2016届高三英语阅读理解考点复习题14.doc

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江苏新沂市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（3）及答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2014第一轮质检试题】
Nelson Mandela was a figure of international fame，and many details of his life and career were public knowledge．But here are some things you may not have known about him．
In his youth，Mandela enjoyed boxing．Even during the 27 years he spent in prison，he would exercise every morning．“I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it．Boxing is equal．I never did any real fighting after I entered politics．My main interest was in training，”he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom．
Among the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto，visitors call find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.
Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying,gave him an English name—Nelson—in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names．
Rolihlahla is not a common name in South Africa．It means“troublemaker”．His circumcision name was Dalibunga，meaning“founder of the Bunga”．
However,in South Africa,Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族)name—Madiba—which South Africans used out of respect．
After going underground because of his ANC activities，Mr Mandela’s ability to evade(躲避)the securities services earned him the nickname“the black Pimpernel”，after the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel，about a hero with a secret identity．
A fake(伪造的)passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela.He had disguised himself as a driver，a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities．
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939，failing about half the courseshe took．In August 1952，he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black law firm，Mandela and Tambo，in Johannesburg．He persevered to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989．
41．Why did Nelson Mandela become a boxing fan?
A．He enjoyed the violence of boxing． B．He wanted to take the championship．
C．He desired to enjoy the training． D．He hoped to find a better job．
42．Which of the following is true of Mandela’s name?
A．His original name was not Nelson．
B．His parents gave him the name—Nelson．
C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa．
D．Madiba was his Christian name．
43．What made people call Mr Mandela“the black Pimpernel”?
A．His ability to escape from being caught．
B．His underground activities in ANC．
C．His pressure given by the authorities．
D．The novel’s hero with a secret identity．
44．Mr Mandela made a fake passport to_____．
A．travel around the country B．escape from the authorities
C．disguise himself as an actor D．go abroad easily
45．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．It took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree．
B．Mr Mandela set up South Africa’s first law firm．
C．Mr Mandela got his law degree after being released from prison．
D．Mr Mandela was a determined person．
【参考答案】41-0-45、CAABD

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(A Smuggling Syndicate)
   The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations. His business happens to be illegal and risky, but look at the stakes involved: $5 billion worth of heroin smuggled into the United States each year, and $1.5 billion in gold passing annually along smuggling pipelines to India and Indonesia, to France and Morocco, to Brazil and Turkey. Perhaps half of all the watches made in Switzerland reach their eventual wearers by some back door. Most of this illicit trade is carried on with all the efficiency of any multinational company. Entirely legitimate businesses, such as a travel bureau or an import-export agency, are also often fronts for smuggling organizations. One of the world’s largest gold smugglers also owned and operated the franchise for a leading make of British cars in a small Middle Eastern country. He made a good profit from both activities.
   A smuggling syndicate operates much like any other business. The boss is really a chief executive. He makes all the plans, establishes international contacts, and thinks up the smuggling routes and method but remains aloof from actual operations. He is aided by a handful of managers looking after such specialties as financing, travel (one reason why many smuggling syndicates find it handy to have their own travel agency), the bribing of airline or customs officials, and recruitment of couriers, or mules as they are called. There may also be someone in charge of local arrangements in the countries to which the smuggled goods is going.
   Another similarity between legitimate business and its illegal counterpart is price fluctuation. Just as the prices of products traded legally vary with quality and market conditions such as supply and demand, so do the prices of goods go up and down in the smuggling trade. Consider the price of drugs. Heroin and cannabis, in whatever form or by whatever name, cone in several grades, each with a going price. The wholesale price at which big dealers sell to big dealers is less than the street price. When the authorities are successful in reducing the supply buy seizures, the price of all grades rises.

1.      The main idea for this passage is
[A]. The Comparison between Legitimate Business and Its Illegal Counterpart.
. The similarities between Legitimate Business and Smuggling.
[C]. Smugglers May Make Great Profit from Both Activities.
[D]. The Boss in Smuggling Syndicate is a Chief Executive.
2.      When is the price going down?
[A]. The quality of the foods and market condition are not very well.
. The quality of goods and market condition vary.
[C]. Unbalance between supply and demand.
[D]. The price of other goods fluctuates.
3.      It can be inferred that a smuggler
[A]. may make plan and establish international contacts.
. is a real boss.
[C]. may make money in different ways .
[D]. may sell other goods.
4.      One of the best ways smugglers usually take is
[A]. to set up multinational companies.
. to engage in illegal businesses only.
[C]. to make legitimate businesses as fronts for smuggling organizations.
   [D]. to make good profits from both activities.

Vocabulary
1.      turnover                      营业额
2.      do credit to                    增光于某人/某物
3.      stake                         下在投机生意上的股本，赌注
4.      smuggling pipeline             走私线路
5.      speciality                     专业部门，公司
6.      recruit                        招募，添补（新兵）

难句译注
1.      The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations.
[结构简析] 并列句
[参考译文] 走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍走私集团的文章，采用对比写法——正常（合法）的商业和走私（非法）集团的对比。第一段第一句就点明宗旨：走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。不仅如此，有的也经营合法商业，如旅游，进出口公司等，这些往往是非法走私组织的前哨阵地。
第二段介绍了走私辛迪加的经营情况非常类似其他商业。老板就是真正的（执行）董事长。他制定计划，签定国际合同，确定走私路线和方法但不参与具体执行行动。有一批经理助他管理各个专业部门，如财政，旅行，贿赂海关或航空公司官员等，还有当地接应走私货品的负责人。
第三段叙述了合法和非法贸易另一个相似点——价格波动，价格随市场供需和商品质量而有所差异。

答案祥解
1.      B. 合法商业和走私的相似性。是这篇文章的中心思想。它是通过对比方法说明这种相似性。并不是两者对比得出结论。所以
A. 合法商业和非法商业比较。不对。     C. 走私者可以从两种活动中谋取利润  和  D. 走私集团中的老板是董事长，只是对比中提到个别具体事实。不是中心思想。
2.      A. 货物质量和市场情况不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商业按质论价和按市场供需价一样，走私商品也是按这两者调节价格的上升和下降。”所以当质量和市场情况不好价格就跌。
B. 货物质量和市场变化。这并不一定跌价，也可能上升。      C. 供需不平衡。并没有说明供大于求，和跌价无关。      D. 其它商品价波动。这不一定下跌。所以B,C,D都不对。
3.      D. 可能会卖其他货品。题目是推断，（infer）。从第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黄金商之买卖，可推断出走私商照样可以经营其他商品。至于
A. 制定计划，签定合同。       B. 走私商是真正的老板。         C. 以不同的方式赚钱，都是文章中直抒，不是推断出来的结论。
4.      C. 以合法商业掩护他们走私是走私商经常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。
A. 多国公司。   B. 只从事非法商贸，这并不是最佳方法。   D. 从两方面赚钱，并不是方法，而是有了掩护所后，多一份收入而已。

【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】 A
阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollar to spend on what we desire
We can buy lottery tickets, enter contests or spend hours building a business or invest in the
stock market. We are sure that when we have plenty of money, we will be happy
While having some money does have an impact on our level of happiness, having a lot of
money does not. It is reported that Americans whose income goes from $20,000 a year to $50,000
a year are more likely to be happy. But beyond $50,000, happiness does not increase as salaries
go up. It is because we are never satisfied. Catherine Sanderson, a psychology professor at
Amherst College says, "We always think if we just had a little more money, we’d be happier. But
when we get there, we are not."
Daniel Gilbert, a psychology professor at Harvard notes,"The more you make, the more you
want. The more you have, the less it brings you joy. We incorrectly assume we’Il get more
pleasure from more, and we don’t."
The things money can buy don't make you happy either. A lot of research suggests that you
won't find the "good life" buying expensive "toys". You finally buy that BMW you've always
wanted and it soon loses its appeal. Then, instead of wondering if a new car is what really makes
you happy, you decide you just need a different new car. It is an endless cycle.
To really be happy, you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place. One
secret of happiness is people. Surveys have found that people need people. Those who have five or
more close friends are 50% more likely to describe themselves as "very happy". Good relationships
have a far greater effect on happiness than larger salary. Andrew Oswald, an economist at
England's University of Warwick says, "B you are looking for happiness in life, find the right
husband or wife rather than trying to double your salary."
So invest your time and energy in people. The reward is much bigger in terms of happiness!
31．In Paragraph 1 the author intends to tell us the "belief" that
A. we are unhappy because we often lack money
B. people can buy what they want if they have enough money
C. more money will make one's dreams come true
D. happiness will result from more money
32. Which of the following statements would the author agree to?
A. Having some money brings happiness to some degree.
B. The more money one earns, the sadder one becomes
C. Buying expensive things will surely bring pleasure
D. We get nothing from buying expensive things we want.
33. Why does happiness not increase with pay rises?
A. Most of us have a psychological problem. B. People are not content with what they get.
C. It is human nature to be unhappy. D. Happiness has nothing to do with money.
34. In order to find happiness we should
A. always make new friends B. take no notice of our salaries
C. focus on good relationships D. invest our money in our friend
【参考答案】31—34、DABC

【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】B
阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and
now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and
potentially harming sea life.
Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific
Ocean for almost two decades. "We've been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we
try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things
that we measure is COx levels. And We've been able to record this increasing quantity of
atmospheric CO, into the ocean. "Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and一
more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of
the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.
"As carbon dioxide dissolves in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid,
carbonic acid," Dore explains. "And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes
up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more
acidic."
The seawater samples Dow and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.
The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and
his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up
CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.
"It's important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have
negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It’s potentially catastrophic."
35. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Sea Life Facing Danger B. Scientist Researching Seawater
C. Oceans Becoming More Acidic D. Climate Change Affecting Seawater
36. With the increase of atmospheric C02，＿．
A. more corals will appear in the sea
B. the surface water is becoming warmer
C. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected
D. the pH of the ocean out here has been increasing
37. Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric C02 on sea life?
a. Sea life is endangered. b. C02 goes into the surface water.
c. The ocean chemistry is affected. d. C02 levels in the atmosphere go up
e. C02 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic.
A. abcde B. dbcea C. aebed D. edcba
38. Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on＿．
A. his research and analysis B. the expectation of other scientists
C. some former theory D. a major cause of climate change
【参考答案】35、A 36—38、CBA

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
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