2018届高考英语第二轮复习跟踪强化训练10.doc

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专题四　语法填空
第三讲　词性转换、比较等级及名词单复数

真题验证

(2017·全国Ⅲ)
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh－faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A－level course .But unlike her school friends ,16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term 　　1.resting　　(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6500 a day as 　　2.a　　 model in New York.
Sarah　　3.has been told/was told　　(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter,44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 　　4.who　　 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 　　5.to prove　　(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 　　6.education　　(educate)．
She has turned down several 　　7.invitations　　(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree 　　8.in　　 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 　　es　　(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 　　10.certainly　　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。
❶　解析：考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填resting。
❷　解析：考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。
❸　解析：考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。
❹　解析：考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。
❺　解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。
❻　解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。
❼　解析：考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。
❽　解析：考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。
❾　解析：考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。
　解析：考查副词。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。

(2016·全国Ⅲ)
In much of Asia, especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan，Korea，　　1.and　　Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might　　2.be made　　(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal　　3.to create　　(create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，　　4.using　　(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time，　　5.as或when　　the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which　　6.gradually　　(gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，　　7.who　　lived from roughly 551 to 479BC, influenced the　　8.development　　(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and　　9.were　　(be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat　　10.with　　 their hands.
文章大意：本文介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。
❶　解析：考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的“China，Japan，Korea”之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
❷　解析：考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是动宾关系及空前的“might”可知，此处应填be made。
❸　解析：考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特的设计。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
❹　解析：考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。
❺　解析：考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时”，故填as或when。
❻　解析：考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。
❼　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
❽　解析：考查名词。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词development。
❾　解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的“believed”可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填were。
　解析：考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填with。
模拟强化

(2017·华中师大附中月押题)
Nail art is increasingly popular throughout the world and many are using their fingernails____1.to_display____(display) creativity and personality.They like to show off their latest and curiously beautiful designs，especially young women，who are fond of doing so____2.with____the intention of leaving a good impression on others.
As a matter of fact，nail polish(指甲油) and nail art have a long history，dating back to 3000BC in China，India and Egypt，when plants were processed to create a dye used as a type of nail paint，which ____3.was_applied____ (apply) and represented social class and wealth; deep colors like red were worn by the rich ____4.while/and____ lighter paler colors were used by the poor.People in the Inca civilization painted animals on their nails，showing which tribe(部落) they belonged to！Not until the early 19th century ____5.were____(be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today.Besides various colors，the skills have got improved，leading to ____6.the____nail polish industry's success.
Nail art is part of the fashion world.With the application of gemstones，airbrushing and fine detail，you can complete any look，which can make you cheerful and ____7.delighted____(delight)．If necessary，you can surf the Internet，where you can get plenty of ____8.inspiration____(inspire) and get a professional finish in a short while with the help of the latest introduction.Everything is ____9.entirely____(entire) up to you.And whatever pattern you choose，____10.make____ (make) sure it suits you best.
文章大意：本文主要介绍美甲艺术的历史及指甲油的演变过程。
❶　解析：考查动词不定式。use sth.to do sth.意为“把某物用于做某事”。
❷　解析：考查介词。with the intention of意为“意图，以…为目的”，是固定搭配。
❸　解析：考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词a type of nail paint指物，在从句中作主语，是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数形式，且主谓之间是动宾关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。
❹　解析：考查连词。前后两个分句表示转折或并列关系，用连词while/and。
❺　解析：考查主谓一致。主语nail paints是复数，且表示过去的事情，要用一般过去时态，因not until在句首，此句是倒装句。
❻　解析：考查冠词。 此处表示特指，指甲油行业的成功。
❼　解析：考查形容词。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，cheerful和delighted都是形容词用宾语补足语。
❽　解析：考查名词。plenty of意为“很多，大量的”，后接名词，动词inspire的名词是inspiration。
❾　解析：考查副词。up to是介词短语，要用副词修饰，形容词entire的副词是entirely。
　解析：考查祈使句。祈使句中动词用原形，make sure意为“把事情弄清楚，核实或查明某事物”。

(2017·甘肃省天水市、兰州市一模)
Mandarin(普通话) Chinese is the most____1.useful____(use) non－European language for children to learn，UK parents believe.It will boost (促进) their children's career prospects (前景)，according to 51% of parents，while 56% felt it would open their children's minds____2.to____an “exciting and dynamic” culture.Arabic and Japanese，____3.which____were both picked by 14% of parents，were the other key non－European languages.The figures were gained after 1,138 UK adults with children aged under 18 ____4.were____ (be) questioned in a survey____5.conducted____(conduct) by the Mandarin Excellence Programme (MEP)．
French，Spanish and German were the top choices overall for young people in the UK____6.to_learn____(learn) after being picked by 57%,54% and 40% of parents respectively.
Mark Herbet，of the British Council，said: “With the global economy____7.becoming____(become) more interconnected and the drive to boost exports，language skills are increasingly important for work and life.Mandarin Chinese is one of the____8.languages____(language) that matter most to the UK's future prosperity (繁荣)．If the UK is to remain competitive on the world stage，we need far more of our young people leaving school with a good grasp of Mandarin in order to____9.successfully____(success) work abroad or for businesses here in the UK.Learning Mandarin is also a fascinating process that brings____10.a____valuable understanding of Chinese culture.”
The MEP aims to help at least 5,000 young people in England to speak fluent Mandarin Chinese by 2020.
❶　解析：考查形容词。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词，句意：普通话是最有用的非欧洲语言。
❷　解析：考查介词。此处介词to的意思为“到，去”。句意：百分之五十六的家长感觉这将打开孩子的思想到一个有趣的、活跃的文化中。❸　解析：考查引导词。____3____ were both picked by 14% of parents.在整个句子中是一个定语从句，非限定性定语从句用which指代前面的事物、注意这里不能用who，Arabic and Japanese指的是“阿拉伯语和汉语”，故用which才正确。❹　解析：考查be动词。本句中after后为一个从句，在从句中是被动语态且主语为复数，根据前面用过去时，故此处也用一般过去时，故用were。
❺　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词为非谓语，与逻辑主语survey之间是被动的关系，故用conducted。
❻　解析：考查动词不定式。此处动词不定式表目的，句意：法语，西班牙语，德语是英国孩子去学习的三个主要的选择。
❼　解析：考查with的复合结构。with的复合结构中become与逻辑主语之间是主动的关系，故用becoming。
❽　解析：考查名词。在短语one of...中后面的名词用复数形式。
❾　解析：考查副词。此处为副词修饰动词。
　 解析：考查冠词。横线处后面为可数名词，此处用不定冠词来修饰名词，表示泛指。故用a。

(2017·安徽省合肥市高三一模)
Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of ____1.the____ most important art forms in China.Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles，but China's is unequaled because of ____2.its____ (it) beauty，grace (优雅)，and history.
The ____3.origins____ (origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown，but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary (传说的) Yellow Emperor (2698－2598 BC)．At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells.Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China under his rule ____4.as_/_into____ one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form.
He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set，____5.making____ (make) it easier for people to learn and master.This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618－907 AD) a new type of cursive script (草书) was formed and standardized.It is written ____6.freely____ (free)，but it's not as easy to read.
Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly ____7.appreciated____(appreciate) across the world.Anyone can practice it and ____8.what____ is required is a simple set including: brush，ink，and paper.It's fun for amateurs to try，but to become good at it，not only years of practice but natural talent ____9.is_needed____ (need)．Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of ____10.benefit____ (benefit) to health.
❶　解析：考查冠词。the most important...意为“最重要的……”，most important是important的最高级形式，最高级前加定冠词the。
❷　解析：考查代词。its是形容词性物主代词，意为“它的”，修饰后面的名词beauty，grace(优雅)，and history。
❸　解析：考查名词。origin是名词，意为“起源”。该空谓语动词为are，根据主谓一致原则，主语要用名词复数形式。
❹　解析：考查介词。unite China as/into one country意为“把中国统一为一个国家”。
❺　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他简化了汉字，设立了法规，使得人们学习变得更容易。“making it easier for people to learn and master”是现在分词作结果状语。
❻　解析：考查副词。freely是副词，修饰动词write。句意：它(草书)书写随意，但读起来并不是那么容易。
❼　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，中国书法再次成为学校里学习的科目，也成为了全世界高度欣赏的一门艺术。“appreciated across the world”是过去分词作定语，修饰an art。an art和appreciate之间是被动关系。
❽　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：任何人都可以练习它(书法)。只需要一套简单的东西：毛笔，墨和纸。“what is required”是主语从句，该从句缺少主语，且表示名词意思“所需要的东西”，故该空填what。
❾　解析：考查时态和语态。主语为natural talent，该空作谓语。主语和need之间是被动关系，且该句介绍的客观事实，故该空要用一般现在时态。
　解析：考查名词。of是介词，后面接名词作宾语。of benefit意为“有益的”，相当于“beneficial”。

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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