2016届高考英语暑假阅读理解检测题5.doc

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阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
1. What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?
A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.　　 D. Having more material than is needed.
2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show　　　.　
A. the tendency of cutting household waste　　　B. the increase of packaging recycling
C. the rapid growth of supermarkets　　　　　　D. the fact of packaging overuse
3. According to the text, recycling　　　.　
A. helps control the greenhouse effect　　　B. means burning packaging for energy
C. is the solution to gas shortage　　　　　D. leads to a waste of land
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.　　　　　　
B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.　　　　
D. Other products are better packaged than food.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.　　　　
B. Needless material is mostly recycled.
C. People like collecting recyclable wastes.　
D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.
【参考答案】1-5 DDACA　

【2013界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】
The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, "High school English teachers are not doing their jobs." He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.
　　My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
　　My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
　　The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.
　　Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of English.
41. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________.
　　A. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generation
　　B. the students had a poor command of English because they didn't work hard enough
　　C. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years
　　D. English teachers should be held responsible for the students' poor command of English
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由“High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选D。
42. In the author's opinion, the speaker _______.
　　A. gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students
　　B. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the students
　　C. was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs
　　D. could think and speak intelligently
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。由“As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.”可知作者认为发言者夸张了学生的语言问题。故选B。
43. The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _______.
　　A. neutral B. positive C. critical D. compromising
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。A.中立的；B.肯定的；C.批评的；D.妥协的。由“Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.”可知作者不同意发言者的评论。故选C。
44. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
　　A. it is justifiable to include English as a school subject
　　B. the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level
　　C. English language teaching is by no means an easy job
　　D. Language improvement needs time and effort
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。“Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years,……”说明成年人的语言能力是经过了多年的发展的，所以语言教学绝不是一项简单的工作。故选C。
45. In the passage the author argues that ______.
　　A. it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the students
　　B) young people would not have a poor command of English if the teachers did their jobs properly
　　C) to get rid of language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and ears
　　D) to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generations
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由“Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.”可知作者认为，因学生语言上的不足而责备英语老师是不公平的。

Passage Twenty (NCB in Interpol)
The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.
As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.
Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nation’s law and authority and retains its national title.
Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Network stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leray’s photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.

1.      What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. The Function of the Interpol.           . The Quality of the Interpol.
[C]. The Organization of the Interpol.        [D]. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.
2.      The organization of this passage is
[A]. general to specific.                   . cause and effect.
[C]. comparison and contrast.              [D]. development.
3.      The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
[A]. a lot of employees busying in their work.
. many office workers busying with various documents.
[C]. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.
[D]. workers busying in their own information.
4.      Which is the easiest tool to communicate?
[A]. Satellite.                        . Radio.
. Teleprinter.                      [D]. Phototelegraphy.

Vocabulary
1.      Interpol                           国际刑警组织
2.      outfit                             全班人马，有组织团体
3.      chisel-jawed                       仪表英俊的
4.      gimlet-eyed                        目光锐利的
5.      jeopardy                          危险
6.      flatteringly                        奉承
7.      choke                            闷死
           choking on their own statistics  被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来
8.      as with most generalities             和大多数笼统说法一样
9.      grim                             冷酷的
10.      drone                            懒汉，懒洋洋的人
11.      shuffle                           反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）
12.      charisma                         超凡的魅力
13.      National Central Bureaus             国家中心局
14.      Treasury Department                财政部（美）
15.      Questura                          警察局（意）
16.      Melbourne                         墨尔本警察局
17.      chore                             日常零星工作
18.      to be bound to                      受……的约束，义务，一定……
19.      geographic zone                    地区，地带
20.      versatile                          有多方面用途的
21.      radio-teleprinter                    无线电打印机
22.      phototelegraph                     传真
23.      daring                            大胆的
24.      holdup                           抢劫
25.      alert                              使警惕，使处于待命状态

难句译注
1.      The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.
[结构简析] 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.
[参考译文] 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。
2.      There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.
[结构简析] 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。
[参考译文] 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。
3.      Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.
[结构简析] 这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in…，Oceans are crossed in…, villains are watched by …。
[参考译文] 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。
4.      These are the front-line troops, the action people.
[参考译文] 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。

写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到NCB，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一——国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。

答案祥解
1.      C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以
A. B. 不对。    D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。
2.      A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。
B. 因果   和    C. 对比。  不对。    D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。
3.      C. stuff=crowd  办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考