2016届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题14.doc

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湖北麻城市2016高考英语二轮七选五阅读（类）摸底练习（2）及答案

***解题步骤
1. 解题前
(1) 扫读表格。分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容。要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落的主题句。
(2) 分析表格。研究表格的结构并弄清任务，根据空格找线索。表格各行的设计大致是按照段落的顺序而设计的。
2. 解题中
根据已有的表格内容来确定短文的发展脉络，以文脉为导引，关注细节，理解段意，将有效信息对号入座。答题时，务必遵循“先易后难，各个击破”的原则，不要在个别题目上耗费太多时间。
(1) 略读。快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句(即topic sentence)和首尾段，以把握主旨大意；结合表格框架，理清文章的基本结构。
① 把握文章主旨。
② 概括段落大意。
③ 将表格提纲还原至短文中。
(2) 精读。深入理解文章内容，细读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，找准特定信息。
① 明确空格要求。
② 定位文中相关信息。
③ 注意单词的适当形式及前后搭配。
④ 联想相关近义词或同义词，表达相似意义。
⑤ 进行释义转述。
⑥ 归纳文章内容，提炼主题。
3. 解题后
最后，确定题目答案。在明确表格设计的基础上，再回到短文中，复查所填内容。结合题意和要求认真核实，检查意思是否准确、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确，这样才能获得该试题的高分。
在填写答案时，务必要注意书写工整、规范，千万不要因为大小写或抄写错误而被扣分。另外，还要注意词性的转换和词形的正确使用。
注意以下几点：
(1) 字迹清晰，拼写正确。
(2) 注意短语的固定搭配。
(3) 相关的语法知识：
① 动词的适当形式: 时态，单复数，非谓语动词形式。
② 名词的性、数、格。
③ 形容词的比较级和最高级。

阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.
He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.
Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.
After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (认股权) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.
By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.
56. What does the underlined word “it” in Para.1 refer to? (No more than 5 words)
57. How did Walton’s first Wal-mart store achieve success? (No more than 10 words)
58. What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”? (No more than 15 words)
59. Why were employees at Wal-mart stores offered stock options? (No more than 10 words)
60. Are you in favor of Walton’s management style? And why? (No more than 20 words)

【参考答案】阅读表达：(得分等级分四档：2分；1.5分；1分；0分)
56. His first retailing experience.
57. By specializing in name brands at low prices.
58. To improve Wal-Mart employees’ income dependent on the profits of the store.
59. Because they would care about the company. / Because it would make them happy and promote sales.
60. (Open).

【湖南省怀化市2014高考英语一模试题】
Section B (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
We lived in a very quiet neighborhood. One evening I heard a loud crash in the street. Earlier that evening my wife had asked me to go to the store to get some soft drinks. It seemed like this would be a good time to let my teenager daughter Holly practice her driving.
At dinner my son talked about how much he liked my truck. I enjoyed having it, but I said, “Guy, my heart is not set on that truck. I like it but it is just metal and won’t last forever. Never set your heart on anything that won’t last.”
After hearing the loud noise, the whole family ran outside. My son shouted, “Dad! Dad, Holly crashed your truck.”
My heart sank and my mind was flooded with conflicting thoughts. Was anyone hurt? Who else was involved? As I ran to the door, I heard a voice in my heart say, “Here is a chance to show Holly what you really love. She’ll never forget it.”
The accident had occurred in my own driveway. Holly had crashed my truck into our other vehicle, the family van (搬运车). In her inexperience, she had confused the brakes and the gas pedal. Holly was unhurt physically, but when I reached her, she was crying and saying, “Oh, Dad, I’m sorry. I know how much you love this truck.” I held her in my arms as she cried.
Later that week a friend stopped by and asked what had happened to my truck. I told her the story. Her eyes moistened(湿润) and she said, “That happened to me when I was a girl. I borrowed my dad’s car and ran into a log that had fallen across the road. I ruined the car. When I got home my Dad knocked me to the ground and began to kick me.” Over 40 years later, she still felt the pain of that night. It was a deep wound on her soul.
I remember how sad Holly was the night and how I comforted her. One day, when Holly thinks back on her life, I want her to know that I love her a thousand times more than any piece of property. I repaired the van, but the dent (凹痕) in my truck is still there today. Every day it reminds me of what really matters in my life.
【小题1】Why did the father permit his daughter to drive his truck? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks)

【小题2】How did the accident happen? (No more than 11 words) (3 marks)

【小题3】What happened to the author’s friend after she ruined her dad’s car?
(No more than 11 words) (2 marks)

【小题4】What does the writer try to tell us according to the passage? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)

【小题1】细节题：从文章第一段的句子：It seemed like this would be a good time to let my teenager daughter

【2015高考复习】任务型读写
The scientific method consists of asking and finding answers to a problem by way of logical thinking, carefully weighing all the possibilities and arriving at the best possible solution. Curious observation and asking a question “Why or When, How or Where” regarding a phenomenon forms the first step of scientific method. To understand the problem clearly and come up with the “specific” question, you may need to consider, observe carefully, and use your reasoning skills. For this you may have to research, gather observable and measurable data according to your principles of reasoning. The way you look at a problem or a phenomenon, understand and approach it by asking the right question has a high probability of leading you to the correct solution.
After you’ve made your observation and asked a question, conduct your research to gather information about the subject. To answer the question, the library and the Internet must be used to collect information. Also, explore and focus on the research work that has been carried out. Also, the process of researching must be impartial (公正的) for a fair interpretation of the results. All the data and methods must be documented and shared properly. This enables the data to be carefully studied by other researchers.
A hypothesis (假设) is a possible theory that is formed after observing and analyzing a certain phenomenon and can provide a probable answer to the problem. Every scientific experiment is based on a hypothesis which gives you an idea to approach the problem and conduct the related experiment. Researchers sticking to the scientific method employ hypotheses to explain various phenomena and also design experimental studies to test these hypotheses.
As stated earlier, a hypothesis is a theory that isn’t yet proved, and to prove it experiments must be conducted. The experiment proves the authenticity (真实性) of the hypothesis according to the information and evidences gathered while doing research on the subject. Care must be taken that the experiment is a fair test, and it must be repeated for the same and different set of values. The experiment will either confirm or rule out your theory. However, if it doesn’t support the hypothesis, it must be rejected or modified.
Once your experiment is completed, you need to analyze the data to check whether your hypothesis is true or false. If the hypothesis isn’t in accordance with the facts, you’ll have to form a new hypothesis and begin the steps of the scientific method all over again. If the hypothesis turns out to be true, it is necessary to check it again by using a new approach. In addition, the results of the experiment and the hypothesis must be conveyed to others through a display board or by publishing a final report. When others perform the same experiment and get the same results, the hypothesis becomes rock-solid.
Steps of the scientific method
Paragraph outlines
Supporting details
Observe and ask a question.
● To have a clear (1)　　　 of the problem and ask a specific question, you should consider, observe and reason carefully.
● You also need to gather useful (2)　　　 by researching.
Do some
research.
● You can use libraries and the Internet to find the answers to the question.
● (3)　　　 yourself to the research work about the problem.
● Ensure that you conduct your research impartially.
(4)　　　 a
hypothesis.
● (5)　　　 your scientific experiment on the hypothesis about the phenomenon.
● Hypotheses are helpful in explaining various phenomena and (6)　　　 experimental studies.
Conduct
experiments.
● The experiment must be fair and be (7)　　　.
● If the experiment (8)　　　 to support the hypothesis, reject or modify it.
Analyze data
and draw
conclusions.
● If the hypothesis doesn’t agree with the facts, form a new hypothesis and repeat the steps to prove it.
● It is (9)　　　 to check it again if the hypothesis is proved to be true.
● Make the results of the experiment and the hypothesis (10)　　　 to the public, so others can confirm them again.

【答案】1. understanding 2. data 3. Devote 4. Form 5. Base 6. designing
7. repeated 8. fails 9. necessary 10. known

希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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