2016届高考英语第二轮语法专题复习检测9.doc

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题组一　体验真题
Passage 1
体裁：说明文　话题：食品　词数：320　时间：7′
(2015·安徽卷，E)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red­colored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
【语篇解读】　该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。
1．According to the passage，sharing bread________．
A．indicates a lack of food
B．can help to develop unity
C．is a custom unique to rural areas
D．has its roots in birthday celebrations
答案　B　[考查细节理解。由第一段．..can promote unity and trust可知。]
2．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A．Trust. B．Success.
C．Health. D．Togetherness.
答案　B　[考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示)．..success in the New Year可知。]
3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________．
A．using examples B．making comparisons
C．analyzing causes D．describing processes
答案　A　[考查推理判断。由第三段可知。]
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The custom of sharing food.
B．The specific meaning of food.
C．The role of food in ceremonies.
D．The importance of food in culture.
答案　D　[考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。]
Passage 2
体裁：说明文　话题：艺术　词数：360　时间：8′
(2015·重庆卷，E)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long­lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。
5．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?
A．It introduces different cultural values.
B．It explains the history of artistic works.
C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.
答案　C　[细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。]
6．In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ________．
A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
答案　A　[细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。]
7．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ________．
A．they are results of scientific study
B．they establish some general principles of art
C．they are created by the world's greatest artists
D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
答案　D　[细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知，选择D。]
8．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Are Artistic Values Universal?
B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C．Is Human Nature Uniform?
D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
答案　A　[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。]
Passage 3
体裁：记叙文　话题：人物故事　词数：269　时间：5′
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照).
He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件)．Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。
9．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A．Go shopping. B．Find a house.
C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation.
答案　B　[事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。]
10．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________．
A．a friend of his family
B．a Sydney policeman
C．a letter in his papers
D．a stranger in Sydney
答案　C　[事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile...to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。]
11．What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?
A．Showed. B．Sent out.
C．Delivered. D．Gave back.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。]
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．From India to Australia.
B．Living in a New Country.
C．Turning Trash to Treasure.
D．In Search of New Friends.
答案　C　[主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱，被一个好心的家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。]
Passage 4
体裁：说明文　话题：动物与植物　词数：330　时间：6′
(2014·上海卷，A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk，but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying，but they do agree that many animals，from birds to chimpanzees，behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest，the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the“hurt” adult，leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird，the scrub jay，buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later，unbury the food，and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They don't make nests.Instead，they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out，their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky.After a fight，the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand，too，the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways，too.When chimps find food that they love，such as bananas，it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way，other chimps don't hear them，and they don't need to share their food.
As children，many of us learn the saying“You can't fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her，either.
【语篇解读】　动物不会说话，但是它们会以其他方式说谎吗？它们会以其身体和行为表现说谎吗？动物专家认为很多动物，从鸟类到黑猩猩，有时候在行为上表现不诚实，用来欺骗其他动物。这样做常常可以帮助它们幸免于难。
13．A plover protects its young from a predator by ________．
A．getting closer to its young
B．driving away the adult predator
C．leaving its young in another nest
D．pretending to be injured
答案　D　[细节理解题。由第二段第三、四、五句可知，鸻看到猎食动物靠近鸟巢，它假装翅膀受伤，猎食动物紧跟着它，离开幼鸟所在的巢。故选D项。]
14．By“Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky”(Paragraph 5)，the author means ________．
A．chimps are ready to attack others
B．chimps are sometimes dishonest
C．chimps are jealous of the winners
D．chimps can be selfish too
答案　B　[推理判断题。由黑体字后面的内容可知，两只黑猩猩打架后，失败的那只会主动向获胜的那只握手言和，但动物专家曾经发现一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手后，又开始打起来。从而可推断出黑猩猩有时候是不诚实的，故选B。]
15．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.
B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.
C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.
D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩有时候发现食物时小声叫，这样的话其他的黑猩猩听不见叫声，就不会过来和它们分享食物。]
16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Do animals lie?
B．Does Mother Nature fool animals?
C．How do animals learn to lie?
D．How does honesty help animals survive?
答案　A　[主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，各种不同的动物在行为上表现不诚实各有各的原因。干扰项为C：动物是如何学会撒谎的？文章内容着重点在于动物撒谎的目的而不是学习撒谎的过程。故C项可以排除。正确答案为A。]
Passage 5
体裁：议论文　话题：社会文化　词数：381　时间：7′
(2014·湖北卷，B)London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶)．He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a five­star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.
Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
【语篇解读】　文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。
17．London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________