2018届高考英语第二轮知识点随堂巩固训练16.doc

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“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练(五)
[题组(一)]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·江西师大附中、临川一中联考)The young artist and potter Allan had a wife and two fine sons.One night, his older son developed a severe stomachache.Neither Allan nor his wife took the condition very __1__ (serious), but the boy died suddenly that night.
Knowing the death could __2__ (avoid) if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt he was guilty.Worse still, his wife left him a short time later, __3__ (leave) him alone with his 6­year­old younger son.Unable to stand the hurt and pain, he turned to alcohol and became __4__ alcoholic.
As the alcoholism __5__ (progress), Allan began to lose everything he possessed and finally died alone in a small bar.Hearing of his death, I thought, “__6__ a complete failure！”
As time went by, I began to revalue my __7__ (early) rough judgment.I knew Allan’s now adult son, Ernie, one of the kindest and most caring men I’ve ever known.I hadn’t heard him talk much about his father.One day，I worked up my courage to ask him what __8__ earth his father had done so that he became such a special person.Ernie said quietly, “As a child until I left home at 18, Allan came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ’love you, son’．”
Tears came to my eyes as I realized that I had been a fool to judge Allan __9__ a failure.He had not left any material __10__ (possess) behind.But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.

1．seriously　take ...seriously为固定短语，意为“重视……；认真处理……”，此外还可通过分析结构来判断词性，took为动词，应用副词修饰，故填seriously。
2．have been avoided　根据语境及“if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation”可知，本句为虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句可用could have done结构，又因为death与avoid之间为被动关系，故填have been avoided。
3．leaving　句中已有谓语left，因此设空处应用非谓语动词；leave的逻辑主语为his wife，两者之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。
4．an　alcoholic作名词讲有“酗酒者”之意，且以元音音素开头，故填an。
5．progressed　句意：随着酗酒行为的发展，艾伦失去了他所拥有的一切，最后独自一人死在了一个小酒馆里。根据句意及句子结构可知，as引导时间状语从句，又根据began可知，从句应用一般过去时，故填progressed。
6．What　句末为感叹号，a complete failure为名词性短语，故填What。
7．earlier　根据后文可知，通过艾伦小儿子的话，“我”改变了对艾伦的看法，因此不确切的评价应是“较早时候”作出的，故填earlier。
8．on　on earth为固定短语，意为“究竟；到底”，此处表现出作者的好奇。
9．as　as意为“当作”，通常出现在see/judge/regard sb.as ...等结构中。
10．possessions　根据空前的material可知，设空处应用名词形式，表示“财产”，possession一般用复数形式，故填possessions。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·唐山市模拟)Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatest occupations, because teachers make great contributions for the world.Last week, I got a chance to experience teaching students.Our school asked us to teach some kids live in the countryside.The kids was so happy that they gave me a warm welcome.I teach them English and after class, we played games happily.We had a lot of funs together.When I returned back to school, I missed the students so much.They like me but some of them have kept in touch with me ever since.I felt so proudly of being a teacher.
答案：第一句：greatest前加the; for→to
第三句：us→me; live→living
第四句：was→were
第五句：teach→taught
第六句：funs→fun
第七句：去掉back
第八句：but→and
第九句：proudly→proud
[题组(二)]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·山西省考前适应性测试)Scientists have discovered that __1__ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm.Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight.White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain.The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__ (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased.They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__ (expose) to cold temperature have a significant amount of brown fat when __6__ (compare) to same­aged indoor workers.” The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice.__7__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat.This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high­fat diets.The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity.People who are obese have __8__ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people.Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and __9__ (prevent) of obesity and obesity­related diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”
语篇解读：要美丽，先“冻”人——美国研究人员发现，适度寒冷有助于减肥。这项发现对研究治疗和阻止肥胖症及相关疾病有重要意义。
1．staying　空格处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，所以要用动名词形式，故填staying。
2．which　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话，故用which引导该定语从句。
3．in　result in为固定短语，意为“造成，导致”。
4．comfortable　空格处同constant并列，修饰名词temperatures，故用形容词形式，因此填comfortable，意为“使人舒服的，感到舒服的”。
5．are exposed　expose ...to ...为固定短语，意为“使……暴露于……”。当该结构中的宾语提前作主语时，要用被动形式be exposed to；此处be的形式应与前面的主语workers一致，且本文主体时态为一般现在时，故填are exposed。
6．compared　此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，compare与其逻辑主语outdoor workers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。完整的从句为when they are compared to ...。
7．One　根据语境可知，有一组老鼠被注射了促进褐色脂肪生长的蛋白质。此处表示“……其中之一”，故填One。
8．lower　than是比较级的标志词，故填lower。
9．prevention　空格处与treatment并列，且前有定冠词the限定，后有介词of，所以要用prevent的名词形式，故填prevention。
10．possibly　空格处修饰动词lose，要用副词，故填possibly。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·烟台市诊断性测试)Li Ming is a friend of mine.I’m glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldn’t take exercise, that made him very upset.Later, he realized unless he went on like that, he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides, he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems, we should overcome it with great determination and strong willpower.
答案：第二句：changed前加has
第三句：before→ago
第四句：easy→easily; 第二个that→which或在第二个that前加and
第五句：unless→if; achieve→achieving
第六句：minds→mind
第七句：去掉the
第八句：or→and
第十一句：it→them
[题组(三)]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·开封市质检)At the last weekend of November, I drove to Fragrant Hills Park to see red leaves with my wife.Although the park announced it closed __1__ (it) yearly Red Leaf Festival early on November 13, it was still very crowded.It __2__ (report) that it received more than one million visitors during the Red Leaf Festival.
We were told four ways to the top of the mountain, each of __3__ took 60 minutes to complete.We chose one way to get to the top.__4__ (see) from the top, it looked very beautiful.__5__ colorful the mountain is! Some trees were all red and some were covered __6__ yellow.The yellow leaves were especially golden and __7__ (enjoy)．Then we visited Glazed Pagoda, Snow­On­the­West Mountain and so on.I think they were all __8__ (well) worth visiting than many other attractions.
On the way, we met an old couple who came from America.They said that they had traveled in China for several __9__ (month) and China was very great and beautiful.When I heard what they said，I was feeling __10__ (pride) as a Chinese.

1．its　设空处作定语，和yearly共同修饰Red Leaf Festival，因此，应用形容词性物主代词。
2．was reported　根据从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时；It与report之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was reported。
3．which　each of ________引导定语从句，先行词为ways，设空处作介词of的宾语，故用关系代词which。
4．Seen　see的逻辑主语是句子的主语it，指代上文提到的the mountain，两者之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。
5．How　由句末的“！”可知，这是一个感叹句，空格后为形容词colorful，所以用How引导。
6．with　be covered with为固定搭配，意为“被……覆盖”。故填with。
7．enjoyable　and表示并列，设空处与golden (金色的)共同作were的表语，因此，应用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。
8．better　根据句中的标志词than可知，此处应用比较级，well的比较级为better。
9．months　month为可数名词，其前有several修饰，因此，应用名词的复数形式。
10．proud　设空处作感官动词feel的表语，应用形容词形式。故填proud。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·安庆市二模)Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons.She is always one of the top student in our class.She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time.Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons.As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities.We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school.That we did was warmly welcomed.Win honor for our school, Alice is well known to our classmates.
答案：第一句：many→much
第二句：student→students
第三句：去掉the; made→makes
第四句：other→others
第五句：successful→successfully
第六句：visit后加to; so→and
第七句：That→What
第八句：Win→Winning
[题组(四)]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)
Many of Van Gogh’s paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways.His painting Sunflowers, for example, __1__ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns.These colors give __2__ painting a feeling of warmth and well­being.However, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying.
The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved __3__ the feelings of sadness that were all around him.It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad, all at the same time.
Van Gogh’s most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this __4__ (mix) of joy and sadness one step further.It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows __5__ represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he __6__ (paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.
This is why Van Gogh’s __7__ (image) in his painting look more imagined than real.The stars and moon in The Starry Night are __8__ (unusual) bright, __9__ (they) light swirling (旋动) above the darkening hills.A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, __10__ (interrupt) its beauty.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了著名画家梵高的两幅画作以及它们的创作风格。
1．is filled　此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语His painting为单数，Sunflowers是其同位语，为画作的名称，因此谓语动词用单数形式；且主语与fill之间为被动关系，因此应用被动语态。故填is filled。
2．the　上文中提到了梵高的《向日葵》这幅画，此处再次提及，应用定冠词the修饰painting，表特指。
3．with　combine ...with ...意为“把……和……结合起来”，为固定搭配。故填with。
4．mixture　设空处作takes的宾语，应用名词。故填mixture。
5．that/which　句意：它是一幅风景画，充满了代表着忧伤的深蓝色和阴影。这种忧伤是梵高在作画时所感觉到的，而不是他真正看到的。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，deep blues and shadows为先行词，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。
6．was painting　句意见上一题解析。句中的as意为“当……的时候”，根据was feeling可知需用过去进行时，表示在过去某时某刻正在进行。
7．images　句意：这是为什么梵高的绘画中的形象看起来更像是被想象出来的，而不是真的。image意为“意象；形象”，为可数名词，根据句意和常识可知，梵高的画作不止一幅，应用复数images。
8．unusually　句意：画作《星夜》中的星星和月亮特别明亮，它们的光在昏暗的山上旋动着。设空处修饰形容词bright，应用副词形式。故填unusually。
9．their　句意见上一题解析。根据句意，这里指星星和月亮的光，上文已经提及，故用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词。
10．interrupting　句意：看起来像黑色火焰的一棵树穿过黑夜的景色，打断了它的美。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处interrupt的逻辑主语是A tree，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词interrupting作状语，表示自然而然的结果。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·山东省实验中学诊断性考试)Last weekend, I helped my grandparents preparing their trip to Beijing.On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched for the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beijing, and some hotel informations.In the afternoon, I go to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was long queue.After dinner, I put the thing my grandparents would need into the suitcase, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, or a map.The next morning, I went to the station to see him off.Waving goodbye with them on the platform, I felt happily for them and wished them a safe journey.
答案：第一句：preparing→prepare
第二句：去掉第一个for; informations→information
第三句：go→went; long前加a
第四句：thing→things; or→and
第五句：him→them
第六句：with→to; happily→happy

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
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