高三英语第一轮精炼复习题10.doc

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Unit 1 Art
Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦
1． n．　　　　　 信任；信心；信念
2． n. 目标；目的
　 　 vi.& vt. 瞄准；(向某方向)努力
3． adj. 典型的；有代表性的
4． adj. 明显的；明白的
5． vt. 采用；采纳；收养
6． vt. 拥有；具有；支配
7． n. (尤作复数)所有；财产
faith
aim
typical
evident
adopt
possess
possession
8． n. 技术；方法；技能
9． n. 巧合(的事)
10． adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
11． n．& vt. 努力；尝试；企图
12． vt. 预言；预告；预测
13． adj. 确切的，特定的
14． n. 画像；身材，数字
15． n. 展览；陈列；展览会
16． n. 束；串
technique
coincidence
ridiculous
attempt
predict
specific
figure
exhibition
bunch
17． vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
　 　vt. 将……上诉
　　n. 呼吁；恳求
18． n. 学者
19． n. 喜爱；偏爱
20． n. 名声；名誉
21． n. 文明；文化；文明社会
22． n. 区；区域；行政区
23． n. 署名；签字
appeal
scholar
preference
reputation
civilization
district
signature
Ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1． ...on 集中……于
2．a great 大量
3．on the other 另一方面
4．in the 活着的；本人
5．be 值得(做……)，有……的价值
6． to 对……有吸引力
7．all the 一直；始终
8． coincidence 巧合地
9． away from 挣脱；脱离
10．in the of 以……方式
concentrate
deal
hand
flesh
worth
appeal
time
by
break
style
Ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
[信息提取]　此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
[例句仿写]　如果杰克进了那个球的话，我们就会赢得那场足球赛了。
If Jack had scored that goal，we________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】　would have won the football match
2．By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
[信息提取]　which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的整个句子进行限定。
[例句仿写]　他是个英国人，那是我从他的口音中知道的。
He is an Englishman，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】　which I know from his accent
3．Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
[信息提取]　without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，所以主句用了虚拟语气。
[例句仿写]　没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
Without your help，I________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】　wouldn’t have made such rapid progress
4．The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
[信息提取]　句中to work outdoors是动词不定式作定语修饰painters。当名词被序数词修饰时，名词后用动词不定式作定语。
[例句仿写]　第一批进到船里的是妇女和孩子。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________were women and children.
【答案】　The first people to come into the boats
aim
(1)n.瞄准，目标，目的
He took aim at the bird，fired and missed it.
他瞄准一只鸟开火，却未打中。
She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
她去伦敦是为了找工作。
(2)v.瞄准，对准，旨在
I drove fast，aiming at catching the last bus.
我开车很快，目的是赶上最后一班车。
I aim to be a doctor when I leave school.
我打算毕业后当一名医生。
1．(2009年成都第二次诊断)The education program________combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.
A．to aim at　　　　　　　　 B．aims at
C．having aimed at D．aimed at
【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，该句子主干为The education program is being widely spread throughout the country.题干中的“________combining brain work with manual labor”为主语的后置定语，D项符合，这里的aimed at可以被看做“(that/which is)aimed at”的省略形式。
【答案】　D
adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养

①My mother was adopted when she was four.
我母亲四岁时被人领养。
②Our school has adopted a new teaching method.
我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。
③His adopted son went abroad last week.
他的养子上周出国了。
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life.这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。
2．Our school has________a new teaching method to meet the requirement of the students.
A．adapted B．adopted
C．adjusted D．advanced
【解析】　本题是对形似词的考查。adapt使适应，改编，改写；adjust调节，使适应；advance推进，促膝谈心。根据句意“为了满足学生们的要求，我们学校采用了新的教学法”可知，应选adopted，作“采用，采纳”讲，其他的词均不符合语境。
【答案】　B
possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
①They used all the money they possessed.他们用完了所有的钱。
②Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.
恐惧支配着他，使他无法动弹。
③He is possessed of good health.他拥有健康的体魄。
④The car Tom was in possession of was once in the possession of his uncle.汤姆拥有的车曾经是他叔叔的。
⑤The finance company now has possession of the house.
该金融公司现在拥有这所房子的所有权。
⑥We lost all our possessions in the terrible earthquake.
在可怕的地震中我们失去了所有财产。
3．—Does the young man standing there______the company?
—No.The company is________his father.
A．in possession of；in the possession of
B．have possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in possession of
D．have possession of；in possession of
【解析】　sb.take/have possession of sth.某人占有某物；sth.be in the possession of sb.某物在某人的控制之下。
【答案】　B
4．—How did you________the old valuable house?
—It used to be ________my uncle.He left it to me in his will.
A．take possession of；in possession of
B．take the possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in the possession of
D．take the possession of；in possession of
【解析】　take possession of“拥有”为固定短语；第二空的主语为it即the house，所以使用表示被动的in the possession of。
【答案】　C
attempt
(1)n.努力；尝试；企图

Someone has made an attempt on the President’s life.
有人企图刺杀总统。
I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。
(2)vt.尝试，企图

The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.
囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。
Every time I attempted to persuade her，I failed completely.
每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
They have attempted a difficult task.
他们已经开始了一项艰难的任务。
5．The Chinese are looking forward to the first________to land on the moon after Yang Liwei’s successful trip to space.
A．measure B．attempt
C．purpose D．desire
【解析】　句意为：杨利伟成功在太空旅行后，中国人正盼望着首次登月的尝试。
【答案】　B
6．David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam，so that he could be sure of passing it at her first________.
A．purpose B．desire
C．wish D．attempt
【解析】　考查名词辨析。作了充分的准备，这样“他就可以完全有把握在第一次参加时就可以通过”。attempt表示“尝试”的意思。
【答案】　D
figure
(1)n.数字；身体，体型；人物

How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？她吃得这么多，究竟是怎样保持身材的？
He was the outstanding political figure of his time.
他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。
(2)figure out理解，明白
I can’t figure out why he quit his job.
我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。
7．(2008年湖北卷)The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to________its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
【解析】　make up组成；化妆；编造；figure out理解，弄清楚；look through浏览；put off推迟。句意为：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。
【答案】　B
appeal
(1)n.呼吁；恳求

①Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims.
鲍勃发出了援助饥民的紧急呼吁。
(2)vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助；vt.将……上诉

②The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。
③Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?
你对出国工作的主意感兴趣吗？
④The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.
北京2008年奥运会开幕式吸引了全世界的观众。
⑤We appealed to him for help.我们向他求援。
8．Since they won’t listen to the advice，we have to______force.
A．appeal to B．stick to
C．keep to D．apply to
【解析】　appeal to呼吁，上诉，求助；stick to＝keep to坚持；apply to适应。由句意“既然他们不听劝告，我们只好诉诸武力”可知，应选用appeal to求助于……。
【答案】　A
by coincidence 巧合地
By a strange coincidence，we happened to be travelling on the same train.巧得出奇，我们正好坐同一列火车。
By coincidence，I met the person we’d been discussing the next day.
真是巧了，我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。
(1)It is a coincidence that...……是巧合的
It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.她正好在那个时候出现真是巧合。
(2)What a coincidence！真巧！
What a coincidence！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。
9．________，my deskmate and I were born on the same day and same year，so we have a lot in common.
A．By accident B．By chance
C．By coincidence D．By adventure
【解析】　by accident＝by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意“真巧，我和我的同桌同年同日生，所以我们有很多共同之处”可知，只能用by coincidence巧合地。
【答案】　C
a great deal大量地，非常多地
(1)a great deal为副词性短语，修饰动词、形容词，尤其是修饰形容词比较级。
We learned a great deal from them.
我们从他们那里学到很多东西。
After taking some pills，she felt a great deal better.
吃了几片药后，她感觉好多了。
(2)a great deal还可以作名词短语，用做不可数名词；或者作主语或宾语，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
A great deal has been finished，but there is still much to be done.
虽然已经完成了许多工作，但仍然有许多事情要做。
(3)a great/good deal of接不可数名词，表示时间、金钱、麻烦等。
He has given me a great deal of help.他给了我很多帮助。
He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.
他在新房子上花费了许多钱。
Don’t worry about it.We have plenty of time.
不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。
10．We will have to work________faster in order to complete our task on time.
A．a great deal of B．a great deal
C．a great many of D．a great many
【解析】　考查短语辨析。a great deal大量，可单独使用，也可以用在比较级前。a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词，表示“大量的”。a great many (of)修饰可数名词。
【答案】　B
11．________work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A．Many B．A great many
C．A great deal of D．A large number of
【解析】　本题考查表示“大量的”的限定词的具体用法。通过对选项进行分析，发现A、B和D三项后必须接可数名词的复数形式，a great deal of后接不可数名词，然后找到关键词work，便知正确答案非C莫属。
【答案】　C
on the other hand(可是)另一方面
on (the) one hand...，on the other hand...(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)一方面……，另一方面(却)……
①She was at a loss.On one hand she loved him；on the other hand she didn’t want to make her parents angry.
她不知所措了。一方面她爱他，另一方面她不想让父母生气。
②He is an able man，but on the other hand he is too proud.
他是一位有能力的人，但是另一方面，他太自负了。
first(ly)．..；second(ly)．..第一……；第二……
for one thing...，for another...一则……，二则……
③Firstly，I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.首先，我要感谢对这次成功作出贡献的每一个人。
④I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the colour，and for another it’s far too expensive.
我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。
12．(2006年浙江卷)I would like a job which pays more，but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．for one thing D．as a matter of fact
【解析】　根据but前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对比关系，故用on the other hand来表示对比。in other words意为“换句话说”；for one thing意为“一则”，常与for another thing连用；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。
【答案】　B
Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多这一时期著名的作品。
without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，所以主句用了虚拟语气。
Without your help，I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.
＝If you hadn’t helped me，I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
Without plenty of rain，we couldn’t have so good a harvest.
没有足够的雨水，我们就不可能有这么好的收成。
Without your timely help，I couldn’t have finished the work on time.没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
13．(2009年朝阳模拟)Without your timely help，we________in big trouble that day.
A．had been B．would be
C．would have been D．were
【解析】　相当于If it hadn’t been for your timely help，we would have been in trouble that day.
【答案】　C
14．(2009年安徽江南十校)________the help from the doctor，the little boy________his life.
A．Apart from；should have lost
B．Without；could lose
C．But for；would have lost
D．Except for；would have lost
【解析】　句意为：要不是有医生的帮忙，这个孩子早就丢了性命了。此题也是考查虚拟用法。apart from撇开……来说，除外；without如果没有……；but for要不是……；except for除了……之外，只有without和but for可表示含蓄虚拟，所以排除A、D。结合句意可知本题是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，故主句应该用would/should/could/might have＋过去分词，所以C正确。
【答案】　C
15．(2009年山东青岛第一次质检)________your advice，I would have caught in the traffic and I wouldn’t have been there on time.
A．In spite of B．But for
C．Because of D．As for
【解析】　句意为：要不是你的建议，我就会赶上交通堵塞，那样，我就不会及时到那里了。in spite of尽管；but for要不是；because of由于，因为；as for至于，就……而论。只有but for可以表示含蓄虚拟。
【答案】　B
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Modern education should________(采用) some advanced teaching techniques.
【答案】　adopt
2．A________(束，串) of flowers were delivered to me on Valentine’s Day.
【答案】　bunch
3．His theory was so________(抽象的) that no one around him understood it.
【答案】　abstract
4．The restaurant certainly lived up to its________(名誉)；the food was delicious.
【答案】　reputation
5．How do movies or television influence people’s behavior？Use reasons and________(具体的) examples to support your answer.
【答案】　specific
Ⅱ.选词填空
on the other hand；by coincidence；a great deal of；fix one’s attention；in possession of
1．______________________，we arrived there at the same time that afternoon.
【答案】　By coincidence
2．You should________________________the study rather than playing games.
【答案】　fix your attention on
3．We weren’t______________________the new house located in the suburban district until July.
【答案】　in possession of
4．You can look up__________________information on the Internet，some of which is not reliable.
【答案】　a great deal of
5．I would like to go to the party very much，but______________，I should stay at home to go over my lessons，for I will take a small quiz tomorrow.
【答案】　on the other hand
Ⅲ.巧思妙解
1．(2010年成都第一次诊断)The prices of houses，________is often reported，have been going up sharply in the past few months.
A．which B．it
C．as D．what
【解析】　as引导定语从句，它的位置比较灵活，常译为“正如……”。句意为：正如报道的那样，房价在最近几个月涨得很快。
【答案】　C
2．________is reported that Harry Potter is so interesting a book that all kids like to read it.
A．It B．Which
C．As D．That
【解析】　it为形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
【答案】　A
3．Tom was late again，________made the boss angry.
A．this B．that
C．it D．which
【解析】　考查非限制性定语从句的连接词。this，that与it均应用于另一独立的句子中，which代替主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
【答案】　D
4．Tom worked hard，but________didn’t please the boss.
A．one B．it
C．what D．which
【解析】　but为并列连词，故后句为一独立的句子。it代替前面的事情，在后句中作主语。
【答案】　B
5．(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)The road conditions there turned out to be very good，________was more than we could expect.
A．it B．what
C．which D．that
【解析】　句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的，这超出了我们的想像。which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【答案】　C
6．(2007年全国卷Ⅱ)________felt funny watching myself on TV.
A．One B．This
C．It D．That
【解析】　本题考查代词的用法。本题少的是一个主语，而后面的watching myself on TV则是真正的主语，是watching myself on TV这件事让人感到有趣，所以空格处应是形式主语it。A、B、D三个选项都无此用法。
【答案】　C
Ⅳ.语法专练
本单元语法——虚拟语气
1．(2009年苏、锡、常、镇一模)If I________long enough to have a job，I would choose to be a doctor，________those AIDS patients.
A．had lived；helping B．should live；help
C．were to live；helping D．should live；help
【解析】　句意为：要是我能活的足够长久来选择一个职业的话，我会选择当一位医生，来帮助那些艾滋病患者。本题第一空考查虚拟用法，根据主句的时态可判定条件句应用did/were to do/should do的形式，排除A；第二空是考查非谓语动词的用法，因为和主句主语存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
【答案】　C
2．Without the timely help of our army，more people________their lives in the earthquake in Wenchuan.
A．would lose B．could lose
C．should lose D．would have lost
【解析】　这是一句对过去事实进行假设的虚拟语气的句子，without the timely help of our army相当于“if there hadn’t been the timely help of our army”，因而主句应用情态动词的