高二英语上学期单元质量评估检测试题27.doc

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Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P49])

动作动词和状态动词
动作动词与状态动词的分类
动词按其词汇意义可分为状态动词(state verbs)和动作动词(activity verbs)。动作动词表示一种运动状态，绝大多数动词都是动作动词。状态动词则表示相对静止的状态。
1．动作动词
动作动词既可用于进行时态，也可用于一般时态。动作动词大体可分为三类：

表示延续性动作的动词
work，drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，carry，fly，watch等
该类动词用一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的动作；用现在进行时表示目前或者现在正在进行的动作
表示短暂性动作的动词
break，open，close，join，jump，hit，knock等
该类动词用一般现在时表示现在一次性的动作；若用现在进行时则表示此短暂动作的多次重复。短暂性动词又称非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用
表示转变或者移动的动词
arrive，change，come，go，leave，start，land等
该类动词用一般现在时表示按时间表或者日程安排的将来；用现在进行时表示按计划、打算的将来
He reads English in the garden at 5：30 every morning.
他每天早晨5点半在花园里读英语。(延续性动词read用一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的动作)
He is watching a football match on TV.
他正在看电视上的足球赛。(延续性动词watch用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作)
Listen！Someone is knocking at the front door.
听！有人在敲前门。(非延续性动词knock用现在进行时表示knock动作的重复)
Hurry up！Our plane takes off at 8：30.
快点！我们的航班8点半起飞。(表示移动的动词take off用一般现在时表示按时间表或者日程安排的将来)
Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts.Our plane is taking off soon.女士们，先生们，请系好安全带。我们的航班马上起飞了。(表示移动的动词take off用现在进行时表示按计划、打算的将来)
2．状态动词
状态动词表示相对静止的状态，一般不可用于进行时态。常用的状态动词大体可分为三类。

表示感觉、感知的动词
feel，see，taste，smell，hear，sound，seem等
表示心理状态、喜好的动词
understand，think，suppose，believe，know，want，forget，remember，hate，admire，fear，care，like，prefer，regret，hope，object等
表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组，该类动词或动词词组往往不用于进行时态
belong to，consist of，contain，cost，include，involve，lack，have，matter，need，want，possess，measure等
Do you hear someone walking about in the next room?
你听到隔壁房间里有人在走来走去吗？(hear为表示感知、感觉的状态动词)
I believe hard work will pay off sooner or later.
我相信努力工作迟早会得到回报的。(believe为表示心理状态的状态动词)
As is known to all，Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。(belong to为表示拥有关系的状态动词词组，不用于进行时态)
限制性和非限制性定语从句
一、定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，限制性定语从句不能与主句分开；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house，which we bought last month，is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
[温馨提示]　(1)在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who，whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which，不能用that。
(2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句的which，as可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。
Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation.液态水变为水蒸气，这就叫作蒸发。
Dave’s always really rude，which is why people tend to avoid him(＝and this is why people tend to avoid him)．
戴夫总是很粗鲁，所以人们总是躲着他。
As I said earlier(＝And I said this earlier)，this research has just started.正如我之前说过的，这项研究才刚刚开始。
[温馨提示]

as
which
语义的区别
当主句和从句语义一致时
当主句和从句语义转折不一致时
位置的区别
句首或句中
句中
含义的区别
有“正如”的含义
没有此含义

(1)在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略，且关系代词whom不能用who替换。例如：
He’s the guy(who/whom/that)I was talking about.
他就是我说的那个人。
I spent two hours talking to Kaz，whom I’d met only once before.
我和卡兹谈了两个小时，我和她以前只见过一次面。
(2)关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“原因”，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语的非限制性定语从句中用for which而不能用why。例如：
No one knows the real reason，for which he was put into prison.他为什么进了监狱，没人知道真正的原因。
二、非限制性定语从句的应用场合
当关系代词作复合介词的宾语时。
He had his right leg broken in playing football，because of which he couldn’t attend school.
他在踢足球时伤了右腿，因为这而不能上学。
当关系代词作of的宾语，且of前有数词、代词或名词时。
I have three foreign teachers，two of whom are from Canada.我有三位外籍教师，其中两位来自加拿大。
当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属时。
My sister，who works in Shanghai，sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作，她几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(我只有一个姐姐)。

Ⅰ.完成句子
1．他开会时总保持沉默。
He always________________at the meeting.
玛丽天天写日记。
Mary________________every day.
2．这房间有五米宽。
The room________________________________________________________________________.
我们测量了距离。
We ________________．
3．这种布手感很软。
This kind of cloth________________．
他摸摸布看看它的质量。
He________________to see its quality.
4．她没多长时间就富了。
She________________within a short time.
稻子生长在气候温暖的地区。
Rice________________．
5．我妈妈尝了尝汤，露出了满意的微笑。
My mother________________and wore a satisfied smile.
这药有苦味。
The medicine________________．
答案：1.keeps silent；keeps a diary　2.measures five metres across；measured the distance　3.feels very soft；felt the cloth　4.grew rich；grows in warm areas　5.tasted the soup；tastes bitter
Ⅱ.根据句意，用适当的关系代词与关系副词填空
1．Charles Smith，____________was my former teacher，retired last year.
2．China is a country____________has a large population.
3．This story，____________I have told you three times，is very touching.
4．They always like to talk about the persons and the things____________they see on the road.
5．They rushed over to help the man____________car had broken down.
6．There are occasions____________one must yield.
7．This is the reason____________he refused to attend our party.
8．____________we know，smoking is harmful to our health.
9．He seems not to have grasped what I meant，____________greatly upsets me.
10．I have got into the same trouble____________he (has)．
答案：1.who　2.which/that　3.which　4.that　5.whose
6．when/on which　7.why/for which　8.As　9.which
10．As

,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P51])

如何写说明文

写法指导
一、说明文的写作步骤
说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下：
第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；
第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各个要点以完整的句子表达出来；
第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。使用过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭；
第四步：归纳结尾，对文章的主题作归纳总结，往往与开头部分前后呼应，从而使文章的结构趋于完整。
二、说明文的写作类型
1．人物介绍
简要地介绍某个人的情况，叫作人物介绍。随着社会的发展，人们对信息的输出和输入愈来愈重视。在学习、工作和生活中，常要介绍自己、推销自己或宣传他人，都要作人物介绍。写人物介绍，首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据目的需要选取内容，简明扼要而且突出重点地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。
人物介绍一般包括以下几点：
(1)出生年月
(2)主要经历
(3)事迹成就
(4)影响、评价
叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外表到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。
2．事物、地点介绍
当我们对某个事物的性质、状态、特点、成因、功能和用途等作介绍时，当我们把某一地点介绍给别人时，写出来的文字材料就叫做事物、地点介绍。
对于地点的介绍，常采用地点的空间方位作为介绍的顺序。它能把复杂的地理位置通过分层说明详尽而有条理地解说清楚，给读者一个具体清晰的印象。
根据说明地点的结构特点，介绍顺序一般有定位观察顺序和移位观察顺序。
(1)定位观察顺序
先确定一个固定的观察点，然后或上或下，或左或右，或远或近，按合理的顺序，从不同的方位、角度介绍说明地点。
(2)移位观察顺序
一般按作者的浏览顺序，依次设立一个个观察点，逐步逐层对介绍的地点进行介绍。
常用句式
1．It is located/situated in...
2．It lies between...and...
3．In front of it is...，with...
4．On its left and...，on its right...
5．Turning to the left，you will see...
6．Walking past...，the building that appears in front of you is...
7．Opposite to the...stands...
8．The door on your left leads you to...

写作要求
假设有外国友人到你校参观后准备去旅游。请根据要点向他们简单介绍万泉河(Wanquan River)。
1．万泉河是海南岛第三长河，发源于五指山(the Five­finger Mountain)，全长163公里，流入南海。
2．是海南著名的旅游胜地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。
3．乘汽车去大约要花半个小时；也可以走路或骑自行车去。
4．可以在河上泛舟戏水，欣赏两岸秀丽的风光。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．请不要逐字翻译。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
万泉河
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①第三长河　　____________________
②参观 ____________________
③远离 ____________________
④步行 ____________________
⑤划船 ____________________
答案：①the third longest river　②pay a visit to　③far from　④on foot　⑤go boating
2．句式
①万泉河全长163公里，是海南的第三长河。
一般表达：Wanquan River is 163 kilometres and is the third longest river in Hainan.
高级表达：(用which定语从句改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②乘汽车你需要花费大约半个小时到达那里。
一般表达：You will spend about half an hour getting there by bus.
高级表达：(用It takes...句型改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Wanquan River，which is 163 kilometres，is the third longest river in Hainan.
②It takes you about half an hour to get there by bus.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Wanquan River, which is 163 kilometres，is the third longest river in Hainan.It begins in the Five­finger Mountain and enters the South China Sea.It is so famous that every year thousands of Chinese and foreign friends pay a visit to it.It’s not far from here.It takes you about half an hour to get there by bus.You can also go there on foot or by bike.While you are visiting the river，you can go boating on the clear water and enjoy the beautiful view along the banks.It’s really a nice place and well worth visiting.
,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书单独成册])

课时作业8　(A卷)

Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The house that he is living in____________ (belong) to my father.
2．This computer ____________ (cost) 2，000 dollars.Is it expensive?
3．These apples____________ (taste) delicious and I have eaten five of them.
4．Look at the kite! How high it ____________ (fly)!
5．The president ____________ (arrive) at the airport at five o’clock yesterday.
6．____________ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
7．This is the room____________ my grandmother used to live.
8．China has hundreds of islands, the largest of ____________ is Taiwan.
9．The old man has two daughters, both of ____________ work as doctors.
10．The expected results for ____________ he had worked hard seemed hopeless to him.
答案：1.belongs　2.cost　3.taste　4.is flying　5.arrived
6．As　7.where　8.which　9.whom　10.which
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
In 1997，a group of twenty British women made history.Working in five teams with four women in each team，they walked to the North Pole.Apart from one experienced female guide，the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before.They managed to survive in an environment which had defeated several very experienced men during the same period.
The women set off as soon as they were ready.Once on the ice，each woman had to ski along while dragging a sledge(雪橇)weighting over 50 kilos.This would not have been too bad on a smooth surface，but for long distances，the Arctic ice is pushed up into huge piles two or three meters high，and the sledges had to be pulled up one side and carefully let down the other so that they didn’t become damaged.The temperature was always below the freezing point and sometimes strong winds made walking while pulling so much weight almost impossible.It was also very difficult for them to put up their tents when they stopped each night.
In such conditions，the women were making good progress if they covered fourteen or fifteen kilometers a day.But there was another problem.Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving water underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift back more than five kilometers during the night.That meant after walking in these very severe conditions for ten hours one day，they had to spend part of the next day covering the same ground again.Furthermore，each day it took three hours from waking up to setting off and another three hours every evening to set up the camp and prepare the evening meal.
So，how did they manage to succeed？They realized that they were part of a team.If any one of them didn’t pull her sledge or get her job done，she would endanger the success of the whole expedition.Any form of selfishness could result in the efforts of everyone else being completely wasted，so personal feelings had to be put to one side.At the end of their journey，the women agreed that it was mental effort far more than physical fitness that got them to the North Pole.
【解题导语】　文章叙述了英国一群妇女去北极探险。
1．What was so extraordinary about the expedition?
A．There was no one to lead it.
B．The women did not have any men with them.
C．It was a new experience for most of the women.
D．The women had not met one another before.
解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第一段提到了在探险队中只有一个有经验的导游，其他人以前从来没有做过类似的事情。
2．On the expedition，the women had to be careful to avoid________．
A．falling over on the ice
B．being left behind
C．damaging the sledges
D．getting too cold at night
解析：选C。细节理解题。与题干相关的原文是第二段“the sledges had to be pulled up one side and carefully let down the other so that they didn’t become damaged.”其中的they指的是the sledges。
3．It was difficult for the women to cover 15 kilometers a day because________．
A．they got too tired
B．the temperature was too low
C．they kept getting lost
D．the ice was moving
解析：选D。细节理解题。第三段一开头就说，“要是这些妇女一天能走14或15千米，也算是取得了很好的进展”，但在实际上“存在另一个问题”，接下来讲的就是这个问题(Part of the journey...night)。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Teamworks achieve goals.
B．Women can do anything they want.
C．It is sometimes good to experience difficult conditions.
D．Arctic conditions are very severe.
解析：选A。主旨大意题。在文章的最后一段中点明了本文的中心思想(mental effort far more than physical fitness)，而这种mental effort指的就是团队精神(They realized that they were part of a team)。
B
I once thought that outer beauty is the only factor to become a great person.When I was young, I read many kinds of books, most of which described characters who are handsome or beautiful.So I think that being beautiful is the only way to become a success.
As I grew up，the story of my best friend made me realize that outer beauty was not so important to make a person successful.She is so beautiful a girl that every classmate liked to chat with her, but she was very arrogant(傲慢)．In her opinion, she could get all she wanted because of her beauty, but all of her friends left her one by one! Only then did she come to know the importance of the beauty in a person’s heart, which changed her attitude and she made friends again.
Turning on TV，we can see many advertisements, most of which seem to give us a feeling that, physical attractiveness is the most important thing.There_seems_to_be_a_boom_in_plastic_surgery．It is surprising that more and more people，especially girls and women, try it like the first man­made beauty in China, Hao Lulu.It is a common sense that attractive people can easily find work.Most good looking guys, usually get higher scores in the job interviews.But, what is real beauty? I want to say that is inner beauty because those who have beauty in their soul are really beautiful persons.
As is known, the beauty judged with eyes is temporary, so we should concentrate on inner beauty.And if we make the efforts to make our minds beautiful, we’ll live a happier life.
【解题导语】　作者受小说的影响，非常重视外在的美，以为只要漂亮就能成为一个成功的人，面试中也能得高分，这也正是整容手术越来越繁荣的原因，而朋友的经历使作者深刻的认识到， 内在美才是真正的美。
5．Why did the author want to have a good appearance whe