高三英语第一轮精炼复习题18.doc

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Unit 4 Global warming
Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦
1． vt.　　 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
2． adj. 胡乱的；任意的
3． n. 现象
4． n. 燃料
5． n. 量；数量
6． vi. 趋向；易于；照顾
　 vt. 照顾；护理
consume
random
phenomenon
fuel
quantity
tend
7． n. 资料；数据
8． n. 趋势；倾向；走向
9． n. 大灾难；浩劫
10． vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
11． adj. 反对的；独立的
12． adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
13． n. 结果；后果；影响
14． vt. 陈述；说明
15． n. 种类；范围
16． vi. 看一下；扫视
　 　 n. 一瞥
data
trend
catastrophe
oppose
opposed
mild
consequence
state
range
glance
17． adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的
18． adj. 平均的
19． n. 生存；存在
20． vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
21． adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
22． n. 环境；情况
23． n. 贡献
24． n. 分歧；不一致
steady
average
existence
advocate
casual
circumstance
contribution
disagreement
Ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1．come 发生；造成
2．subscribe 同意，赞成，订阅
3．go 上升； 增长；升起
4．be to 反对……
5．keep 继续
6． the whole 大体上；基本上
7．on 平均来看
　 average 低于/高于平均水平
8．put with 忍受；容忍
about
to
up
opposed
on
on
average
below/above
up
9．and so 等等
10． of 大量的
11．result 导致
12．even 甚至
13．on of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
14．so as 只要
on
quantities
in
if
behalf
long
Ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
[信息提取]　there’s no doubt that...意为“……是毫无疑问的”。
[例句仿写]　毫无疑问，北京奥运会是一个巨大成功。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________Beijing Olympics was a great success.
【答案】　There is no doubt that
2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
[信息提取]　even if即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句，与even though近义。
[例句仿写]　即使受到邀请我也不去参加他的晚会。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I will not go to his party.
【答案】　Even if I am invited
3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off!
[信息提取]　so long as＝as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。
[例句仿写]　只要你有自信，你会获胜的。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you’ll win.
【答案】　So long as you have confidence in yourself
4．It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.
[信息提取]　句中take作为“需要”讲，常用于It takes...to do...结构。
[例句仿写]　要想成为一名长跑运动员，需要有体力和耐力。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________a long­distance runner.
【答案】　It takes strength and patience to be
quantity n．量；数量
(1)in quantity (＝in large amounts)/in large quantities大量地
It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.
如果你大量购买要便宜得多。
My brother bought a large quantity of books.
我弟弟买了大量的书。
There are large quantities of rain in this area.
这个地区的雨量很大。
Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。
a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。
1．(2009年福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted　　　　 B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
【解析】　句意为：——这湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。
【答案】　D
oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.
反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.
他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
I oppose you/your going there alone.
我反对你单独去那儿。
(2)be opposed to...反对……；与……对立
She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.
她好像很反对你出国。
To be honest，I am opposed to your plan.
说实话，我反对你的计划。
average
(1)adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班级男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
There is nothing special about him，he is very average.
他没有什么特别的，他非常普通。
(2)n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准

My school work is well above average.
我的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。
On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.
平均看来，男子比女子吸烟多。
2．Don’t expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of________intelligence.
A．average B．slight
C．strange D．different
【解析】　根据前句“不要对他期望太大”。可以推断，这个孩子智力水平一般。
【答案】　A
glance
(1)vi.看一下；扫视

He glanced over his shoulder nervously.他紧张地回头张望。
He glanced over the morning paper and went out.
他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。
(2)n.一瞥；匆匆一看

I could see at a glance that it wasn’t his own work.
我一眼就看出这不是他本人的作品。
I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
3．After a quick________at the patient，the doctor rang for an ambulance.
A．glance B．glare
C．gaze D．stare
【解析】　句意为：在看了病人一眼之后，医生打电话叫了救护车。glance扫视，匆匆一看，一瞥。
【答案】　A
circumstance环境；情况(常用复数)

In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.
在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。
In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。
Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study.
情况允许的话，我要出国学习。
4．Under no circumstances________to move to a new place far away from her workplace，because it isn’t convenient for her family and herself.
A．Karen will agree B．will Karen agree
C．Karen will disagree D．will Karen disagree
【解析】　句意为：因为对于Karen和她的家庭来说搬到远离她的工作地点去住是太不方便，所以她决不同意搬家。题中因为under no circumstances(决不)这一否定短语开头，故此应用倒装结构，排除A、C。根据句意可以排除D选项。
【答案】　B
come about产生；发生；没有被动式，有时用it作形式主语，后面跟that引导的主语从句。
The driver wouldn’t tell me how the accident came about.
司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。
I’ll never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。
辨析：come about，happen，take place与break out
(1)come about 发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。
How did these differences come about?
这些差别是怎样产生的？
(2)happen 发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。
Luckily the earthquake didn’t happen in the center of the city.
幸亏地震没有发生在市中心。
(3)take place 发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。
Great changes have taken place in our school in the past few years.最近几年我们学校发生了很大变化。
(4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。
A fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了火灾。
5．It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it________that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
【解析】　句意为“已经十点钟了。我不知道是怎么回事，这么短的路程她迟到了两个小时”。come over来访；come out出来，出版；come about发生，出现；come up出现，到来。
【答案】　C
result in导致，主语为起因，宾语为结果。
The accident resulted in two deaths.
这场事故导致两人死亡。
Our efforts resulted in success.我们的努力终于成功了。
(1)result from...由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result结果
(3)as a result of...由于……的结果
(4)without result没有结果；白费
The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.
那桩可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。
He was late as a result of the rain.由于下雨他迟到了。
We tried hard，but without result.
我们尽了很大努力，但白费了。
6．Any damage________carelessness must be paid for by the borrower.
A．resulting from B．resulting in
C．resulted from D．resulted in
【解析】　根据句子结构可排除C、D两项。句意为“由于疏忽所引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿”。result in导致，致使；result from起因于。
【答案】　A
put up with意为“忍受；容忍”，既可接人，也可接事物。
I don’t know how his parents put up with his bad behaviour.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的恶劣行为的。
She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙。
I won’t put up with her rudeness any longer!
我再也不会容忍她的粗鲁无理了。
stand，bear，tolerate忍受，容忍
He can’t stand being laughed at in public.
他忍受不了在公众场合被嘲笑。
7．I can________some noise while I’m studying，but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A．put up with B．get rid of
C．have effects on D．keep away from
【答案】　A
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that...是一样的。
(1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。
(2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句 。
①There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。
②There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.
毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。
③I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。
There’s some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.
他是否胜任这项工作有点疑问。
④He doubts if she will keep her word.
他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。
⑤I don’t doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race.
我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。
8．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________a cure for AIDS will be found.
A．which B．what
C．that D．whether
【解析】　There is no doubt that...为固定搭配，意为“……是毫无疑问的”。
【答案】　C
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
(1)so long as＝as long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。
You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。
So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself，you’ll win.只要你有自信，你会获胜的。
as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。
as long as还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。
We need a rope as long as 30 metres.
我们需要一条30米长的绳子。
9．(2009年北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
【解析】　句意为：你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as远到；就……而言；so long as只要；in case以防(万一)；even if即使。
【答案】　B
10．(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun，sea and beach.
A．as if B．as long as
C．now that D．in order that
【解析】　句意为：——暑假有什么打算？——去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像；now that既然；in order that为了，不符合语境要求。
【答案】　B
11．(2008年安徽卷)—Do you have a minute？I’ve got something to tell you.
—OK，________you make it short.
A．now that B．if only
C．so long as D．every time
【解析】　句意为：——你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。——好的，只要长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然；由于，引导原因状语从句；if only要是……就好了，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as只要，表示条件；every time每次；每当，表示时间。
【答案】　C
(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式
I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.
我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。
Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.
有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。
(1)if so如果这样
Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。
(2)if any若有
Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。
(3)if necessary如果有必要
Take this camera with you，if necessary.
如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！
12．(2008年安徽卷)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever B．If busy
C．If anything D．If possible
【解析】　句意为：“你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排吗？”“是的。有可能的话，我将去市里的几家老人院看看。”if ever 如果曾经，如：We see them very seldom，if ever.我们难得见到他们。if possible有可能的话。由句意可知D项正确。
【答案】　D
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There are large________(数量) of rain in the area of the country every summer.
【答案】　quantities
2．Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into________(存在)．
【答案】　existence
3．The________(数据) is still being analysed.So don’t be so worried.
【答案】　data
4．The earthquake was a terrible________(大灾难)．
【答案】　catastrophe
5．A rainbow is a natural________(现象) especially after a heavy rain.
【答案】　phenomenon
Ⅱ.情景交际
1．—Whose advice do you think I should follow?
—________
A．No problem. B．Come on!
C．It’s up to you. D．Well，that’s life.
【解析】　考查交际用语。从题意不难看出符合本题语境的是It’s up to you，意思是“由你来决定”。
【答案】　C
2．—May I take your order now?
—________.
A．No，I’m in trouble now
B．Yes，we obey orders
C．Yes，I’d like a dish of chicken
D．No，do what you please
【解析】　考查交际用语。本题的关键是理解语境。“May I take your order now？”表示“现在请您点菜好吗”，显然选项C符合语境。
【答案】　C
3．—I’m too excited to say one word.
—________.
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed
B．The dream really comes true
C．Out of sight，out of mind
D．Think twice before you do
【解析】　考查交际用语。The dream really comes true意为“美梦成真”，符合语境。
【答案】　B
4．—At lunch time，I’d like to have a chat with you.
—________Have what with me?
A．I apologize. B．Pardon?
C．I see. D．Forgive me.
【解析】　考查交际用语。从下一句话Have what with me？可看出，这里表示没有听清楚，请求再说一遍，故选“Pardon？”。
【答案】　B
5．—Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
—________.I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.
A．No way B．Not really
C．I don’t agree D．I couldn’t agree more
【解析】　考查交际用语。根据题中的“I’ve been studying a lot...”可知说话人并没有一直在玩游戏，因此选择Not really，在口语中相当于No。No way表示“没门”，用来拒绝对方的请求。C项与D项都是对方征求意见时的应答语。
【答案】　B
Ⅲ.巧思妙解
1．(2009年福建俊民中学模拟)—How did it________that you made such a silly mistake?
—I myself haven’t figured it out yet.
A．bring about B．come about
C．come across D．come on
【解析】　句意为：——你怎么会犯如此愚蠢的错误？——连我自己都还没弄明白。B.形成，产生。A.造成，引起；C.偶然发现；D.改进，加油。
【答案】　B
2．—Have you________some new ideas?
—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
【解析】　句意为：——你提出了什么新想法吗？——噢，以后我会告诉你的。
【答案】　C
3．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．come up with D．go through with
【解析】　句意为：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行……诺言。根据句意选C。
【答案】　C
4．Son，there is no________to worry.Everything will just go fine.
A．need B．difference
C．point D．doubt
【解析】　句意为：儿子，没必要担心。一切都会好起来的。There is no doubt需加that从句，表示“……是不容置疑的”。There is no point in doing something做某事没有价值、意义；There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事；There is no difference没有差别、区别。
【答案】　A
5．—They used to be good friends but now they are like strangers.
—How________this________？
A．was；come about B．did；come about
C．was；taken place D．was；happened
【答案】　B
Ⅳ.语法专练
本单元语法—it的用法(Ⅱ)
1．(2009年石家庄市高中毕业班复习教学质量检测)I still remember how many years ago________I last met her in the countryside.
A．when it was B．was it that
C．when was it D．it was that
【解析】　考查强调句型。remember后的部分是宾语从句，从句中含有一个强调句型，被强调部分是how many years ago。
【答案】　D
2．(2009年东北三校第一次联考)We have made________clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
【解析】　考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。
【答案】　C
3．(2009年东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a well­equipped greenhouse find________hard to survive in the wild.
A．it B．that
C．so D．very
【解析】　在think/feel/find等词后，常接it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，所以答案为A。其实，该句还可以转换为：Flowers growing in a wel