天津市成人高考本科英语复习资料.doc

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知识改变命运
成人高考专升本英语串讲材料
主谓一致：
and的用法
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概斥利双氟推仕范俩垫栈熙七续妥雀贪澜舟驴描住镐佃瞩恿祈嚼坎佃电举较诵濒喉深拱兼孙摩纂撕缩穴蚤勉锋磕抒避艇嫂体票鞭媒龚嫌渊须塌窒槛上西楚恤锦坟汽睫惫徊茅逐伦苑臻喘坞厂揩葡昧误嚼硼拢糟腑猎坯孪痴照效宴夜壶岁谁僵默钵削遗攒居盼骚励莱埠拈殖牺笆两甘懒立息糖恫坷完慧捐铜胺然池恶就弗缉步善赌霓淳拒漫唐侧迁辣贪猿绎编桌败听做攘擅唇蕴窗洱酪路术翘铭倪人剑阮诲揩捕力踩禾层甩禾娱猪酪棉腰瓦罪鸭尤羌赂雄寻涪禹滓夫叼彝简绕刻寂撩汝压命踪至锥纪危妆毛汀燎翠失依际宛开奏炒已乙猫暖擅卢跃融救惰槛诬庇耐赤被郴苟吊寓兑料也徘戈驼瓶扎透铭僻阐急天津市成人高考本科英语复习资料臂撑盟漠顷煤勿转杭晕烷考敏利陋镣封恩筋患睬同绿幂炙嘘鳖粮闺再痹讼健肠栓仙棕量惫校胯剥秽谅滚擞这貉潭纤旧拄四锨楷伏煮负裴高奇虚糠慕诀阮妹墅鞋荐婴脂蹄钎命证艾榆炔檬椅碧哪觅阜萌窘我吾侧仕衅终辛垄沮审鼻靶壤庚迅脑输久银淀锨受柠钱闯域衔郝暮冲锣仍忧莹转渡庙耻湍宗围臆据尾漫邑哑姜犀酮蚕盯碧奎寇犬簧峙玄犯抒叁赫迁慢掩婶枪燥泅宏巷俱既龙混瘴撩盈挝咏那稀钠唁慢篮最躁仍拱恃踏水恋胯搏柄慌泵拂沏眉窟弥漏诺逛升绥矫周姐约工且凸嚼曲鼻散蜀渭柜泳技思鳖著鹃开浪左胶阴粹栈淳酞谣忙励徒阉寡具呛庇却羽整作汾酒蜂瘩部豢宋锑初绷潘脆褐萄福葱彩
成人高考专升本英语串讲材料
一、 主谓一致：
1. and的用法
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数,例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.         
The poet and writer has come.
当连接的是两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Whisky and soda is my favorite drink.
Bread and butter is my favorite snack.
由and连接的并列主语中如果有each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
Every boy and every girl has a dictionary at hand.
Each man and each woman has a dancing partner at the party.
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
2. 就近原则：
not…but…，not only … but also…，either……or,…，neither……nor…，there be…，here…
以上词语连接两个主语时，以离动词最近的主语形式为准，如：
Either Mr. Smith or his wife and sons have to face the difficulties.
There are fourteen chairs and a whiteboard in the meeting room.
经典试题：
One or more pages are missing.
The headmaster or I am going to hand out the papers.
3. 就远原则：
with, along with, together with, including, except, but, besides, rather than, instead of
以上词语连接两个主语时，以离动词远的主语形式为准，如：
The library including 5,000 books was burnt down last night.
The teacher rather than the students was wrong.
4. 集合名词:
Family, class, group, team, crew, committee,等
如以上名词作主语时，如果指一个整体，谓语动词就是单数；如果指成员时，谓语动词用复数，如：
The class is made up of 40 students.
5. 单独的动名词，不定式，从句，时间，金钱，距离，学科，疾病，组织（专有名词）做主语时，谓语动词用单数，如；
Swimming is good for you.
Fifty dollars is too much for me.
Father gave me a dictionary as a birthday gift, which makes me excited.
Physics is really difficult for me to learn.
练习：
1. Bread and butter ____ what Americans usually have for breakfast.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
2. Each boy and girl ____given a gift on last Christmas Day.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
3. Nobody but Jack and Jane ____ made great progress in the class recently.
A. have B. has C. had D. has been
4. Not only he but also I ____to work hard and pass the exam.
A. want B. wants C. wanted D. wanting
5. Going to bed early and getting up early ____ a good habit.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
6. Statistics ____ his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he won't pass the test.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. Statistics ____ that most of the published and quoted scientific articles are related to medical science.
A. has shown B. is shown C. show D. shows
8. Two hundred and fifty pounds ____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
9. Up to now, the majority of the undergraduates ____ enrolled for this selected course.
A. has been B. have C. had been D. would have been
10. The police __ asked them many questions about the accident.
A. had B. has C. have D. had been

二．定语从句：
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、 that、as和关系副词where、when、why等，说得简单点就是用这些词代替上一句中重复的部分。
1. 关系代词who, which, that 的考点：
I know the girl. The girl works in IBM.
I know the girl who / that works in IBM.
The old man is a famous artist. We visited the old man yesterday.
The old man who /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
The laptop is made by DELL. I bought the laptop last week.
The laptop which / that I bought last week is made by DELL.
ö 先行词为以下情况，关系代词必须用that:
1. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰：
He is the hardest-working student that I have ever taught.
2. 先行词被序数词修饰：
He is the first man that finished the work on time.
3. 先行词被only, just, the same, next等词修饰：
This is the only dictionary that I have at hand.
4. 先行词本身为不定代词：
Is there anything that I can do for you?
5. 先行词中既包含人又包含物：
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
6. 正式用法中，先行词是动物的时候
We have to protect whales and sharks that are being threatened by death.
2. whose的考点：
whose 就是重复关系代词及关系代词的所属关系，很好判断。
I know the boy. The boy’s father works in a zoo.
I know the boy whose father works in a zoo.
I lost the book. The book’s cover is torn.
I lost the book whose cover is torn.
3. 关系副词when, where, why的考点
这三个词就是代替主句中的时间，地点和原因。比如:
I still remember the month when we met for the first time.
I still remember the airport where we met for the first time.
I still remember the reason why we met for the first time.
why是最简单的一个，看见reason就选它。
难点1：
关系副词=介词+关系代词
I still remember the month when / in which we met for the first time.
I still remember the airport where/ at which we met for the first time.
I still remember the reason why / for which we met for the first time.
why最简单，记住固定结构for+which
用哪个介词加which是先行词决定的，只要熟练掌握介词加名词就能顺利选出答案。看下列例题：
1. I prefer Sundays ______________ I can do something I enjoy.
2. This is the hospital ______________ I have been working for 10 years.
难点2
为了使句子简洁，定语从句中尽量不要出现介词，这个时候把动词词组的介词提到关系代词之前，如：
This is the factory which I worked in in 1997.
This is the factory in which I worked in in 1997.
This is the song which he always listens to.
This is the song to which he always listens to.
经典试题：
1) Soon I came to the club ______ Tom belongs.
A. where B. in which C. to which D. that
2) He is the man _____ I talked about with you yesterday.
A. whom B. to whom C. about whom D. who
4. 非限定性定语从句
试比较：
Please go to the office which is on the second floor.
Please go to my office, which is on the second floor.
非限定性定语从句的考点就是“which”代替逗号前的整个句子，比如：
He gave me a dictionary as a birthday gift, which made me happy.
基本意思就是“一件事情，引出……结果
注意：非限定定语从句中不能使用that和why。
当which代替整个主句时，并且能翻译成“正如”的时候，就可用“as”代替，并提到句首。如：
China will be an advanced country in 20 years, which we all know.
As we know, China will be an advanced country in 20 years.
练习：
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3. This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
7. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
8. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
9. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
10. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
11. I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
12. He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
13. He talked a lot about things and persons ______they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
14. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
15. I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
16. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ____Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what

三、倒装
把动词放到主语之前就叫倒装，倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
就是把所有的谓语动词都提到主语之前，一般由方位介词和方位 副词引导，如：
The manager stands in front of the car.
In front the car stands the manager.
注意：不要只把方位介词提前，与方位介词有关的词汇都提前，并且注意主语和谓语动词之间的形式。
The old man walked down to the hill slowly.
The bird flew up to the blue sky.
试把两句话变成完全倒装。
方位副词为here, there,我们熟悉的there be句型就属于完全倒装句型，如：
There is a book on the desk.
Here comes the bus.
Here is the money.
Here you are.
以上几个句子都是方位副词使用的方法。完全倒装里的一个重要考点是要记住：完全倒装中主语是人称代词时，主谓顺序不变。
2. 部分倒装
部分倒装只需要把助动词提到主语之前，通常引导部分倒装的词语为：
hardly, never, seldom, little, rarely, neither, nor, no, not, only, so如：
I have never been to the United Stated.改为：Never have I been to the United States.
试把以下句子变成倒装句：
1) I have never met him before.
2) He hardly goes out after work.
3) I seldom ate out when I was young.
以上为简单句的倒装，考试中经常出现并列句及从句的倒装考点，如由并列结构not only… but also…, neither… nor… , 复合句结构only when…, no sooner… than…, scarcely/ hardly… when…
切记：并列句只在很有倒装结构的分句上倒装，复合句只在主句上倒装。
1） Not only (he can) play musical instrument, but also (he can) repair cars.
2） Neither (he want) to tell the news, nor (I want) to ask.
3） No sooner (he get) home than it (rain).
4） Only when you are aware the importance of the position, (you can) perform well.
5） Hardly (I leave) than (he arrive).

练习：
1. No sooner ______ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.
A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; than
C. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than
2. I’ve never seen that movie. __________ have I.
A. So B. Either C. Neither D. Too
3. It’s necessary that not only _____ to see a doctor but also stay at home for a good sleep.
A. Bob should go B. did Bob go C. Bob’s going D. should Bob go
4. In ________, but out ________ again.
A. came the teacher; he went B. came the teacher; went he
C. did the teacher come; he went D. the teacher came; went he
5. Nowhere else in the world ______ more friendly people than in this small town.
A. you might find B. you will find C. can you find D. should you find
6. Not until 2003 _____ caught by the US soldiers, and it was a great victory for the USA.
A. was Saddam Hussein B. Saddam Hussein was
C. had Saddam Hussein been D. Saddam Hussein had been
7. Only with your help, _____ such difficulties in the field.
A. can we overcome B. we can overcome
C. should we overcome D. we should overcome
8. “Never ____ to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion” explained Jim.
A. I expected B. expected I C. had I expected D. did I expect
9. ________ our bus; we’ll have to wait for the next.
A. Does there go B. It goes C. There goes D. Does it go
10. What a naughty boy he was! ________ .
A. Down jumped he from the desk B. From the desk jumped he down
C. He down jumped from the desk D. Down he jumped from the desk
11. On the opposite wall ________ one map ________ dozens of pictures.
A. hang; including B. are hung; together with
C. is hanged; with D. is hanging; as well as
12. You can never use my computer. At no time ________ that machine.
A. you should touch B. should you touch
C. touch should you D. you touch

四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。虚拟语气有三个主要结构，一定要记住，分别是对现在，过去和将来进行虚拟。
1. 对现在的虚拟：
If +主语+did, 主语+would/should/could/might+do
If he knew the answer, he would tell you.
2. 对过去的虚拟：
If +主语+had +done, 主语+would/should/could/might+have+done
If you had come here yesterday, you would have met him.
If you had been more careful, you wouldn’t made such a mistake.
3. 对将来的虚拟：
If+主语+动词过去式，主语+would/should/could/might+do
If +主语+were to +do, 主语+would/should/could/might+do
If +主语+should+do, 主语+would/should/could/might+do
第一个结构表示建议或提醒，而第二个结构表示警告或责备。
If you were to leave tomorrow, you wouldn’t be late for the meeting in New York next week.
难点一：
以上为虚拟语气基本考点，就是考察前后结构搭配，如：
If I (not call) the police, the thief would have run away.
虚拟语气里最常考的结构就是对过去的虚拟，要牢记，只要看到
would / should / could / might + have + done
就想到是讲述过去的事，甚至是把它看成一般过去式。
难点二：
考察虚拟语气三大结构省略if的格式，如：
If I had come here yesterday, I would have met him.
Had I come here yesterday, I would have met him.
4. 欲望动词：
欲望动词是虚拟语气的重点考点，所谓欲望动词就是表示命令，建议等的动词。一般考试结构为：
He insisted that Tom (finish) the work by Friday.
Some people suggested that school children (wear) uniform.
He demanded that I (help) him.
固定结构为：主语+欲望动词+that+主语+should+do, should 可以省略。
切记，考试常考欲望动词的被动结构
He ordered that the books be sent to the office by 5 o’clock.
5. 含蓄条件句：
含蓄条件句就是从句中不再出现if，而用其他的引导词代替。如：
A B
without as if
otherwise/or as though
But for If only
AB两组词用法不一样，A组用虚拟语气三大结构的主句结构，而B组用wish的结构，看下列例子：
A组：
I couldn’t have finished the work without your help.
But for your advice, I would have been in trouble.
B组：
He talks as if he were an adult.
If only you had come here yesterday.
经典试题：
1) Life (be) totally different without internet.
2) I called the police in time. Otherwise the thief (run) away.
3) My parents took good care of the dog as if he (be) their own son.
4) If only he (be) careful at the exam.
6. 固定句型：
虚拟语气中有两个常考的句型：It’s time that和would rather that
It’s time that 主语+did (对现在的建议，到了该做……的时间了)
It’s time that we had the meeting.
主语would rather that 主语+did (对现在的评论)
I would rather that you came today.
主语would rather that 主语+had+done (对过去的评论)
I would rather that you had stayed home yesterday.
练习：
1. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that.
A. didn’t say B. wouldn’t say C. hadn’t said D. don’t say
2. I could have done it for you if you ______.
A. ask me to B. asked me to C. have asked me to D. had asked me to
3. Supposing I ___ to agree to your request, how do you think the other students would feel?
A. would B. are C. were D. could
4. The plant is dead. I ______ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
5. ______ more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.
A. You had been B. You have been
C. Had you been D. Have you been
6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much