法国人文地理省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

France第1页Geography第2页LocationLocated in Western EuropeBorders the Bay of Biscay and English ChannelBetween Belgium and Spain,southeast of the United KingdomBordering the Mediterranean Sea,between Italy and Spain第3页第4页ClimateGenerally cool winters and mild summers,Mild winters and hot summers along the MediterraneanOccasional strong,cold,dry,north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral第5页TerrainMostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west Remainder is mountainous,especially in Pyrenees in the south and the Alps in the EastLand utilityFor farmingArable land:33.46%permanent crops:2.03%permanent pastures:20%forests and woodland:27%other:18%第6页EnvironmentNatural Resources Coal,iron ore,bauxite,zinc,uranium,antimony,arsenic,potash,feldspar,fluorospar,gypsum,timber and fish Natural hazards:FloodingAvalanchesMidwinter windstormsDrought and forest fires in south near the Mediterranean Current issues:Some forest damage from acid rainAir pollution from industrial and vehicle emissionsWater pollution from urban wastes and agricultural runoff 第7页Regions of FranceThe French Republic has 4 overseas territories due to its history as a colonial power.They have the same status as metropolitan regions,much like Hawaiis equal status to a continental U.S.state.They are overseas dpartements(dpartement doutre-mer,or DOM,with the same status as a dpartement of metropolitan FranceThese overseas departments,unlike overseas collectivities,are represented in National Assembly,Senate and Economic and Social Council,elect a Member of the European Parliament,(MEP),and also use the Euro as their currency.第8页French GuianaLocation:Northern South America,bordering the North Atlantic Ocean,between Brazil and SurinameClimate:Tropical;hot,humidLittle seasonal temperature variationTerrain:Low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountainsFarmland:arable land 0.13%,permanent crops 0.04%,other 99.83%(90%forest,10%other)Natural Resources:gold deposits,petroleum,kaolin,niobium,tantalum and clay 第9页MartiniqueLocation:CaribbeanIsland between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean,north of Trinidad and TobagoClimate:subtropical tempered by trade windsModerately high humidity,rainy season,June to OctoberVulnerable to devastating cyclone,hurricanes,every eight years on average Terrain:mountainous with indented coastline;dormant volcanoFarmland:arable land 9.09%,permanent crops 10.0%,other 80.91%第10页Guadeloupe Location:CaribbeanIslands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean,southeast of Puerto RicoClimate:subtropical tempered by trade winds;moderately high humidityRainy season,June to October,Vulnerable to devastating cyclones,hurricanes,every eight years on average Terrain:volcanic in origin with interior mountains 第11页Reunion Location:Southern AfricaIsland in the Indian Ocean,east of MadagascarClimate:tropical,but temperature moderates with elevationCool and cry,May to NovemberHot and rainy,November to AprilTerrain:mostly Rugged and Mountainous,fertile lowlands along coastFarmland:arable land 13.94%,permanent crops 1.59%,other 84.47%第12页HistoryThenameFrancecomesfromtheLatinwordFranciawhichmeans“landoftheFranks”or“Frankland”第13页GaulTheregionofmodernFranceisapproximatelythesameastheancientcountrycalledGaul1stcenturyBCGaulcapturedbyJuliesCaesar2nd3rdcenturyADRomanculturehadbeenincorporatedintosociety4thcenturyADtheeasternborderofGaularoundtheRhinewastakenoverbyGermanictribes,mostlybytheFranks843ADtheTreatyofVerdunendedCharlemagnescontrolofFrance.ThetreatydividedtheCharlemagnesCarolingianEmpireintothreeparts,EasterFrancia,MiddleFrancia,WesternFranciaModernFranceiscomposedofthelandofWesternFrancia第14页FranceFrancewasruledbyCarolingiansuntil987ADwhenHughCapet,DukeofFranceandCountofParis,wascrownedKingofFranceTheFrenchmonarchyreacheditspeakwithLouisXIV1789:FrenchRevolutionendedtheruleofthemonarchy.Duringtherevolution,themonarchsKingLouisXVIandMarieAntoinettewereexecuted第15页NapoleonBonaparte1799:NapoleonBonapartegainedcontroloftheRepublicBonapartenamedhimselfEmperoroftheFirstFrenchEmpire(18041814)1815:BattleofWaterloo,BonapartesdefeatandexileAfterwards,Francetransitionedthroughaseriesofrepublicsandempires第16页TimelineofRepublicsandEmpires1870-1940:French Third Republic 1848 1852:French Second Republic1792 1804:French Republic1804 1814:French First Empire Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte,Napoleon I1946-1958:French Fourth Republic1852-1870:French Second Empire Emperor Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte,aka Napoleon III1958-Present:French Fifth Republic17801800182018401860188019001920194019601980第17页ImportantWars1789 1799:FrenchRevolutionJuly 18,1815:BattleofWaterlooBonapartesdefeatJuly 19,1870-May 10,1871:Franco-PrussianWar1914 1918:WorldWarI1939 1945:WorldWarIIDecember 1946-August 1954:FirstIndochinaWarFrench Revolution第18页MilitaryBranches:ArmyNavyAirForceNationalGendarmerieNolongerconstrictiveservice.Minimumeligibleageis17.Womenareabletoservehoweverasnon-combativeunits.Thecurrentavailableservicemembersare:malesage17-49:13,676,509femalesage17-49:13,504,539(CIAest.)Theyspendanapproximated2.6%oftheirGDPonmilitary.Thisamountsto:$48,646,000,000,000第19页Culture第20页Literature and PoetryLiterature and PoetryTheFrenchlanguagewasnotyetauniformlanguagebutitwassplitupintoseveraloildialectsFrenchliteratureoriginatedintheMiddleAgesIncluding:Tristan and IseultandLancelot-GrailMuchofFrenchpoetrywasinfluencedbytheMatter of France,ataleofepicsFrenchPoetry:PerroutdeSaintCloudes“RomandeRenart”第21页ArthurFranoisRabelaissworkwasveryinfluentialtotheFrenchlanguageChrtiendeTroyeswasanimportantwriterfromtheMedievaltimes18thand19thcentury,duringtheRenaissance,wastheheightofFrenchliteratureandpoetryWriterslikeVoltaireandJeanJacques-RousseauemergedFamousFrenchliterature:The Three Musketeers,The Count of Monte Cristo,Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,andThe Hunchback of Notre Dame.Famous Literature and AuthorsFamous Literature and Authors第22页SportsPopularsportsincludebasketball,handball,rugbyunion,andfootball(soccer)FrancehoststheannualTourdeFranceMostfamousroadbicycleraceintheworldFranceisalsofamousforthe24HoursofLeManscompetitionItisasportscarenduranceraceThenationalfootballteamandnationalrugbyteamarenicknamed“LesBleus,”theblues第23页MarianneMarianneisthesymboloftheFrenchRepublic.SherepresentslibertyandappearedduringtheFrenchRevolution第24页MontSaintMichelisasiteinFrancethatispopulartotouristsTheEiffelTowerisamajorlandmarkinParis,FranceThePalaisdespapes(Palaceofpopes)inAvignonisalsoamajorlandmark.Mont Saint MichelPalais des papes Eiffel TowerLandmarks第25页FoodFrenchcuisine:EmphasisonfamousFrenchwineChampagne,comingfromtheChampagneregionofFranceCheesesProducesover400kindsofcheesesCookingstyles.Themostexquisitecuisinesarecalledhautecuisine.第26页ArtArtArtArt Painting by Claude MonetArtinancientFrancecanbetracedbacktothePaleolithicage(10,00032,000yrsago).CavepaintingshavebeenfoundinAltamira,FontdeGaume,Lascaux,LesCombarelles,NiauxCaveandLesTroisFrres.Pierre-AugusteRenoirandClaudeMonetareamongthemostfamouspaintersfromFrance.TheywerepartoftheimpressionistartmovementinEurope第27页ImportantFactsaboutCultureTheFrenchnationalflagwasmadeduringtheFrenchRevolution.Itisatricolorflagwithverticalbandsofblue,white,andred.TheflagwasmadefamousbyMarquisdeLafayetteTheoriginoftheFrenchkingdomisdatedto496becauseitmarksthreeimportantfeaturesofthecountrywhichare:ThedefinitionofaterritorialboundaryThedefinitionofapowerrule(successionbyheir)Thedefinitionofasocialsystem3groupsofpeople:warriors,priests,andworkersFrancesmottois“Libert,galit,Fraternit(Liberty,Equality,Brotherhood)Since1880,thenationalholidayofFranceistheFteNationale(NationalHoliday).Itiscelebratedonthe14thofJuly.ItcelebratestheFtedelaFdration.第28页DemographicsTotalpopulation:62,752,136Language:French100%withrapidlydecliningregionaldialectsandlanguagesofPovencal,Breton,Alsatian,Corsican,Catalan,Basque,FlemishBirthrateof11.99births/1,000populationanddeathrateof9.14deaths/1,000populationReligion:RomanCatholic83%-88%,Protestant2%,Jewish1%,Muslim5-10%,unaffiliated4%Race:CelticandLatinwithTeutonic,Slavic,NorthAfrican,Indochinese,BasqueminoritiesCountryspopulationsharplyincreasedwiththebabyboomfollowingWorldWarII第29页FrenchRepublic第30页Republiqe Francaise(TheFrenchRepublic)FranceisarepublicwithParisashercapital.(Thefifthrepublic)Thenationiscomposedoftwenty-sixregions,fourofwhichareoverseas.Ofthe22regions,thereare96metropolitandepartments.Independence-486AD第31页Bastille DayBastilleDay,14July1790istheNationalHoliday.Contrarytopopularbelief,BastilleDaycelebratesthefirstanniversaryfollowingthestormingoftheBastillein1789.第32页The French RepublicThe French RepublicFrancehasuniversalsuffragewithminimumageofeighteen.Womenattainedsuffragein1944.Acceptedcurrency:theEuro,adoptedon1January4October1958theFrenchconstitutionenactedandrevisedin1962.第33页The French RepublicThe French RepublicThethreebranchesofgovernmentincludetheexecutive,legislativeandjudicial.Thepresidentiselectedeveryfiveyears.PresidentChirachasbeeninpowersince1995.Theprimeministerisappointedbythepresidentandconfirmedbytheparliament.DominiqueDeVillepinisthecurrentprimeminister.President Chirac(front)andDominique De Villepin(back)第34页The French RepublicThe French RepublicTheparliamentcomprisesofaNational AssemblyandSenate.TheNationalAssemblyisdirectlyelectedbytheFrenchpeoplewith577membersinfiveyearterms.Throughanelectoralcollege,318areelectedtotheSenatewithnineyeartermsandonethirdupofseatsareupforelection.Aconstitutionalcouncilprovidesasachecksystemfortheparliament.Membersofthiscouncilareappointed.The French National Assembly(Paris)第35页The French RepublicThe French RepublicThecourtsystemissetincivillaw.Acasecanmovefromcourts,courtsofappeal,andasthecourtoflastresort,Courdecassation.OthercourtsinFranceincludeConseildEtat,whichacceptsadministrativecases(whichCourdecassationholdsnojurisdiction)CourtsofAssizeswhichtriescrimesofseveritythroughthreejudgesandninejurors.Thosetriedarepresumedinnocentuntilprovenguilty.第36页Political PartiesPolitical PartiesRassemblementpourlaRpublique(Chiracsparty)TheSocialistpartyUnionpourlaDemocratieFranaiseFrenchCommunistpartyFrench Communist Party Headquarters第37页Government Government OrganizationsOrganizationsEuropeanUnion(EU)NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO)UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilpermanentmember.WorldTradeOrganizationWorldHealthOrganizationOSCE,InternationalLaborOrganizationG-5,G-7,G-8,andG-10.第38页Government Government Organizations,contdOrganizations,contdUndertheUNSecuritycouncil,from1946-Francehasusedhervetopowereighteentimes.FranceisalsoanoriginalmemberoftheEuropeanUnion(beginningin1957)whichwasoriginallytitleastheEuropeanCommunity.FranceandGermanyhavestrengthenedtheirrelationshipsinceWWII,encouragingstrongerdefensesoftheEU.第39页French FlagFrench FlagTheflagisknownas“Le drapeau tricolore”.第40页Economics第41页EconomicsFrancehasoneofthehigherincomeequalityindexesintheworldwithaGiniindexof26.7Inflationrate:1.5%AgriculturalProducts:machinery,chemicals,automobiles,metallurgy,aircraft,electronics;textiles,foodprocessing;tourismJustover48millionpeoplehavecellphonesinFranceandthereare35.7millionhardtelephonelines.29.5millionusetheinternet.第42页FrenchEconomyTheGDPis$1.871trillionFrancehasalaborforceof27.88millionpeoplewithanunemploymentrateof8.7%inIn,6.2%ofthepopulationlivedbelowthepovertyline.0.2%industrialgrowthrate第43页FrenchExportsmachineryandtransportationequipmentaircraftplasticschemicalspharmaceuticalproductsironandsteelbeverages第44页FrenchImportsGermany18.9%Belgium10.7%Italy8.3%Spain7%Netherlands6.6%UK5.9%US5.1%第45页All SourcesAll Sources France.France.The World Factbook:CIAThe World Factbook:CIA.15 Mar.20 Mar.15 Mar.20 Mar.France.France.World Perspective MondeWorld Perspective Monde.20 Mar.20 Mar.French Government.French Government.Discover FranceDiscover France.20 Mar.20 Mar.Government of France.Government of France.WikipediaWikipedia.16 Mar.20 Mar.16 Mar.20 Mar.France/Transnational Issues.France/Transnational Issues.WikipediaWikipedia.20 Mar.20 Mar.France.France.WikipediaWikipedia.19 Mar.Wikipedia Foundation,Inc.20 Mar.19 Mar.Wikipedia Foundation,Inc.20 Mar.Culture of France.Culture of France.Travour.ComTravour.Com.20 Mar.20 Mar.Geography of France.Geography of France.WikipediaWikipedia.16 Mar.20 Mar.16 Mar.20 Mar.第46页