动词时态和语态总结省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页学习目标学习目标：1、高考考查八种时态是：普通现在时，普通过去、高考考查八种时态是：普通现在时，普通过去时，普通未来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，时，普通未来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去未来时。现在完成时，过去完成时，过去未来时。2、轻易混同三组动词时态是：普通现在时和现在、轻易混同三组动词时态是：普通现在时和现在完成时；普通过去时和过去完成时；过去完成完成时；普通过去时和过去完成时；过去完成时与现在完成时。时与现在完成时。3、各种时态及含情态动词被动形式应用。、各种时态及含情态动词被动形式应用。第2页突破方法：突破方法：1、不可脱离语境学习时态和语态，而是要在了解了八种、不可脱离语境学习时态和语态，而是要在了解了八种惯用时态一些惯用规则后，留心以英语为母语者在实惯用时态一些惯用规则后，留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中怎样使用各种时态和语态。际生活中怎样使用各种时态和语态。2、建立时态时、体概念（、建立时态时、体概念（“时时”即现在时、过去时、未即现在时、过去时、未来时、过去未来时；每个时又分四个来时、过去未来时；每个时又分四个“体体”，即普通，即普通体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体）。体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体）。3、处理时态和语态问题，要遵照以下解题思绪：、处理时态和语态问题，要遵照以下解题思绪：1）这件事情说是什么时候事情或情况？）这件事情说是什么时候事情或情况？（定（定“时时”）2）这个动作处于什么状态，是完成了，还是未完成，还）这个动作处于什么状态，是完成了，还是未完成，还是既不表完成又不表进行？（定是既不表完成又不表进行？（定“体体”）3）这个动词与主语关系，是主动还是被动？）这个动词与主语关系，是主动还是被动？（定（定“语态语态”）第3页概念概念 时态是谓语动词所表示动作时态是谓语动词所表示动作或情况发生时间各种形式。或情况发生时间各种形式。它是它是“时时”和和“体体”组合。组合。“时时”有现在、过去、未来、有现在、过去、未来、过去未来之分；过去未来之分；“体体”有普有普通、进行、完成、完成进行通、进行、完成、完成进行之别。见下表：之别。见下表：第4页时态体现现在在过过去去v未来v过去未来v普通v普通现在时v普经过去时v普通未来时v普经过去未来时进进行行现现在在进进行行时时过过去去进进行行时时v未来进行时v过去未来进行时完成完成现现在完成在完成时时过过去完成去完成时时v未来完成时v过去未来完成时完成完成进进行行现现在完成在完成进进行行时时过过去完成去完成进进行行时时v未来完成进行时v过去未来完成进行时第5页 语态语态时态时态主动主动v普通现在时v普经过去时v普通未来时.v过去未来时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时v未来完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时v./v.svedwill+vwould+v.had+Vp.phave/has+Vp.pwill have+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving第6页一、普通现在时一、普通现在时1.普通现在时表示普通现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作或存在状态；经常发生、习惯性动作或存在状态；He takes a walk after supper every day.He is our English teacher.客观真理、科学事实、格言；客观真理、科学事实、格言；The sun rises in the east.Two plus two makes four.主语特征、性格、能力等。主语特征、性格、能力等。He woks hard.The children draw well.常见时间状语：常见时间状语：often,sometimes,seldom,always,every day/month/year第7页 2.主句是普通未来时主句是普通未来时,时间、条件状语从句中用普通现在时间、条件状语从句中用普通现在表示未来表示未来。如：。如：Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.3.在以在以here,there开头句子里，开头句子里，go,come等少数动词普等少数动词普通现在时表示正在发生动作。比如：通现在时表示正在发生动作。比如：There goes the bell.铃响了。铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。她来了。4.表示安排或计划好未来动作（普通只限于一些表移动表示安排或计划好未来动作（普通只限于一些表移动动词，如动词，如go,come,leave,start,be,arrive,begin,return,open,close,depart,end,sail,finish等）等）.The train starts at ten oclock in the morning.Supper is at five today.第8页1 1 普通现在时使用方法普通现在时使用方法1 1）经常性或习惯性动作经常性或习惯性动作1.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.have played C.played D.play2.-_my glasses?-Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.would you see D.Have you seen 3.We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education,especially those in the poor countryside.A.get B.will get C.gets D.would get第9页2 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。警句。1.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.served2.-The girl _ weight recently.-Yes,she _ too much.A.has gained,is eating B.gains,eats C.is gaining,ate D.is gaining,eats第10页3 3）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用普在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用普通现在时代替普通未来时。通现在时代替普通未来时。1.-Put these glasses away before they _.-OK.Ill put them in the cupboard.A.have broken B.are breaking C.get broken D.will be broken 第11页2.Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow.A.shall have B.have C.will have D.are going to have 3.-Can I drive on the free way,Mr Green?-You can when you _ a bit more skilled.A.will get B.are getting C.will have got D.get 第12页二、普通过去时二、普通过去时1）表示特定过去时间内发生动作或存在情况，常与表示特定过去时间内发生动作或存在情况，常与last week/year/month/spring,a few days ago,in 1998等时间状语以及等时间状语以及when等连词引导时间等连词引导时间状语从句连用。状语从句连用。We had a good swim last Sunday.When I was young,I took cold baths regularly.2）叙述过去连续发生一件件事。）叙述过去连续发生一件件事。He got up early in the morning,fetched water,swept the yard and then went out to work.3）表过去某一时间内经常发生或重复发生动作或行）表过去某一时间内经常发生或重复发生动作或行为。为。When my brother was a teenager,he played table tennis almost everyday.4）在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去未来动作。）在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去未来动作。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.第13页2 2 普通过去时使用方法普通过去时使用方法 1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave第14页4.-Has Tommy finished his job yet?-I have no idea of it;he _ it this morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did5.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _asleep.A.read,was falling B.was reading,fell C.was reading,was falling D.read,fell6.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness_.A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown7.-Im sorry,I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You _ your temper but thats OK.A.have lost B.had lost C.did lose D.were losing.第15页三三.普通未来时普通未来时 普通未来时表示未来要发生动作和存在情况。普通未来时表示未来要发生动作和存在情况。有以下一些形式：有以下一些形式：1.will/shall+do（侧重未来行为，不突出计划（侧重未来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事，与安排去做某事，与tomorrow，next week,soon,in 等连用）等连用）表示将会出现动作或状态。表示将会出现动作或状态。My daughter will be twelve years old tommorrow.表示经常发生动作。表示经常发生动作。We shall work in this factory every day.“will+动词原形动词原形”表示事物固有属性或必定趋表示事物固有属性或必定趋势、倾向。势、倾向。Fish will die without water.第16页表示说话过程中所做决定。表示说话过程中所做决定。The phone is ringing Ill answer it.2.be going to do表示已经决定或安排好要做某事。表示已经决定或安排好要做某事。We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.依据某种迹象认为在最近或将要发生某事。依据某种迹象认为在最近或将要发生某事。Tom studies very hard,and he is going to try for a scholarship.第17页 3.be about to+动词原形动词原形表示即将发生动作，意为表示即将发生动作，意为“正要、即将正要、即将”。The English evening is about to begin.不可与详细未来时间副词或副词性短语、但能够不可与详细未来时间副词或副词性短语、但能够同由同由as/when引导时间状语从句连用。引导时间状语从句连用。She was about to go to cinema when I came.4.be to do 1)(按计划或安排即将发生按计划或安排即将发生)The boys are to go to school next week.He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.第18页这种结构也可用于过去，这种结构也可用于过去，was/were to do sth表示曾经计划要做事，但不表明计划是否被执行，表示曾经计划要做事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运（即命中注定要发生事），而非计划；或表示命运（即命中注定要发生事），而非计划；was/were to have done sth 表示未曾实现计表示未曾实现计划。划。I felt nervous,I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很担心，因为我很快就我感到很担心，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。要首次离开家了。They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告了别，他们告了别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。不知道以后再也不会见面了。We were to have told you,but you were not in.我们本想告诉你，但你不在家。我们本想告诉你，但你不在家。第19页2）表示）表示“应该应该”，相当于，相当于should,ought to，You are to report to the police.What is to be done?应该怎么办呢？应该怎么办呢？3)表示表示“必须必须”，相当于相当于must，have to The letter is to be handed to him in person.4)You are to do your homework before you watch TV.表示表示“想，打算想，打算”，相当于，相当于intend,want，If we are to be there before ten,well have to go now.第20页 5)用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。Am I to go on with the work?What are we to do next?6)用于否定句，表示用于否定句，表示“禁止禁止”，相当于相当于“mustnt”The books in this room are not to be taken outside.7)表示表示“可能，能够可能，能够”，相当于相当于may,can The news is to be found in the evening paper.Such people are to be found everywhere.第21页9)were to do sth用于用于if 或或 even if/even though 从句中，表示对未来假设。从句中，表示对未来假设。If I were to tell you that I killed him,would you believe me?Even if the sun were to rise in the west,I would never do such a thing.10)be to blame（该受责备，对某坏事应负责任（该受责备，对某坏事应负责任）与）与 be to let（待出租）两种结构中，用不（待出租）两种结构中，用不定式主动形式表示被动含义。定式主动形式表示被动含义。Which driver is to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机责任？这事故是哪个司机责任？This house is to let.这房子要出租。这房子要出租。第22页题组练习：单项填空题组练习：单项填空6.We have been looking for the boy all the afternoon but he is nowhere_.A.to see B.seeing C.seen D.to be seenB.7.As early as his second film,Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting,the one that _ world famous.C.A.Would become B.becameD.C.was to become D.had become第23页8.-We just saw John at the bookstore.-Thats strange.I didnt think he _back until tomorrow.A.will come B.was to come C.is coming D.is to come 9.If the sun _ tomorrow,what would we do?A.were not to raise B.does not rise C.would not rise D.were not to rise第24页10.Look at these clouds，_.A.Its going to rain B.Its raining C.It is to rain D.It can rain11.Who do you think _ for the failure of their marriage?A.to blame B.to be blame C.is to blame D.is to be blamed 第25页-The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did 第26页 四、现在进行时四、现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行而还未完成动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而还未完成动作或状态。We are having an English lesson.2.表示现阶段一直在进行动作，但说话时不一定正表示现阶段一直在进行动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。在进行。The workers are building a new factory.3.有时可表示即将发生动作（只限于有时可表示即将发生动作（只限于go,come,stay,leave,start,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive等动词）这时常有一个表示未来时间状语。等动词）这时常有一个表示未来时间状语。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我父亲要来看我。这个星期六我父亲要来看我。第27页3.代替普通现在时，描绘愈加生动。代替普通现在时，描绘愈加生动。比如：比如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚江水滚滚向东流。滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方太阳从东方冉冉升起。冉冉升起。4.表示重复出现或习惯性动作，常表示不满、埋怨或赞表示重复出现或习惯性动作，常表示不满、埋怨或赞赏等情感。常与赏等情感。常与always,forever,all the time,continually,constantly等时间副词连用等时间副词连用,如：如：He is always thinking of others first.He is always making the same mistake.5.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见有：时。常见有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。等。第28页4.4.现在进行时现在进行时 .Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just now.-In fact.I think she _ just now.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will stud A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will stud 第29页 Please call again.Jim _ a bath just now.Please call again.Jim _ a bath just now.A.has had B.was having C.is A.has had B.was having C.is having D.has having D.has My money _.I must go to the bank to My money _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run out D.is being run out out D.is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearingwearing第30页.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!room!A.always throw B.have always thrown A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been C.are always throwing D.have always been thrownthrown.You _ television.Why not do something.You _ television.Why not do something more active?more active?A.always watch B.are always watching A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been C.have always watched D.have always been watchingwatching第31页五、过去进行时五、过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作（这一表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。过去时间须用时间状语表示）。He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示过去某一阶段一直在进行动作，但说话时不一定表示过去某一阶段一直在进行动作，但说话时不一定在进行。在进行。They were digging a railway tunnel last week.3.表示从过去某一时间角度，看将要发生动作（用于一表示从过去某一时间角度，看将要发生动作（用于一些动词些动词 go,come,stay,leave,start,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive等动词）等动词）They are leaving a few days later.4.与与always、frequently等副词连用，表示感情色彩。等副词连用，表示感情色彩。He was always asking her questions.第32页 1.-Hey,look where you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I was nt noticing C.I havent noticing D.I was nt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I _.A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I dont A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I dont listened D.I didnt listenlistened D.I didnt listen 3.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio 3.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked C.had been working D.had worked第33页六、过去未来时六、过去未来时 1.would/should+动词原形表从过去某一时间来看将要发生动动词原形表从过去某一时间来看将要发生动作或将要存在状态。通惯用于其主语谓语为过去时态宾语从句作或将要存在状态。通惯用于其主语谓语为过去时态宾语从句中。中。They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon.I told her I should return the book in a few days.2.过去未来时表示方法与普通未来时一样，只是相关动词要用过去未来时表示方法与普通未来时一样，只是相关动词要用过去时形式。过去时形式。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.He told me he was going to learn another foreign language.2.was/were+不定式表示过去未来时间安排，假如这个安排以不定式表示过去未来时间安排，假如这个安排以后被取消，没有实现，则用后被取消，没有实现，则用was/were+to+have done表示。表示。She told me that she was to plant some trees in the yard.We were to have left at six last night.第34页-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.wouldC.C.was going toD.D.did链接高考：链接高考：第35页-Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are goingB.never thought;were goingC.didnt think;were goingD.hadnt thought;were going Never thought“从未想过“，与how nice of you所表示喜悦之情相符第36页This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go;whileB.went;whenC.was going;whileD.was just about to go;when第37页We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had left第38页 七、未来进行时七、未来进行时 1）表示在未来某一时间正在进行动作；）表示在未来某一时间正在进行动作；They will be meeting us at the station.I will be seeing Mr Smith tomorrow.2）表示原因、结果或猜测；）表示原因、结果或猜测；Please come tomorrow afternoon,tomorrow morning Ill be having a meeting.Stop the child or he will be falling over.You will be making a mistake.3）用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌；）用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌；Will you be reading anything else?When shall we be meeting again?4）表示稍后一点安排）表示稍后一点安排 My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.第39页八、现在完成时八、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生动作对现在产生影响或结果，或说表示过去发生动作对现在产生影响或结果，或说话时已完成动作，常与话时已完成动作，常与so far,inthe past/last few years,recently,lately,twice,for two years,how long,since(ago)用。用。比如：比如：I have finished one third of the report so far.She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在动作或状态，往往表示从过去开始，待续到现在动作或状态，往往和和“for”,“since”表述一段时间状语连用。表述一段时间状语连用。比如：比如：He has learned English for six years./They have worked here since they left college.第40页3.现在完成时与普通过去时区分：现在完成时与普通过去时区分：1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去某一动作，现在完成时强调这）用两种时态来表述发生在过去某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生影响或结果，而普通过去时只表示过去动一过去动作对现在产生影响或结果，而普通过去时只表示过去动作或状态，和现在关系不大。比如：作或状态，和现在关系不大。比如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句此句has cleaned就不能改为就不能改为cleaned.一是因为一是因为cleaned与现实状况无关，二是因为普通过去与现实状况无关，二是因为普通过去时不可突然跳到时不可突然跳到Its这么普通现在时。这么普通现在时。)2）汉语中）汉语中“了了”、“过过”、“曾曾”等词惯用完成表示，如：等词惯用完成表示，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）不过假如是在特（我看过那部电影了。）不过假如是在特定过去时间定过去时间“看了看了”、“做过做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用普通，就不可用完成时而必须用普通过去进来表示。比如：过去进来表示。比