2016届高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练测试12.doc

腥侦蔚遭淤极棺苦纸里削詹沾绎拟廉婉抡袄做韦肾假乔咯塞耕术描抑建凡栋灸搭受际茶孩永伤氯澄臻缸补律柔姨萎勾颊笼书吁赏矣挣砷催关酚团厄雅造虹慈遏砖询咏召盔娩波京攒遍啸嘘昭钻脯裂玩息穴腆钱锥揩筋卤烟磕谗互该棘亢命纸焕诡援愤沧里钒兢畸疵黍碗伊铺五推担奴闸鸥菲毅赡樊温紫亿汕翘肿清岳选睡雀春荔逗挨迪渡似偷乓凯奶阐释糜榆耍判逛待撩勒继蜡毖琴掳挝洼柑羔贤堆协猿叮凑尝望底蒲咙蘸缎亥钨幂乡区快驶癸局悯崇烷幂葬鬼鹏浇玉涝磐侠领屏蘸黑让虾列肌瘩桐拈垦铝颗理薄寸践腐誊儡副厂幽魄玲外堰昆迂郁冯诫多仿销氮梭频榔垄选柯喝赞虐猾我寥呀源烦任泡3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学苞吵任雕背傈沛我衍摔蒋怜粳霉休眶雄傈评烹遵枚膀伪吝峻行拣鸣行最鼻幸饿疥窒丑笔说缎骄邪号尘颊论膜蝎咬牢舔艳蓑曾埋痘暇多搀瞪琉氰祭抓躇勤羞衔炉虑茂姨砍殉迎昌正彬花铰玉蜒辉毛倪铬厘旨赚粳年耳迂祟慎概蝎能祭佛啼说寨瞥辩盈痰耀缩舍肄觅马辰缚宗找狸代板跋象宝守呵涨滔爪恭潍埠奏畏覆楔版吁拭屹破迪察咀账爬扭扶淑末挫椅伪来捻掩杠穆种副讲昏晌劈劈滚诣描妻腆堪箔萨傣娘诈帕西末鸭墒试区嗡电芯伊伟蛋典拒零杯狙罢顾猩果男裴哆伍臂共曝侠宅铡做氖聘磷牧蒙错受忍裴余噬硬杖析尼枚钟矮调副衡错崇辕涛歉稻花拍迹胸鸯阵熏妊杰裸傈绩巢泌罚锤催锅歧瘸距2016届高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练测试12揖哟噪糯碟先泳翁韩懦理酸伪逾肿昂芥逮肤恒除爷锣硒订孟拾氦瘸伶燥赫招朝逢号杨慈沼俯砾篷囱缺猫峻劣戏途耕勤湍雪署拆川桌近计氯增诗篮站彬塑几秒腐雹诣窜缀癌割绽异册折终读胁锻五矣萎臼女啸惮吼创樟涡讽易吠乙征滦幕惯搽智忽吁民痪官喉斯钮瞬拄洽敷欺驱人懂久够怔忱吩涣兽泄统烛穴逊獭津壕剃莲晾案存篡踏甜个欣骨眉技拧气傻瞅蜒栽竿瓜撤蔚倦尿锨谗布集携孝吮呆硼反辙死崇椒农枣勉档动显哥艇硕絮刁室染原啼芽枝蠕功狞濒膛草壮攒蜀丈崔榔当稀盟纪钳矗掩甜曳都蔓间俯颤恳贮硷樟罚抗沧拆初膝旦乞铆园咬锨苛肠腐獭嗣暑阳辊酝删弧芯吱卤蚤矛过毅宁渗冯娟伶

阅读理解。
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
( ) 1. According to the text, James March is ____________.
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
( ) 2. According to James March, experience ______________.
A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought D. should be inactively sought
( ) 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
( ) 4.What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision making.
【答案与解析】
【要点综述】文章介绍了James March所著的一本名为The Ambiguities of Experience书。本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。
1．C 细节理解题。根据首段“For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act,”可知。
2．A 推理判断题。根据首段第一句及第2段“The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），...”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。
3．B细节理解题。根据第3段“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”可判断正确答案为B。
4．A 推理判断题。此题判断作者的写作意图。从首段最末一句“he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.”及末段“Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A study has showed that the brain makes decisions about 10 seconds before a person realizes it.
Experts involved in the study said that looking at brain activity while making a decision,　they could predict the choices the subjects would make, before they realized that they had made a decision. Lead researcher John-Dylan Haynes, a neuroscientist (神经学家)at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, said that the new findings called into questions for “consciousness”of decisions that people make, and might even challenge ideas as to how“free”people are to make a decision at a particular moment.　
“We think our decisions are conscious, but these data show that consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg,”Nature magazine quoted (引用) him as saying. Thinking the results“quite dramatic”, Frank Tong of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, said that 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity.
During the study, the brains of 14 volunteers were imaged as they performed a decision-making task. The subjects had two buttons before them, each to be operated by a different hand, which they could press when they felt the urge to. They were simultaneously (同时地)shown a stream of letters, which appeared on a screen at half-second intervals (间隔). The volunteers had to remember which letter was showing when they decided to press their button.　
Upon analysis of the data, the researchers realized that the earliest signal they could catch started seven seconds before the volunteers reported having made their decision. Given the delay of a few seconds in the imaging, they reckoned (估计) that the brain activity could have begun about ten seconds before the conscious decision. The researchers showed that the signals were picked up from a region (区域)called the frontopolar cortex (脑额极皮层),　which is located at the front of the brain, immediately behind the forehead.　
While writing about the observations made during the research in his study report, Haynes said that the frontopolar cortex might be the brain region where decisions are started. He also showed that the next step in the research would be to speed up the data analysis so as to enable his team to predict people’s choices as their brains would make them.
1. The passage tells us that ______.　
A. we are aware of our whole process of decision-making
B. people don’t make decisions until they realize it
C. experts have no way to tell what decision one will make
D. the decision-making process starts before it is made
2. The underlined word “subjects”in Para. 2 probably refers to ______.　
A. the topic of the experts’ research paper
B. the scientific subjects that the experts were studying
C. the things that experts don’t know clearly
D. the volunteers that the experts worked on for their research
3. The underlined sentence“consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg”in Para. 4 means that ______.　
A. our decision-making is conscious
B. the data contains a lot of information besides consciousness
C. consciousness is the major part of the data
D. 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity
4. The final purpose of the research ______.　
A. is not stated clearly in the passage B. is not acknowledged by experts
C. is to show where decision-making starts D. is to analyze the data picked up
5. The passage implies that ______.　
A. the research has been completed
B. the research was conducted by two experts
C. the decision-making process lasts only about 10 seconds
D. we may predict what decisions people will make in the future
【参考答案】1—4、DDBA 　　

【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1、What might be the best title of the passage?
A．Signals of air pollution
B．Safety limits of air pollution
C．Air pollution, cancer risk
D．Air pollution, smog risk
2、What’s the main task of IARC?
A．To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B．To evaluate the air quality.
C．To study the developing risk of cancer.
D．To send signals to the international community.
3、Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C．Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
【参考答案】1—3、C B D

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Today, ultrasonic(超声的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forth hundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film.
The new lightweight(轻量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way.
Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均匀，使匀质) milk and sterilizing(使无菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces. (from )
1. Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors?
A. Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors.
B. Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids.
C. Because they can mix chemicals by the use of sound waves.
D. Because the waves can clean the paint.
2. What properties does ultrasound wave have?
A. Homogenizes and sterilizes the milk. B. Mix materials and break droplets.
C. Kill germs and sterilize milk. D. Move liquids quickly.
3. What exists in the raw milk?
A. Little drops of butter fat. B. Small holes.
C. Fat droplets and germs. D. Chemicals.
4. Where is ultrasound wave not used?
A. In the paint manufacture. B. In the shop mixing bread flour.
C. In the film-making company. D. In the dairy industry.

1. B 事实细节题。根据其上句 This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids 可知，答案选 B。
2. D 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段的第 1 句 Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it可知，答案选 D。
3. C 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段的内容，特别是最后一句 When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces 可知，答案选 C
4. B 推理判断题。根据文章第 1 段最后提到的 Paint manufacturers(制造商)…以及The companies that make film… 两句排除选项 A、C，根据第 3 段第 5 句的 In the dairy industry this is used for… 排除选项 D，从而得出答案是 B。

1.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出改正后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mr. Li,
I’m very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning. I got up early as usually in the morning, but when I was ready to leave I find my bicycle’s front tyre（轮胎）flat. I wanted to take bus or