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汉英翻译基础-主题翻译.doc
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1、汉英翻译基础 -主题翻译Text 1 青岛坐落在山东半岛南部,依山临海,天姿秀美,气候凉爽,人称“东方瑞士”。白天,青岛宛如镶嵌在黄海边的绿宝石,夜里则像一只在大海中摆动的摇篮,难怪许多人乐意来这里疗养。 Useful Words and Expressions 词汇提示 山东半岛 Shandong Peninsula 依山临水 wedged between hills and waters 天姿秀美 a beautiful scenery “东方瑞士” “the Switzerland of the Orient” 镶嵌 inlaid 疗养 to seek rest and relaxati
2、on难怪 no wonder Reference Version 参考译文 Qingdao, known as the “Switzerland of the Orient”, is situated on the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula. Wedged between hills and waters, the city is endowed with beautiful scenery and a delightful climate. By day, she looks like a green gem inlaid in the coast
3、line of the Yellow Sea and, at night, a cradle rocking upon the sea waves. No wonder so many people come to seek rest and relaxation. Translation Difficulty 翻译难点:专有名词 专有名词包括地名、人名、书刊名、机构团体名等。翻译时一般有其习惯的译法,应采用统一的译法和格式。A音译的专有名词 国名、地名、人名等一般采用音译,并且遵循以下两项原则:(1) 名从主人 专有名词的音译应以该名词所在国家的语言发音为准。汉语专有名词以汉语拼音音译,人名
4、姓在前,名在后,双名拼写在一起,不分开,不用连字符。地名拼写成一个词。如:黑龙江(Heilongjiang)。如果地名的第一个字的拼音以元音结尾,第二个字的拼音又以元音打头,则在两个元音之间加apostrophe(),以免读错。如,西安(Xian),泰安(Taian)。(2) 约定俗成 有些专有名词沿用多年,广泛流传,虽不合音译标准,也没有再改动的必要。如:孔子(Confucius),孙中山(Sun Yat-sen),蒋介石(Chiang Kaishek),长江(the Yangtze River),西藏(Tibet),松花江(the Sungari River)。B意译或音意兼译的专有名词(
5、) 地名、山名、河名 有些地名、山名、河名已通用意译,特别是名胜古迹,多采用意译或音意兼译方法。如: 故宫 Palace Museum;Imperial Palace;the Forbidden City 颐和园 Summer Palace 太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony 龙门石窟 Longmen Grottoes 拉萨布达拉宫 the potala Palace of Lasa 黄果树瀑布 Huangguoshu Fall 天坛 Temple of Heaven(2) 书报杂志、党政机关团体、影视戏剧等的名称 中国日报 China Daily 北京周报 Beijing
6、 Review 政协 Chinese Peoples Public Consultative Conference 民盟 China Democratic League 国务院办公厅 General Office of the State Council 中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions Supplementary Vocabulary and Expression 补充词汇避暑胜地 summer resort兵马俑 terra-cotta warriors and horses彩塑 color sculpture茶楼 teahouse出
7、土文物 unearthed cultural relics敦煌石窟 Dunhuang Caves佛教经卷 Buddha texts佛塔 Buddhist pagoda工艺精湛 exquisite workmanship古建筑群 ancient architectural complex鼓楼 drum tower桂林山水甲天下 Guilin scenery tops in the world.国画 traditional Chinese paintings皇帝祭天 The scenes of emperors praying for good harvests皇家园林 the imperial
8、garden婚丧嫁娶风俗 the local conditions and customs of wedding and funeral金刚 the Guardians举世闻名的旅游景观 world-renowned attractions孔庙祭典 a memorial ceremony at Confucius Temple旅游景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot;tourist destination旅游资源 tourist resources罗汉 the Disciples of the Buddha民间艺术节 folklore festival民俗风情
9、folklore;folk custom名胜古迹 places of historical interestrelics and scenic beauty莫高窟 Mogao Grotto漂流河 drift river品尝风味小吃 to taste the food of local taste人文景观 places of historic figures and cultural heritage山清水秀 beautiful mountains and clear waters山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers;landscape诗情画意 a sce
10、ne full of poetic and artistic conception石窟画廊 fresco石林 the Stone Forest石牌坊 memorial stone archways手工艺品 handicraftsartifact水上街市 overwater market丝绸之路 the Silk RoadRoute唐三彩 tricolor-grazed pottery;ceramics of the Tang Dynasty藤桥 cane bridge题咏 inscriptions and poems体验异国情调 to experience the obvious exotic
11、 atmosphere天下第一泉 the finest spring under heaven土特产 special local products外汇年收入 annual foreign currency earnings文房四宝 the four stationery treasures of the Chinese study including writing brushes,ink sticks,ink stones and paper文化遗产 cultural heritage文人墨客 men of letters;writer and poets珍禽奇兽和奇花异草 unique a
12、nd intriguing animals and flora中国民间艺术绝活 Chinese unique skills in folk art自然奇观 natural splendor;attractionText 2创建一个品牌需要时间,金钱和市场知识。一些中国品牌以有竞争力的价位为后盾,已经挤进了国际市场,但同时也采用了其他战略。例如“海尔”中国最著名的家用电器生产商,已经明显地从价格战略上转变过来,以产品质量、高效的销售和售后服务来进行竞争。 Useful Words and Expressions 词汇提示 品牌 brand 市场知识 market savvy 价位 pricing
13、 以为后盾 on the back of “海尔” Haier 家用电器 home-appliance 转变 to steer away 销售 distribution 售后服务 after-sales service Translation Difficulty 翻译难点:称谓的译法 在称谓和称呼方面,汉语文化与英语文化差异甚大,为汉英翻译带来很大困难。最突出的特点是:汉语亲属称谓语不但可以称呼亲属,而且可以称呼非亲属。这种亲属称谓泛化的现象在汉语中十分普遍,在英语中极为罕见。因此,翻译时,必须真正弄清被称呼人的身份、地位、以及与他人的关系,以相应的英语称谓译出。如果英语里没有对应词,可以采
14、取音译、意译、释译等多种处理方法。下列译例可以说是前人为我们做出的有意义的尝试。A亲属称谓1正当二嫂从一口锅内抓一撮芝麻查看时,炒棚门口突然响起闺女芝儿的尖声急叫:“娘,娘!快,快来!”Ersao was just about to take a pinch of sesame out of one of the pots to check it when her daughter named Iris appeared in the doorway of the shed and screeched, “Mum, quick! Come quick!”2太阳这么高了,大姑奶奶怎么还不露面?I
15、ts so late now, Why hasnt my niece shown up?3如今就打赵姨娘屋里起了脏来也容易,我只怕又伤着一个好人的体面。红楼梦64回Actually I could easily find the evidence in Concubine Chaos rooms, but I was afraid that would make another good person lose face.4老艾忙说:“算啦,算啦!个人的机器好比个人的娃儿,当老汉的不了解他,爱护他,还算是老汉吗?”“Forget it,” he told me, “Ones machine i
16、s just like ones baby. If its dad doesnt know it and take good care of it, can he be called a good dad?”B用亲属称谓称呼非亲亲属5一天,邻居王二婶不小心把钥匙锁在家里。One day, through carelessness, Wang Ers wife, one of his elderly neighbors, locked herself out.6前不久,王嫂给他介绍一位叫蓉蓉的姑娘,她长得俊俏,白皙细嫩的皮肤,柳眉下一双水汪汪的眼睛,显得挺有神。Not long age, Mrs
17、. Wang introduced him to another girl called Rongrong. She was pretty and fair, with long and crescent eyebrows and clear and bright eyes.C绰号称谓7到五月中旬,城仍未攻克,太平军为了摆脱敌人,重金贿赂“杨大头”。By mid-May,the siege still unsuccessful, the Taiping pay a massive bribe to Bighead Yang to leave them unpursued.8“老爱”,姓艾名得胜
18、,人称“爱得深”。上个星期天,我和老爱进城回来,刚下车就听李二娃喊:“老爱,你那宝贝出事啦!”The person Im going t0 tell you about is called Ai Desheng Lao Ai 0r Old Love for short. Last Sunday Ai and I went downtown. The moment we stepped down from the car back Dom the city, we heard Li Erwa shout to us, “Lao Ai, something has happened to your
19、 love.” Supplementary Vocabulary And Expressions 补充词汇包运 to charter a ship保险单 policy form保险凭证 certificate of insurance备有现货,欢迎选购。 We have stock-goods available. You are welcome to make your selection.标签 label畅销 best-selling畅销货 the best-selling goods成交 come to terms;Conclude the business成套设备 to introdu
20、ce complete plants大量生产 mass production分批运 partial shipment符合 in conforming with高效销售 efficient distribution公证处 public surveyor供货能力 availability管理技术 management expertise广告份额 shares of advertising广告攻势 aggressive advertising规格 specification国际品牌 international brand国内知名度 national recognition合资经营 joint ven
21、ture还价 a counter-offer价格合理 reasonable price;economical price领导潮流 trend-setting流通渠道 distribution channels品牌潜力 brand potential品质优良 excellent quality让步 to make a concession商检局 the Commodity Inspection Bureau生意兴隆 a brisk business受理索赔 to entertain the claim售后服务 after-sales service数码科技 digital technology通
22、融 to make an exception推广 to promote;to sell脱销 be on the point of being sold out外贸政策 foreign trade policy完好无损 sound and intact稳价 a firm offer物美价廉 goods of high quality and moderate price先进的专业器材 advanced professional equipment享有盛名 enjoy a good reputation消费市场 consumer markets销售合同 sales confirmation销售和服
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