高考必考介词的使用省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

介词介词 Preposition（Prep.）一、定义：用在一、定义：用在n.（或相当于（或相当于n.其它词类、短语其它词类、短语或从句）之前，说明其与句子中另一成份关系词，或从句）之前，说明其与句子中另一成份关系词，又称前置词。又称前置词。二、分类：二、分类：3种种简单介词（简单介词（Simple Prepositions）e.g.about,above,behind,besides,down,during,in,near,round,since,towards,with复合介词（复合介词（Compound Prepositions）e.g.from among,from behind,from under,inside,outside,within,without,into,onto,out of,upon,throughout 第1页短语介词（Phrasal Prepositions）e.g.according to,apart from（除之外）,as a result of,as for/to（至于，关于）,because of,due to（因为）,in addition to（除之外，不但=besides,in front of,in spite of(尽管),instead of,owing to（因为）第2页三、常见简单介词基本使用方法三、常见简单介词基本使用方法1.About 1)关于，相关关于，相关 I have not heard so much about him.I dont know what youre talking about.2）差不多，大约）差不多，大约 e.g.About 500 Ss attended the lecture.About when will you go abroad?3）表示地点：在周围，在附近，各处，处处）表示地点：在周围，在附近，各处，处处 e.g.Trees are planted about the lake.They live somewhere about the Peoples Square.Dont leave your books about your desk.I havent any small change about/on me.4）“即将即将”（近期未来）（近期未来）e.g.The film is about to begin.Its nearly 7:00.The train is about to leave.第3页2.above 1）在）在上方上方 e.g.A bird is flying above the woods.There is a portrait above the blackboard.2）（在数量上）超出）（在数量上）超出 e.g.The man is not yet forty,but well above thirty.The number of new Ss this year is above four hundred.3）（能力等）胜过，超越；因太困难、太好）（能力等）胜过，超越；因太困难、太好而不而不 e.g.The problem is above me.（这问题太难我不（这问题太难我不懂。）懂。）John is above all the other Ss in mathematics.第4页3.across 1）在对面/对过 e.g.My uncle lives across my home.There is a bookshop across the street.2）横越，横过 e.g.The little girl helped the blind man across the river.The tall tree fell down across the street.3）经过 e.g.The revolution developed across the whole century.第5页 4.after 1）在后（时间）e.g.After work/class,we went home except him.The day after tomorrow we will go to Shanghai.2）在后面（次序）e.g.Please shut/close the door after/behind you.3）仿照，按照（引申意义）e.g.Read after me,please.Rewrite the following sentences after the model.A new church will be built after the old one.4）追求（引申意义）e.g.What are you after?Oh,here is the thing Im after.If you run after two hares,youll catch neither.第6页 5.against 1）靠，倚，碰 e.g.The rain was beating against the windows.He put the ladder against the wall.He was leaning against the window,reading.The man saw a hare run against a tree.2）反对，禁止（引申意义）e.g.We are for peace and against war.Is there anybody against the suggestion?第7页3）违反，违反（引申意义）e.g.This sentence is against grammar.In the old days girls were married against their own will.Nobody should do anything against the law.4）顶着，对着 e.g.We played the first half（上半场）against the wind.Learning is like sailing a boat against the current(气流).治学如同逆水行舟。5）防范，准备（引申意义）e.g.They saved fire wood（干柴）against winter.Man is fighting a battle against pollution.第8页8.around 1）在周围，围绕 e.g.She wears a necklace/watch around her neck/wrist.The earth turns/goes/travels around the sun.2）在各处 e.g.He did a lot of travel around the country during the summer holidays.We showed our Japanese friends around our school.3）大约（时间、数量）e.g.around/about thirty years old A big elephant may weigh around five tons.4）在那边 e.g.Around the corner of the street,youll see a second-hand bookshop.（旧书店）第9页9.at 1）表示时间、地点、价钱、速度、年纪 e.g.at ten oclock at the school at the age of 40 at(a speed of)150 kilometres an hourPeople like to buy eggs from him because he sells at a lower price.Note:表示价格时，at须和price连用，如只说详细价钱，则用。e.g.I bought this dictionary for 60 yuan.2）表示动作之方向、目标：朝，向 e.g.He threw a stone at a dog.The fox ran at the boy.3）处于某种状态（引申意义）e.g.The two countries are at war.4）表示引发某种情绪原因。e.g.We are surprised at your success.They were sad at hearing such bad news.5）在号召，召集，请求下（引申意义）e.g.He wrote the letter at our request.第10页11.behind 1）在后面（位置）e.g.The garage(车库)is the house.He came out from the door.2）迟于，晚于，误时/点 e.g.The train is behind time.The plane was two hours time because of the storm.3）劣于，不如，落后 e.g.My old father is behind the times.Because of his illness,he is the others in his studies.第11页13.beside 1）在旁边 e.g.He sat beside me at dinner.The citys largest stadium stands a lake.2）相比（引申意义）e.g.My English is poor beside yours.3）离题，与无关 e.g.This is the topic for discussion.What you are talking about is the point.14.besides 除之外（还）e.g.We all went to Beijing our teacher.I like mathematics,physics,besides English.Besides being the largest city in China,Shanghai is also the centre of industry,education,science and culture.第12页17.but 1)除了之外(=except)e.g.They all liked the film him.No one me was in the office just now.I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.Notes:but prep.常是否定词连用;but prep.可跟不定式。e.g.The hibernating animals have no choice but to lie down and sleep.I did nothing but watch TV last night.第13页2）用于固定词组中。e.g.cannot help but do不能不；忍不住anything but根本不，决不nothing but只有，只不过是 but for要不是 I could not help but cry.我忍不住哭了出来。My income is anything but large.我收入绝对不能算多。She is anything but honest.她决非老实之辈。This is nothing but a joke.But for the doctor,I might have died long ago.第14页by 1)靠近，在旁边 e.g.The new library stands by the river.There is a tall tree by the river.He was standing by the window,reading.2）由旁边经过，途经，沿着 e.g.I go by his office every day.He passed by me without saying a word.3）用方法/伎俩 e.g.by bike,train,bus,plane,air,water,seaThe little match girl earned her living by selling matches.Rice seedlings(稻秧)used to be planted by hand.第15页4）表示程度、尺寸、数量、时间 e.g.He is paid by the hour.Whats the time by your watch?In the 100-metre race,John beat Dick by a shoulder.5）到时候，不迟于 e.g.Ill return the books to him by Wednesday morning.Hell certainly come by 5 oclock.By the end of last week,we had learned 15 units.6）依据，奉命 e.g.Never judge people by their appearance/what they wear.第16页7）组成介词短语 e.g.by and by（很快）one by one（一个个地）day by day（天天不停地）step by step（一步步地）side by side（肩并肩）little by little（逐步地）by chance（偶然，恰巧）by heart（默记下来）by oneself（独自地）by the way（顺便提/问一下）第17页down 1）往下 e.g.The boy fell down the stairs and broke his arm.It was almost dark when he went down the hill.2）up down城市、北、河上游、近处 乡村、南、河下 游、远处 e.g.They were swimming up/down the river.Ill go up to Tianjin tomorrow.Do you see the man walking down the street?Hes my uncle.非路面此高彼低，而是那个人离说话人而去。第18页for 1)为了（表示目，指人、物）e.g.I came here for my pen.What are you doing that for?I bought the watch for my wifes brother as a present.2）赞成，支持（表示同意、愿望等）e.g.We are for peace and against war.3）替，为，对于，供 e.g.I wrote a letter for him.(I wrote a letter to him.是何义？)Thatll be bad for your health.4）就而言 e.g.You look young for your age.第19页5）表示目标：去，向 e.g.Lets go for a walk/dinner.the train for Taiyuan6）限定于，供用，给 e.g.These tickets are for tomorrow.There is a TV set,a telephone and other necessities.They are all for you.7）看成，作为 e.g.We took him for an honest man.8）因为，因为缘故 e.g.He was sent to prison for stealing.9）It is/was+adj./n.+for/of sb.to do sth.第20页in 1）在范围和空间内 e.g.in a village in a tree in the bed in the sun in the rain in her handThere are many apples on the apple tree.2）表示时间：A.在世纪，年月 e.g.in the 20th century in May,1983 in the 1870sNote:in the thirties in his thirtiesA.在30年代 在他三十几岁时B.从现在算起若干时间以后。e.g.He will come back in two weeks.(how soon)C.在时间内 e.g.Rome was not built in a day.（英谚:大器晚成）第21页3）在某种状态、境遇下；穿着某种衣服）在某种状态、境遇下；穿着某种衣服 e.g.He nodded in satisfaction.She is in white/blue/yellow/green/red.4）在）在方面方面 e.g.Im weak in English.In building socialism,we need to learn good experience from other nations.have some/no difficulty/trouble(in)doing 5）表示方式、伎俩）表示方式、伎俩 e.g.in English in pen/pencil with a pen/pencilin a bus/train by bus/train on his bike第22页of 1)“”（全部格）。e.g.the name of the book the map of Hangzhouthe legs of the desk the tail of a pig2）表示同位关系。e.g.the city of Rome/Pisa/Tianjin Im sending my best wishes to the two of you for a happy life.3）用在表示数量、种类等意义词组中。e.g.a piece of chalk a glass of bear a cup of teaa group of Ss a kind of food a lot of time第23页4）表示动宾关系。）表示动宾关系。e.g.This book is helpful to my study of English.Parents love of children is most touching.5）用于一些比较级和最高级结构中。）用于一些比较级和最高级结构中。e.g.Of the two brothers which is the taller?在在中中Of all the stars in the sky,the sun is the nearest to us/the earth.6)of 与与age,height,size,weight,colour连用时能够连用时能够省略。省略。e.g.I have a daughter(of)your age.We are(of)the same age,height,weight,size.第24页on 1)表示接触（不一定在上面）e.g.There are a few flies on the ceiling.I want to be a sailor sailing on the sea.2）在某天、某天早晨、早晨、晚上 e.g.on Saturday/Wednesday on Oct10th,3）引申意义“在进行中”e.g.on fire on sale He is on duty now.They are on holiday in Dalian.第25页4）关于，论及）关于，论及 e.g.On Practice实践论实践论 a book on English/radioHe is on the committee.他是委员会委员之一。他是委员会委员之一。（属于）（属于）Have you any idea on the subject?This book is on basic English grammar.A lecture will be given on how to use prepositions.5）（表示时间）在）（表示时间）在时候；刚一时候；刚一就就 e.g.He said hello on seeing me.On hearing the news,they jumped with joy.On his(Kuntas)arrival he was sold to a farmer and worked in the fields.第26页to 1）（表示方向）向，往；（针）对 e.g.I took my daughter to the zoo yesterday.Japan is/lies to the east of China.the way the factory fall the ground turn the left2）到，迄（表示时间、数量、范围、程度）e.g.a quarter to nine to this day(直到今天)I think he is(from)30 to 35.第27页3）（表示对比；比较）比；对）（表示对比；比较）比；对 e.g.ten to one 十比一；十有八九十比一；十有八九2 is to 6 as 3 is to 9.二比六等于三比九。二比六等于三比九。4）按照，适合；伴随音乐）按照，适合；伴随音乐 e.g.maketo ones(own)measure 按照某人（自己）按照某人（自己）尺寸做尺寸做She sang to the piano.They danced to the music.In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music,so dance,gymnastics and music are all connected.第28页under 1）在下面（）e.g.He stood under a tree.book under arm 2）在领导，指导，统治，控制之下 e.g.Under the correct leadership of the Party,the life of the Chinese people is getting better and better.They made a successful experiment the guidance of their teacher.3）（表示主语情况、状态）在修理、建造、治疗中 e.g.under repair under construction.under treatment under discussion.4）不到（表示年纪、数量等）e.g.The girl is under 10 years old.第29页up(与down反义)1）向上 e.g.Seeing a large bear coming towards him,the man quickly climbed up a tree.He went up the hill to see the famous church.2）up down城市、北、河上游、近处 乡村、南、河下游、远处 e.g.We first visited Nanjing,and then went up the Guangzhou-Beijing Railway Line.Just then,they saw a car racing at top speed up the road.（汽车迎着他们飞驰而来。）第30页with 1）用（工具、器械等）e.g.Most people write with their right hand.In this way,they killed two birds with one stone.He wrote the letter with a pen/pens.(详细工具)in pen.（原材料）2）和，与，同 e.g.Yesterday he went to the cinema his father.3）穿，戴，有 e.g.He went to the seaside with sun glasses and a white cap on his hand.China is a large country a long history.I saw an old man with grey hair.I bought a book a lot of pictures in it.第31页4）因为）因为 e.g.Hearing the good news,we jumped with joy.With a family of eight to support,the man could not enjoy himself with ice cream.5）伴随）伴随 e.g.With the passing of the years,his hair became white.With the development of modern agriculture and industry,more and more waste is produced.6）尽管）尽管 e.g.With all his wealth,he is unhappy.7）和）和同时同时 e.g.I get up with the sun.(天一亮我就起床。天一亮我就起床。)With these words,he left the meeting-room第32页常见介词使用方法比较1.at 小地方 in大地方 e.g.He arrived at he station at ten.He arrived in the city/China in May.2.正above 上方 斜over e.g below 下方 under The water came above our knees.His office is below mine.The lamp hangs over the desk.The dog is lying under the table.3.between&among4.besides&except5.in&with第33页7.in 在某范围以内地方在某范围以内地方to 在某范围以外地方在某范围以外地方on 表示表示“毗邻、接壤毗邻、接壤”e.g.Fujian lies/is in the south of China.Fujian lies/is to the south of Jiangsu Province.Mongolia lies on the north of ChinaChina faces the Pacific on the east.=China lies/is on the west of the Pacific.第34页