2018届高考英语知识点强化训练9.doc

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必修一 Unit 5阅读理解·组块专练——练速度
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·成都外国语学校3月模拟)I’m seventeen. I had worked as a box boy at a supermarket in Los Angeles. People came to the counter and you put things in their bags for them and carried things to their cars. It was hard work.
While working, you wear a plate with your name on it. I once met someone I knew years ago. I remembered his name and said, “Mr Castle, how are you？” We talked about this and that. As he left, he said, “It was nice talking to you, Brett.” I felt great, for he remembered me. Then I looked down at my name plate. Oh, no. He didn’t remember me at all; he just read the name plate. I wish I had put “Irving” down on my name plate. If he’d have said, “Oh yes, Irving, how could I forget you？” I’d have been ready for him. There’s nothing personal here.
The manager and everyone else who were a step above the box boys often shouted orders. One of these was: you couldn’t accept tips. Okay, I’m outside and I put the bags in the car. For a lot of people, the natural reaction is to take a quarter and give it to me. I’d say, “I’m sorry, I can’t.” They’d get angry. When you give someone a tip, you’re sort of being polite. You take a quarter and you put it in their hand and you expect them to say, “Oh, thanks a lot.” When you say, “I’m sorry, I can’t.” They feel a little put_down. They say, “No one will know.” And they put it in your pocket. You say, “I really can’t.” It gets to a point where you almost have to hurt a person physically to prevent him from tipping you. It was not in agreement with the store’s belief in being friendly. Accepting tips was a friendly thing and made the customer feel good. I just couldn’t understand the strangeness of some people’s ideas.
One lady actually put it in my pocket, got in the car, and drove away. I would have had to throw the quarter at her or eaten it or something.
I had decided that one year was enough. Some people needed the job to stay alive and fed. I guess I had the means and could afford to hate it and give it up.

1．What can be the best title for this text?
A．How Hard Life Is for Box Boys
B．Getting along with Customers
C．Why I Gave up My Job
D．The Art of Taking Tips
解析：选C　标题归纳题。通过阅读全文可知，作者在超市工作时有顾客给小费，他认为接受小费是一种礼貌行为；但是经理不允许他收小费，这使得作者很为难，最后作者放弃了这份工作。C项概括了全文主旨，适合做本文的标题。
2．From the second paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A．the writer didn’t like the impersonal part of his job
B．with a name plate, people can easily start talking
C．Mr Castle mistook Irving for Brett
D．Irving was the writer’s real name
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段第九句“He didn’t remember me at all; he just read the name plate.”可知，顾客之所以能叫出作者的名字，是因为他身上佩戴了写有名字的名牌。同时由第二段最后一句“There’s nothing personal here.”可推知，作者应该是不喜欢自己的工作缺乏人情味这一点。故选A。
3．The box boy refused to accept tips because ________.
A．customers only gave small tips
B．some customers had strange ideas about tipping
C．the store didn’t allow the box boys to take tips
D．he didn’t want to fight with the customers
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“One of these was: you couldn’t accept tips.”可知，公司不允许接受小费，所以作者拒绝收客人的小费。故选C。
4．The underlined phrase “put down” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．
A．misunderstood　　　　 　B．defeated
C．hateful D．hurt
解析：选D　词义猜测题。文中第三段提及，如果作者不接受客人的小费，客人会很不高兴，且由“It gets to a point ... prevent him from tipping you.”的提示可推知，put down的意思应为“受伤害”，与hurt意思相近。故选D。
B
(2016·莱芜一中高三段考)Many experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had.
He was known for making movies that offered sharp social
comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this. Between the middle 1930s and the 1980s, Billy Wilder made almost fifty movies. During that time he received more than twenty nominations (提名) from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He won six of the Oscar awards. His movies have been seen by people around the world.
In 1944, Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity. Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors. Wilder directed The Lost Weekend in 1945. Ray Milland plays the part of an alcoholic writer in the movie. It shows that alcohol rules his life, yet he does not admit it. He hides alcohol in his home and says he is not drinking.
In 1950, Wilder made Sunset Boulevard. This movie told of an aging actress in silent movies. She plans to return to movies though facing many problems. In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The next year, Wilder’s first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was Seven Year Itch. In this movie, a married mailman wants to cheat on his wife with some of his friends. In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. It was Some Like It Hot. It tells about two jazz musicians being chased by criminals. They decide to wear women’s clothes and join a band in which all the musicians were women.
Wilder died in March, 2002. He was ninety­five. A current Hollywood producer said: “Billy Wilder made movies that people will never forget.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国著名的电影导演Billy Wilder(比利·怀尔德)的电影制作成就。
5．The text is mainly about ________.
A．the background of American movies
B．the development of American movies
C．Wilder’s attitude to American movies
D．Wilder’s achievements in American movies
解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据文章首段和各段的首句可知，本文主要介绍的是美国电影导演Billy Wilder的电影制作成就。
6．What was Wilder famous for according to Para. 2?
A．His unique style of making movies.
B．Sharp remarks on society in his movies.
C．More than twenty awards he received.
D．Almost fifty movies he produced himself.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知Billy Wilder擅长制作尖锐评论社会的电影，这是他出名的原因。

7．Which of the following made Wilder among the greatest Hollywood directors?
A．Double Indemnity.　　　 　B．Sunset Boulevard.
C．The Lost Weekend. D．Some Like It Hot.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“1944年，Billy Wilder制作了电影《双倍赔偿》，这部电影使他跻身于好莱坞著名导演的行列。”可知选A。
8．The text is developed mainly by ________.
A．following time order B．making comparisons
C．analyzing exact data D．giving instructions
解析：选A　篇章结构题。根据各段的年份可知，本文是按时间顺序来组织的。
C
(2016·衡水一中高三模拟)In the US, the potato is one of the most widely consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fast­food burger joints and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US when Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during his presidency from 1801 to 1809. Potato chips are popular with consumers as well.
The humble potato is more than just a kind of food. In many ways it’s part of American pop culture. Let’s take a look at some pop culture potatoes.
Mashed Potato dance
The Mashed Potato dance is a craze that began in 1962. The name of the dance came from the song it accompanies, Mashed Potato Time, performed by American R&B singer Dee Dee Sharp. The move vaguely resembles that of the Twist dance style, by Sharp’s fellow, Philadelphian, Chubby Checker.
Hot Potato
Hot Potato is an action puzzle video game released in 2001. In the game the player must drive a bus and clear the road of alien potato beings. The potato beings are either red or blue; when two same­color potatoes touch each other, they disappear. Over the years, Hot Potato has received mostly positive reception from critics.
Mr. Potato Head
Mr. Potato Head is an American toy invented by George Lerner in 1949. The toy consists of a plastic potato model and a variety of plastic parts like hands, feet, ears and mouths. In 1952, Mr. Potato Head became the first toy advertised on television. This commercial revolutionized marketing and caused a boom that solidified this toy’s place in American pop culture.

9．Which is the newest to American pop culture?
A．French fries. B．Mashed Potato dance.
C．Hot Potato. D．Mr. Potato Head.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据这几个时间：1801至1809年、1962年、1949年和2001年可知，应选择C。
10．What can we infer from the text?
A．French fries were popular in the US when first served in the White House.
B．Mashed Potato Time came from Mashed Potato dance.
C．Players can play Hot Potato on their phone.
D．Mr. Potato Head can be taken apart.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The toy consists of a plastic potato model and a variety of plastic parts like hands, feet, ears and mouths.”可推知，Mr. Potato Head可以被拆分，因此应选择D。
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Enjoy American Fast Food
B．Have Fun with Potatoes
C．Different Uses of Potatoes
D．American Food Culture
解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲了土豆不再只是食物，它有很深刻的文化韵味，产生了很多有趣的流行文化，因此应选择B。
D
(2016·郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)“A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website” is the definition of “selfie” in the Oxford English Dictionary. In fact, it wasn’t even in the dictionary until August of 2013. It earned its place there because people are now so obsessed with (对……痴迷) selfies — we take them when we try on a new hat, play with our pets or when we meet a friend whom we haven’t seen in a while.
But is there any scientific explanation for this obsession? Well, you should probably ask James Kilner, a neuroscientist (神经系统科学家) at University College London.
Through our lifetime we become experts at recognizing and interpreting other people’s faces and facial expressions. In contrast, according to Kilner, we have a very poor understanding of our own faces since we have little experience of looking at them — we just feel them most of the time.
This has been proved in previous studies, according to the BBC.
Kilner found that most people chose the more attractive picture. This suggests that we tend to think of ourselves as better­looking than we actually are. To further test how we actually perceive our own faces, Kilner carried out another study. He showed people different versions of their own portrait — the original, one that had been edited to look less attractive and one that was made more attractive — and asked them to pick the version which they thought looked most like them. They chose the more attractive version.
But what does it say about selfies? Well, isn’t that obvious? Selfies give us the power to create a photograph — by taking it from various angles, with different poses, using filters (滤色镜) and so on — that better matches our expectations with our actual faces.
“You suddenly have control in a way that you don’t have in non­virtual (非虚拟的) interactions，” Kilner told the Canada­based CTV News. Selfies allow you “to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you’re happy with”， he explained.

12．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The definition and fun of taking selfies.
B．A study of why people love taking selfies.
C．How taking selfies influences people’s daily lives.
D．How to interpret people’s facial expressions in their selfies.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从不同角度分析了人们喜欢自拍的原因。故B项正确。
13．The underlined word “perceive” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．
A．interpret　　　　　　 　B．beautify
C．choose D．explain
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，大多数人选择的是更有魅力的照片，这表明我们都喜欢把自己想象得比实际更漂亮一些。为了进一步测试我们实际上如何“认知”自己的脸部，Kilner又进行了另一项研究，即把不同的照片进行编辑，一张忠实于本人，一张更具魅力，他们往往会选择后者。此处perceive与下文中的“thought”相照应，意为“理解，认知”。故A项正确。
14．What did Kilner discover from his researches?
A．People interpret others’ facial expressions worse than their own.
B．People tend to spend more time looking at their faces than at others’.
C．People tend to believe they look more attractive than they actually are.
D．People who like taking selfies know more about their facial expressions.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“He showed people ... more attractive version.”可知，人们往往认为自己的容貌要比实际上有魅力得多。故C项正确。
15．According to Kilner, people like taking selfies probably because they think ________.
A．it is a good chance to learn more about their actual faces
B．it is a way to respond to others’ facial expressions correctly
C．it enables them to interact with their friends in social media
D．it allows them to satisfy their expectations with their appearances
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后两段中的“that better matches our expectations with our actual faces”和“Selfies allow you ’to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you’re happy with’”可知，自拍能够让我们实际的容貌与期望的一致，即满足对于自我容貌的期待。故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2016·江西八所重点中学联考)We all face quantities of stress in a day­to­day living, whether at work, at home, or anywhere in between. __1__ Here’s how stress can help us on an everyday basis.
•Sharpening your memory.
Did you ever notice that sometimes when you are stressed, your memory seems to improve? Remember that test you passed where the answers seemed to come out of nowhere? __2__ It’s because of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) that increase your alertness when it’s most needed.
•__3__
Successful employees turn stress into motivation. Have you ever noticed that you get the least amount of work done when you have the fewest deadlines? Too little stress can affect how much you actually get done. When you take risks and choose to get over the difficulty, it improves your mental toughness and self­confidence.
•Helping you resist the attack of illness.
__4__ Believe it or not, the right kind of stress can help your body’s defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress causes you to make hormones that battle threats to your health. That burst of stress is helpful to your immune system when your body faces a threat.
•Making your life more interesting.
Think about some stressful situations that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable, like asking someone out on a first date, conquering a known fear, or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes. __5__
A．Helping you get an advantage at work.
B．Helping you get through difficult time.
C．This will happen whenever you are stressed.
D．That’s one way your brain responds to stress.
E．You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases.
F．But they’re the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness.
G．But handled properly, stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.
答案：1～5　GDAEF

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，