六级翻译.doc

六级汉译英常考句型
1.During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him（他一开始说话，就被听众打断了）
2.surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降)
3.The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son’s having been admitted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了)
4.The lecture was so boring that the students couldn’t help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠)
5.I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school(好心载我一程去学校)
6.(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.
7.It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了) when Dr.Mark became its first president.
8.Mrs.Smith shut the window lest the noise outside (should) interfere with her son’s sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)
9.The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺)
10.When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth.
11.The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it stopped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了)
12.What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式)
13.This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道)
14.The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力)
15.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。
16.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, enables more women to take full advantages of employment of opportunities.(使得更多的妇女能够充分利用就业机会)
17.The likely reactions of the market needs considering carefully before action are token(在采取行动之前需要认真考虑)
18.He made such a contribution to the university that they named one of the buildings after him(以他的名字为其中一栋楼命名)
19.He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considering insufficiently popular with all members(因为考虑他无法得到全体成员的欢迎)
20.Americans eat twice more protein than (两倍多的蛋白质)they actually need every day。
21.When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct, otherwise you can’t make yourself understood.(否则人家就听不懂你的意思了)
22.My little daughter Marry, began to adapt herself to campus life after entering college for three months.(进入大学三个月后开始慢慢适应校园生活)
23.Many drivers think it necessary that the government should lay down more stricter traffic rules(政府制定更加严格的交通规则)
24.Depending on what you are looking form you have to judge for yourself, how relevant the material to you(這些材料对你来说有多大相关性)
25.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.(等到完成的時候恐怕早就失去了所有价值)
26.It was imperative that the secretary get these documents prepared before Tuesday.(秘书在周二之前把这些文件准备好)
27.No matter how frequently performed,(无论多么频繁的演奏)the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
28.To minimize the possibility of theft,(为了最大限度的减少盜窃发生的可能性), install a good alarm system.
29. I don’t think it is wise of you to show off your greater knowledge in front of the director.(我认为在把主任面前卖弄你懂得更多知识是不明智的)，for it may offend him.
30. With repeated hacker’s attack on your system, we came to realized the necessity of hiring a computer security expert.(我们正逐渐意识到请一位计算机安全专家的必要性)
31.Your work is good on the whole, but there is still room for improvement(但是仍然有需要改善的余地)
32.The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes it possible for plants to grow(这使得植物生长成为可能)
33.The father thought he could talked his daughter into changing her mind(他可以说服女儿改变主意)
34.Nowadays advertising fees of new products are out of proportion to the cost of production.与生产成本不成比例)
35. Few people don’t complain about the tedium of their jobs(很少人不抱怨工作单调乏味), but they will feel more bored if they do not work.
36.Henry has prepared a party for his girl friend, only to be told that she could not come by then(结果却被告知他到时候不能来)
37. Ture friendship foresees the needs of others rather than proclaims of ones’ own.(而不是声明自己的要求) although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it (但真正让我觉得买下它的) was the beautiful view through the window。
38. The government was accused of failure to fulfill its to improve urban traffic conditions.(没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺)
39. only in this way could we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.(我们才能在毕业之后尽快适应社会)
40. No sooner had I lit the candle than it was put out(我刚点着蜡烛，就被风吹灭了)
41. Surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot(没有选择只好当场投降)
42. I’m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services(作为一些服务的回报，我的老板慷慨的同意将我的欠款一笔勾销)
43. Being out of work and having two children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet(夫妻两发现勉强维持升级是不能的)
44. Generally speaking, when taken according to the direction(按照说明服用时), the drug has no side effect。
45. Some people argue that most crime can be attributed to the greed for money.(可归咎于对金钱的贪婪)
46.Finding it difficult to adapt to that climate there(发现很难适应那里的气候), he decided to move to the north.
47. Over a third fo the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.(没有机会享受医疗保健服务)

六级汉译英讲义
（一）汉译英应试原则和基本程序
一、汉译英应试原则
　　手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)
　　语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)
　　内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)
　　语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)
二、汉译英基本程序
　　1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义
　　2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词
　　3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。

（二）汉译英专项练习
一、倍数增减的表示法
　　1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
　　2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
　　3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
　　4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).
　　5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态
　　1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).
　　2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).
　　3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).
　　4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).
　　5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).
　　6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态
　　1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
　　2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).
　　3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).
　　4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).
　　5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词
　　1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).
　　2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
　　3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
　　4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).
　　5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气
　　1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
　　2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
　　3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
　　 —— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
　　4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
　　5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
　　6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).
　　7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).
　　8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).
　　9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
　　10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
　　11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
　 12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
　　13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
　　14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).
　　15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.
　　16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).
　　17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
　　18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).
　　19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
　　20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
　　21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).
　　22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿). 

六、不定式
　　1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).
　　2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).
　　3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).
　　4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).
　　5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).
　　6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
　　7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).
　　8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).
　　9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).
　　10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).
　　11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).
　　12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).
　　13) They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).
　　14) He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).
　　15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).
　　16) I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).
　　17) She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).
　　18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).
　　19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打桥牌).
　　20) We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

七、分词
　　1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).
　　2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
　　3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).
　　4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).
　　5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).
　　6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
　　7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.
　　8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
　　9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

八、动名词
　　1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
　　2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).
　　3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).
　　4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).
　　5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).
　　6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

九、非谓语动词用法区别
　　1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
　　2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).
　　3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).
　　4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).
　　5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).
　　6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).
　　7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
　　8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
　　9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
　　10) The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

十、名词从句
　　1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.
　　2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
　　3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.
　　4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).
　　5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).
　　6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
　　7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).
　　8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).
　　9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.
　　10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).
　　11) It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).
　　12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
　　13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).
　　14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议)

十一、定语从句
　　1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
　　2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).
　　3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).
　　4) Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).
　　5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
　　6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).
　　7) _______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.

十二、状语从句
　　1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.
　　2) _______________(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.
　　3) _______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
　　4) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).
　　5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).
　　6) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).
　　7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).

十三、比较级最高级
　　1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?
　　2) The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).
　　3) This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).
　　4) The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).

十四、倒装句
　　1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).
　　2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
　　3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).
　　4) Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).
　　5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).

十五、强调句
　　1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.
　　2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.
　　3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.
　　4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
　　5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析
一、倍数增减的表示法
　　1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 (考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than)
　　2) reacts three times as fast as the other one (考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as)
　　3) is 49 times the size of the moon (考点：倍数 + 名词)
　　4) wants to raise the rent by a third (考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数)
　　5) plan to double their investment (考点：double + 名词)
二、时态
　　1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church (考点：将来完成时)
　　2) the children had fallen asleep (考点：过去完成时)
　　3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside (考点：将来进行时)
　　4) have been revising my resume all the morning (考点：现在完成进行时)
　　5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
(考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)
　　6) He has been in the army for 5 years
　　 (考点：1. 现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)
三、被动语态
　　1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector (考点：被动语态的现在进行时)
　　2) will have been published by the end of this year (考点：被动语态的将来完成时)
　　3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work (考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)
　　4) I was startled, for the