高三英语知识点突破检测题2.doc

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第一部分　必修四　Unit 3
Ⅰ.语法单句填空
1．(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ改编)The sunlight is white and blinding, ________(throw) hard­edged shadows on the ground.
答案：throwing　考查非谓语动词。句意：阳光明亮而刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。throw这一动作和主语sunlight之间是主动关系，且强调一种自然的结果，所以应用动词－ing的主动形式。
2．(2012·四川改编)It's surprising that your brother pick ________ Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
答案：up　句意：真令人惊讶，你哥哥这么快就学会了俄语——他在那没住多长时间。pick up拾起，捡起，学会。
3．There appeared an ________(astonish) look on her face on hearing the ________(astonish) story.
答案：astonished; astonishing　考查非谓语动词。句意：听了那个令人吃惊的故事，她的脸上露出吃惊的表情。表示情感变化的动词的过去分词常用来修饰说明人或人的表情(look，expression)、声音(voice)、微笑(smile)等，这类动词的－ing形式常用来修饰说明事物。
4．________(convince) of his honesty, we decided to depend on him ________(carry) out the secret order.
答案：Convinced; to carry　考查非谓语动词。句意：因为坚信他的诚实，所以我们决定依靠他来执行这道密令。be convinced of坚信，确信，在此处作原因状语，要用过去分词形式；carry out执行；depend on sb. to do sth.依靠某人做某事，为固定句型。
5．In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions ________ members are uncertain of their roles.
答案：when　句意：在一个运动队中每位队员都有清晰的角色意识，在很少场合下会出现队员不清楚自己角色的情况。occasion表示“场合；(重大的)时刻(节)，时机，机会”。
6．Life is by no means perfect since difficulties are unavoidable, but I ________(convince) that life is 10 percent what happens but 90 percent how we react to it.
答案：am convinced　句意：因为困难无法避免，所以生活绝不可能完美，但是我相信生活的美好程度有百分之十取决于所发生的事情， 其余的百分之九十取决于我们对待这些事情的态度。be convinced that...“相信……，坚信……”符合句意。
7．2016 will still be a difficult year for some people, ________ particular those facing the continuing effects of the bad economy.
答案：in　句意：2016年对一些人来说，将依然会是艰难的一年，尤其是那些受经济不景气持续影响的人。
8．Provide your doctor with a detailed medical history ________ he can give you accurate treatment.
答案：so that　考查状语从句。句意：提供给你的医生一份详尽的病历，以便他可以给你准确的治疗。so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，符合句意。
9．By the time the girl comes back to life, scientists probably ________(discover) a cure for this incurable disease.
答案：will have discovered　考查动词的时态。句意为：到这个女孩苏醒过来时，科学家们可能已经找到了治疗这种不治之症的方法。根据句意可知，此处应用将来完成时。
10．(2013·山东改编)There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
答案：as　句意为：科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·东北三省四市第一次联考)
In the past, they were laughed at for being eggheads(书呆子) wearing glasses with a passion for the pointless. But now, being a member of their group has become a source of pride, with Collins online dictionary naming the term “geek” as UK's “Word of the Year” on December 16.
“Geek” tops the list for 2013 because of its “positive makeover”， a spokeswoman for Collins Dictionary told The Scotsman newspaper.
The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of “geck”， meaning “a simpleton(傻瓜)”．
“In the 1980s, the word still had a negative meaning, referring to someone who was boring and socially awkward. However, from the late 20th century, due to the increasing importance of technology in society, the word has come to mean a clever, switched­on and cool person，” noted The Scotsman.
In September, the dictionary changed the main definition of “geek” from “someone preoccupied with computing” to “a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”．
“‘Geek’ is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one，” Ian Brookes, consultant editor to Collins Dictionary told The Guardian. “This change in meaning represents a positive change in views of specialist expertise(专长，专业知识), and is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives.”
The Telegraph's John Bingham believes that the transformation of the word was helped along by the success of the US movie The Social Network, about the creation of the US website Facebook. “Commentators said the film showed that it had become fashionable to be a geek”， Bingham wrote.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！柯林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。
1．The underlined word “makeover” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．evolution　　　　　　 B．result
C．influence D．response
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句“But now, being a member of their group has become a source of pride, with Collins online dictionary naming the term ‘geek’ as UK's ‘Word of the Year’ on December 16.”和第三段“The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of ‘geck’， meaning ‘a simpleton(傻瓜)’．”前后对比可知，此处makeover意为“华丽转身”，与倒数第二段的第一句“‘Geek’ is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one”相呼应。evolution意为“进化”；result意为“结果”；influence意为“影响”；response意为“回应”。故选A项。
2．When did the word “geek” begin to have a positive meaning?
A．In the 20th century. B．From the 1990s.
C．In the 1980s. D．At the end of 2013.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“In the 1980s, the word still had a negative meaning...”和第二句“However, from the late 20th century... the word has come to mean a clever, switched­on and cool person”对比可知，“geek”这个词实现意义上的华丽转身是在20世纪90年代。故选B项。
3．According to the article，“geek” now mainly refers to ______.
A．someone who is addicted to computing and new technology
B．someone who is boring and unfashionable
C．someone who is smart but awkward in social situations
D．someone who is well­informed and devoted to a certain field
答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”可知，“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。故选D项。
4．What helped to transform the meaning of “geek” from negative to positive according to the article?
a．The effect of technology.
b．The news media's promotion.
c．The influence of Collins Dictionary.
d．The popularity of The Social Network.
A．a，b B．b，c
C．a，d D．c，d
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句．..“by the success of the US movie The Social Network, about the creation of the US website Facebook.”可知，“geek”词义的华丽转身来源于电影The Social Network的成功。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives”可知，这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结果。故选C项。
Ⅲ.七选五
(2014·豫南五市二模)
Have you ever noticed that the more you have the more you want? Let's face it. Thinking our life is good enough doesn't come naturally to many people. When we have high expectations of everything in life, we will run into disappointment. Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live with satisfaction. __1__
__2__ Most people want things to be better than they are, or when things are going well, we forget to appreciate what we have. Learn to reflect on how much better things are than they could be. Write down 5 things you are grateful for right now.
When we hold onto regrets from decisions we have made, it can really poison our well­being. Many people regret something they can no longer change, which ends up holding them back from moving forward in a more positive manner. __3__ So work to stay present and be mindful of the current moment to find more joy and fulfillment.
When we use other people as the measuring stick for our personal success and quality of life, we are likely to be less satisfied. Social comparisons can provide useful information when we try to learn from others, but they also hold our perspective in a discontented position. __4__
When you focus on your big ambitions and future goals, you might neglect the daily pleasures that surround you. __5__ Stay present and focus on the task you're undertaking at the moment. Don't let the life pass you by because you're always on the go and distracted by ambitions.
Practice looking at life through the lens(镜头) of contentment and it will become more natural.
A．Learn to create chances to achieve your goal.
B．What you should do is to put yourself in a good mood.
C．Here are a few ideas to help you be happier with what you have and who you are.
D．Focus on what you are thankful for.
E．What happened in the past is done and gone.
F．Compare yourself less with others so you can be satisfied more.
G．Learn to slow down and absorb the wonder and beauty around you.
文章大意：本文就如何帮助自己保持快乐的心态提出了具体的建议。
答案：
1．C　本文接下来的4段都是关于如何帮助自己保持快乐的心态的具体的建议。故C项符合上下文串联。
2．D　后面的“appreciate”以及“grateful”可知，D项thankful符合语境。
3．E　该段讲的是把握现在，不要对过去的事情遗憾和后悔。所以E项符合语境。
4．F　该段讲的是不要与人攀比，句中的“other people”与F项照应。
5．G　该段讲的是不要忽略当下的快乐，与G项照应。而且原文的“pleasures that surround you.”与G项的 “wonder and beauty around you.”照应。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2014·郑州市三模)
Once a farmer's donkey(驴) fell into a deep well. The animal cried loudly for hours, but the farmer couldn't figure out what to do __1__ it. Finally, he decided that the animal was old and that the well needed to be covered anyway, so he __2__(think) the donkey wasn't worth saving.
Then, he invited some of his neighbors to come over and help __3__. They all took a shovel (铁铲) and began to put dirt into the well.
At first, the donkey realized what was happening and cried __4__(pitiful). Then, to everyone's surprise, the donkey became quiet. A few shovel loads later, the farmer looked down into the well and was astonished at __5__ he saw.
Each shovel of dirt hit its back, but the donkey was doing something __6__(amaze). It was shaking the dirt off and taking a step up. __7__ the neighbors continued to put more dirt on top of the animal, it would shake the dirt off and take one more step up.
Pretty soon everyone was surprised as the donkey stepped up over the edge of __8__ well and ran off happily!
When life sometimes __9__(put) dirt on you, the best way of getting out of the well is to shake the dirt off and take a step up. Each of your troubles is a stepping stone. You can get out of the deepest well just __10__ never giving up!
文章大意：本文是一篇寓言故事，主要讲了一头掉到井里的驴如何成功自救的故事。这个故事告诉我们：遭遇逆境时不能绝望，要用积极的态度去面对，这样就可能将掩埋你的“沙土”变成你成功的垫脚石。
答案：
1．with/for/about　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处可以指“应对、处理这件事”的意思，与“do”连用，故可以填with或about；同时“it”也可以指代“驴”，此时可以填“for”。
2．thought　考查动词的时态。根据上句时态“decided”可知，本句也用一般过去时。故填thought。
3．him　考查代词。根据上下文语境可知，他邀请邻居过来帮他一起填埋这头驴。故填him。
4．pitifully　考查副词。所给词是用来修饰谓语动词“cried”的，修饰动词应用副词。故填pitifully。
5．what　考查宾语从句。根据题干结构可知，本句话包含一个宾语从句，从句中缺少“saw”的宾语，意为“所……的”。故填what。
6．amazing　考查形容词。所给词在句中用来修饰不定代词“something”，意为“令人感到惊奇的”。故填amazing。
7．As/When　考查时间状语从句。根据两句话之间的语境逻辑可知，此处所缺词应意为“随着……”或者“当……时”。故填As/When。注意首字母应大写。
8．the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的这口井。故填the。
9．puts　考查动词的时态。根据题干可知，所给词作谓语；同时这是这则寓言故事的道理，因此时态应用一般现在时。故填puts。
10．by　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处所填词与动名词连用，表示方式手段。故填by。
Ⅴ.短文改错
(2014·陕西)
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
答案：
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles jumped up and shot their arrows the bird. of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows flying down at us from the sky—they like rain! We ran to escape fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt impressive lesson about gravity!

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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