改错改错】is_主谓一致主谓一致第二题第二题 当两个主语由either or,neither nor,whether or,not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近主语一致。注意！关键指数关键指数 难度指数难度指数No.2第8页3.Allweneedareasmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.【改错改错】is_主谓一致主谓一致第三题第三题 句意：全部我们需要只是一小块在一年成长季节里能够种植各种各样果树土地。all作主语时，如指复数概念，动词用复数；如指单数概念，动词用单数。依据后面asmallpieceofland可知这里表示单数概念。注意！关键指数关键指数 难度指数难度指数No.3第9页1.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylineshavebeencompletedbynow.（陕西卷（陕西卷06-12）【改错改错】has_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析Theconstruction作主语作主语不可数名词作主语不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数.注意！语法一致标准第10页1.The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around$8,450 a year,which _ a burden for some of them.(湖南)第一空定语从句主语为livingexpenses，用复数谓语；第二空which指代整个主句引导定语从句作从句主语，谓语应用单数。areis语法填空：第11页2.Generally,studentsinnermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_essentialtotheirdevelopment.(江苏)主语为motivation抽象名词，故谓语为单数；依据generally可知，谓语为普通现在时态。is3.Allthescientificevidence_(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_damagingourhealth.(湖南)第一空主语为evidence不可数名词，故谓语为单数；第二空that宾语从句中主语为increasinguse为抽象名词，故谓语动词为单数。showsis第12页21.Notthestudentsbuttheteacherhavebeenpraised.【改错改错】has_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析在在not.but.句型中，谓语句型中，谓语动词应与动词应与but后面名词或代词保持一致。所后面名词或代词保持一致。所以应将以应将have改为改为has。注意！就近标准就近标准eitheror/neithernor/notonlybutalso第13页22.Therearearubberandtwopencilsinthebox.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析therebe句型中句型中be动词数动词数形式常取决于其后所接第一个名词数形式。形式常取决于其后所接第一个名词数形式。此句中应将此句中应将are改为改为is。注意！就近标准就近标准第14页23.Thereisawidevarietyofpeopleontheearth.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析avarietyof“形形色色，形形色色，各种各样各种各样”，of之后名词是可数时，其名之后名词是可数时，其名词要用复数，谓语也要用复数形式。词要用复数，谓语也要用复数形式。注意！第15页 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.Neither he nor I _ clear about his intention.Either you or he _ mistaken about me._ either of you a teacher?_ you or he a teacher?areamisIsAre语法填空：第16页3.You rather than I am going to go camping.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析 rather than 连接两个名连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面名词或代词在人称和数上保持一前面名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。致。注意！I,ratherthan he,istoblame.am_附加标准附加标准第17页1.The famous musician,as well as his students,_(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the Taipei Flower Expo.(福建)依据标志词，谓语为普通过去时态；aswellas连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词跟第一个名词保持一致。was invited 语法填空：第18页41.Ridingontheswingsandplayingwiththeducksinthepondwasourchildrensgreatestpleasureswhenwetookthemtothepark.【改错改错】were_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析句子主语为两个并列v.ing，表示两件事情，依据下文whenwetookthemtothepark，所以用过去时态。注意！名词性从句及非谓语动词作主语.普通谓语动词用单数形式,但名词性从句及非谓语动词作主语分指两件事,则用复数形式.第19页42.WhatIsayanddoisofthesame.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析whatIsayanddo即即whatIsayandwhatIdo，说与做说与做是两是两个不一样概念，应视为复数，将个不一样概念，应视为复数，将is改为改为are。注意！what引导名词性从句在句中作主语第20页43.Whathesentherwassomeprettycombs.【改错改错】were_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析当主语从句与其后表语能当主语从句与其后表语能够交换时，其谓语动词应与后面表语保持够交换时，其谓语动词应与后面表语保持一致，故应将一致，故应将was改为改为were,与与someprettycombs保持一致。保持一致。注意！what引导名词性从句在句中作主语第21页WhatImissmostbadly_thehappyhourswespenttogether.Studyingrules_helpful,butuntilsuchrulesareused,theycanbeofnovaluetoyou.HowtheTVEveningwillbeorganizedandwhowillbethegeneraldirector_notbeendecided.Learningatheoryandputtingitintopractice_twodifferentthings.WhatIwant_details.isishasareare语法填空：第22页44.Iwonderwhoisplayingvolleyball.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析打排球最少是两个人以打排球最少是两个人以上，从句中谓语动词应用复数，把上，从句中谓语动词应用复数，把is改为改为are。Who_you?Who_it?注意！意义一致标准areis疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可依听说话人所要表示意思决定单、复数。第23页51.Bothriceandcottonisgrowninthesouthernareas.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析and,both.and连结并列主语.若代表两个不一样事物,用复数形式.注意！并列主语主谓一致第24页52.Theteacherandmusicianaregoingtogiveusalecture.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析主语主语theteacherandmusician是指一个人两种身份，既是教师又是是指一个人两种身份，既是教师又是音乐家，因而应将音乐家，因而应将are改为改为is。假如表示两个人，。假如表示两个人，应分别用定冠词来限制。如：应分别用定冠词来限制。如：TheteacherandtheheadmasterhavegonetoBeijing.老师和老师和校长两人去北京了。校长两人去北京了。注意！意义一致标准第25页53.Thebreadandbutterarehisfavouritefood.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析习惯上把习惯上把breadandbutter看成是一个整体，所以系动词应为看成是一个整体，所以系动词应为is，而不用，而不用are。类似例子还有：。类似例子还有：knifeandfork,needleandthread,lawandorder,warandpeace,watchandchain,等等。等等。注意！意义一致标准第26页The secretary and cashier of the hotel _ absent today.The secretary and the cashier of the hotel _ absent today.The watch and chain _ beautiful.isareis语法填空：第27页【完成句子】用动词适当形式填空(1)战争与和平是一个历史上永恒主题。Warandpeace_(be)aconstantthemeinhistory.(2)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。ChineseandJapanesesilk_(be)ofgoodquality.【结论】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式主语时，其实是指两种不一样事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。isare第28页【尤其提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念有：iron and steel钢铁law and order治安bread and butter 黄油面包a watch and chain一块带链表a knife and fork刀叉a coat and tie配有领带上衣aim and end目标truth and honesty真诚第29页无知与疏忽是这错误原因。误：Ignoranceandnegligencehavecausedthismistake.正：Ignoranceandnegligencehascausedthismistake.第30页说明：两个以上主语用连起来表示一个单纯意思或观念时，动词要用单数。比如Truthandhonestyisalwaysthebestpolicy.Slowandsteadywinstherace.Breadandbutterishisabomination(憎恶,厌恶).第31页54.EachboyandeachgirlinourclassareabletosinginEnglish.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析当当“each/every/no/manya+单数名词单数名词+andeach/every/no/manya+单数名词单数名词结结构应用单数动词。构应用单数动词。注意！并列主语主谓一致第32页【完成句子】形式一致标准 (1)Every boy and every girl _(be)having sports now.(2)One and a half hours _(be)not enough to me.(3)More than one boy _(be)invited to the ball yesterday.(4)Many a student in our class _(wear)glasses.(5)Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.isiswaswearswas第33页【结论】every/each/no 名 词 and every/each/no 名词作主语时，谓语用单数。“one 单数名词and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“more than one 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。第34页 During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.Each day and each hour _(bring)its duty and one half of my time _ spent in reading.isbringsis语法填空：第35页6.Ahundredyearsarecalledacentury.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析表示表示时间、金钱、距离、时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被语时，通常被看作整体看作整体，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数。ahundredyears应被看作一个整体，谓语应被看作一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，动词应用单数形式，are要改为要改为is。又如：。又如：Fivedollarsisnotenoughtobuythatpen.五美元是不够买那枝钢笔。五美元是不够买那枝钢笔。注意！整体标准整体标准第36页Twenty dollars in a week _ only a small sum Three hours with your girl friend _(seem)to be short time.It was reported that six _(kill)including a boy.werekilledisseems语法填空：第37页7.Anumberofuniversitystudentsiswaitingforthebus.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析anumberof是固定短是固定短语，相当于语，相当于many，所以谓语动词应用复数，所以谓语动词应用复数，改为改为arewaitingfor。Thenumberofuniversitystudentsgoesup.注意！第38页1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.（NMET1996）2.Anincreasingnumberofstudents,yearbyyear,acrossChina_(try)hardtorealizetheirdreamofstudyingabroad.werewasaretrying语法填空：第39页81.Morethanonestudentwereabletoclimbupthemountain.【改错改错】was_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析morethanone单数名词单数名词作单数用，所以句中作单数用，所以句中were应改为应改为was。但但“more+复数名词复数名词+thanone”结构，结构，普通用复数动词。普通用复数动词。注意！复数意义，但普通用单数动词第40页(1)Morethanastudent_beensenttoJapansincethe1990s.(2)Morethanahundredstudents_beensenttoJapansincethe1990s.(3)Moremembersthanone_(have)protestedagainsttheproposal.hashavehave第41页消防队员死了不止一人。误：Morethanonefiremenwerekilled.正：Morethanonefiremanwaskilled.说明:“morethan”通常接单数名词或动词。比如:“Morethanmoreonemanhastoldmeso.”不过说“Therearemorethanonemanhere.”和“Thereismorethanonemanhere.”都正确。第42页82.Manyastudentareplayinggamesontheplaygroundandonlyonegirlortwoarereadingintheclassroom.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析manyastudent作主语，作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式谓语用第三人称单数形式.onegirlortwo谓语也用三人称单数。注意！复数意义，但普通用单数动词is_第43页many+复数名词,用复数动词;many a(n)+单数可数,用单数动词.Many young girls _(like)to wear loose garments.Many a young girl_(like)to wear loose garments.“a+单数名词+or two”结构，多用单数动词。但“one or two+复数名词”结构，多用复数动词。One or two reasons _ suggested.A day or two _ enough.likelikeswereis第44页one and a half+复数名词作主语,用单数动词.One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is第45页91.Thepolicehasarrestedallthesuspects.【改错改错】have_Thepolice,apolicemanThepolice作作“警察警察”“警方警方”解解,在句中作在句中作主语时主语时,谓语动词必须是复数形式。谓语动词必须是复数形式。集合名词作主语.主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析第46页92.Apolicecaughtthethief.【改错改错】policeman_police意为意为“警察部门警察部门”是集合名词是集合名词,表示复表示复数意义数意义,前面必须有定冠词。前面必须有定冠词。policeman意为意为“警务人员警务人员”,假如要表示假如要表示“一个警察一个警察”,则则用用apoliceman或或apoliceofficer。Thepolice,apoliceman主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析第47页93.Thepoliceareanorganizationwhichprotectsthepublicfromharm.【改错改错】is_Thepolice还可作还可作“警察局警察局”解解=thepolicestation,在句中用作主语时谓语动词用单数形在句中用作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。式。Thepolice,apoliceman主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析第48页有些集合名词 police，people，cattle 表复数概念，用复数动词。The police _ searching for the murderer the town.The Chinese people _ brave and hard-working.The Chinese people _ a brave and hard-working one.The Chinese _ a hard-working peopleareareisare第49页94.Thefamilyishavingachatinthelivingroom.【改错改错】are_有些集合名词有些集合名词team，audience，family，crew，class,public，government,enemy，group若作一个整体若作一个整体,用单数动词用单数动词;若看为一个个组员，用复数动词。若看为一个个组员，用复数动词。主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析第50页Zhangsfamily_ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.(C85)is语法填空：第51页【完成句子】用动词适当形式填空(11)Thedisabled_(be)welltakencareofinthiscountry.(12)Thenews_(be)certaintoreplacetheold.(13)Therestoftheworkers_(be)stillverytired.(14)His family_(be)all sitting in the sofawatchingTV.【结论】“theadj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；假如表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。areisareare第52页分数、百分数、all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时，谓语动词单复数依据其指代含义确定。主语为集合名词时，假如看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；假如侧重其中个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等，其中cattle，people，police普通看成复数形式。第53页95.ThepopulationofChinaarelargerthanthatofAmerica.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析population指是人口这指是人口这一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中are应应改为改为is。但在特定语境中也能够看作复数。但在特定语境中也能够看作复数。如：如：80%ofthepopulationinourcountry_farmers.我国我国80%人口是农民。人口是农民。注意！are第54页the+adj.采取意义一致标准。表“人”作复数看,表“抽象物”则 作单数看.The old _ being done away with.(旧东西)In that country,the rich _(become)richer,the poor,poorer.The government _(have)discussed the matter for a long time,but they have shown no signs of reaching an agreement.doawaywith废除，去掉；弄死isbecomehave第55页(1)The old man_(live)a happy life in new China.(2)The old _(live)a happy life in new China.(3)The old _ being done away with.livesliveis(旧东西)第56页101.Physicsareadifficultsubjecttolearn.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析一些表学科名词一些表学科名词,physics,maths,politics用单数形式用单数形式.注意！以S结尾名词第57页专有名词 the United Nations,the United States.用单数.The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers.The United Nations _ founded in 1945.3)the Olympic Games 可用单数也可用复数 The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _ held in Beijing.有些名词只以复数形式存在,glasses shorts,scissors,arms,clothes,goods.wages 等（见名词）用复数形式.但有表单数量词与之连用,则用单数形式.My trousers _ torn Another pair of trousers _ been made for me.This pair of shoes _ made in Nanjing.iswaswasarehaswas第58页102.Everypossiblemeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.【改错改错】has_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析means单复数一样，依单复数一样，依据句子意思：每种方法都用过了，这里据句子意思：每种方法都用过了，这里means是单数。是单数。“用过了用过了”用现在完成时；用现在完成时；注意！单复同形名词第59页单复同形名词,means,species,works等（见名词）,用意义一致标准：如表 单数概念,用单数形式;表复数概念,用复数形式.The only means to protect wild life _ to forbid killing wild animals.All means _(have)been tried to save the sick panda.The iron and steel works _(turn out)five hundred thousand tons of steel every year.Another two iron and steel works _(have)been built outside the city.注意:work 作“著作”时，为可数名词，惯用复数形式.Shakespears works _(include)plays and poems.One of Marxs works _ written in English in the 1860s.ishaveturnsouthaveincludewas第60页103.TheOlympicGamesisheldonceeveryfouryears.【改错改错】are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析与定冠词与定冠词the连用连用,在特指在特指某届某届次次运动会时其谓语动词用单数形式运动会时其谓语动词用单数形式,统指统指(多届多届)运动会时其谓语动词用复数形式运动会时其谓语动词用复数形式,作专有名称时首字母常大写。作专有名称时首字母常大写。注意！以S结尾名词TheOlympicGamesintheyear2,008_heldinBeijing.was第61页11.Thekindofbooksanauthorwritesdependonthekindofmanwhoheis.【改错改错】depends_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析akindofkindsof作主语作主语时，谓语动词单复数由时，谓语动词单复数由kind决定，决定，typesort也是这么。也是这么。该句主语是该句主语是kind，为单数形式，为单数形式，所以所以depend应改为应改为depends。Men of this kind _ dangerous.注意！are第62页“this kind of+单数名词”=“a+单数名词+of this kind”用单数动 词；“this kind of+复数名词”用单数动词；但“these kind of+复数名词”/“复数名词+of this kind”/“all kinds of+复数名词”，用复数动词。(1)This kind of cakes_ good.(2)Cakes of this kind_ different.(3)These kind（s）of apple（s）_ sweet.isareare第63页12.Someofthesoilarered.【改错改错】is_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析假如假如some，all，lotsof等等与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数；与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数；假如与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复假如与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复数形式。如：数形式。如：Allofmypencilsareinthebag.我全部铅笔都在书包里。我全部铅笔都在书包里。/Alloftheinkisgood.全部墨水都很好。全部墨水都很好。注意！第64页百分数,分数,enough,rest,part 后接单数可数或不可数,用单数动词;后接复数可数用复数动词.All the money _ spent,but I think part of it _ wasted.Half of his goods _(be)stolen the other day.Half of nurses _ dismissed but it was he,not you,who _ wrong.waswaswerewerewas第65页不定代词作主语 1.all,both 采取意义一致标准。表人或物(可数)作复数,但 all 表“全部一 切”作单数.All that can be eaten _(have be)eaten up.-All _ gone,the old familiar faces.-Dont be too sad.My friends,no less than I,_ glad to see you.Both _(feel)that they have grown up and that they can work alone.hasbeenarearefeel第66页2.some,any,few 采取意义一致标准。Some _ wise and some are foolish.Any _ free to express an opinion.Any _ good enough for me.Very few _(know)his address in the town.areareisknow第67页3.either,each 作主语,惯用采取意义一致标准，用单数动词。Either of the two rooms _ large enough.Each of them _ improved his handwriting.4.such 作主语时，采取意义一致标准。Such _ the situation we were facing.Such _ his words.isiswaswere第68页5.every,some,any,no 与 one,body,thing 合成不定代词,采取语法一致原 则，通惯用单数.Everybody _ enjoying himself.Anyone who _(do)his share for the orphans is welcome.isdoes第69页【改错改错】注意！强调句强调句主谓一致主谓一致13.Itisthepeoplewhoisreallypowerful.强调主语时，谓语动词必须和原主语保持强调主语时，谓语动词必须和原主语保持一致。一致。本句强调是主语本句强调是主语thepeople，谓语，谓语用复数用复数are_主谓一致十大经典错误例析主谓一致十大经典错误例析第70页【改错改错】注意！定语从句定语从句主谓一致主谓一致14.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海春)在在在在“oneof+oneof+复数名词复数名词复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句”中中中中,假如定语从句先行词是复数名词假如定语从句先行词是复数名词假如定语从句先行词是复数名词假如定语从句先行词是复数名词,这时定语从句中谓语动词数普通