英语种时态表.doc

|英语16种时态表英语时态表英语时态表时态名称结构常连用的词重要用法例句一般现在时1 由be的is am are表达，之后接名词，形容词或介词。every,sometimes,always,never,often, usually等。一般现在时表达没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态陈述句：I am an office worker.He is so lazy.They are at home now.否认句： I am not Tim.She is not very beauiful.They are not in the office.一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant?Is she beautiful?2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否认句，用do或dont。第三人称时用does或doesnt,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.陈述句：I work in Shanghai.He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否认句: I dont like the food in KFC.Davy doesnt like the food in KFC either.一般疑问句:Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?一般过去时。1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表达。Is am-was;are-were.yesterday,last week,an hour ago，the day before yesterday,in 1997。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful.We were in Beijing last year.否认句: I was not at home at that moment.We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?Was she in the office last week?2由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否认句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否认句: I didnt work here.They didnt see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America?Did he work in Sunmoon?时态名称结构常连用的词重要用法例句一般将来时1 任何人称+will+动词原形.tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.即将发生动作或状态。陈述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.He will go with us.We will arrive in Shanghai next week.否认句:I will never believe you again.He will not come tonight.We will not buy a car next year.一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?Will he come tomorrow?Will they live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表达计划打算做什么事情。陈述句：Im going to go to Kongkong by air.否认句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?过去将来时was/were going to +V原形在过去将会发生的动作。陈述句：I was going to buy a computer.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.否认句:I was not going to buy a computer.任何人称+would +V原形He said he would come in in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day.时态名称结构常连用的词重要用法例句现在进行时is/am/are+Vingnow,at the（this）momentLook!(放在句首)Listen! (放在句首)表达现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。陈述句：Im waiting for my boy friend.He is doing the housework at home now.We are enjoying ourselves.否认句:He is not playing toys.一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?Where are they having a meal?过去进行时was/were+Vingat that timeat 10 oclock last nightat that moment等过去具体的时间过去一段时间正在发生的动作。陈述句：I was doing my homework at that time.We were having a party while he was sleeping.否认句:He was not sleeping at 11 oclock last night.一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment?时态名称结构常连用的词重要用法例句现在完毕时have/has +done（过去分词）already；just(not just now)yet；ever；never；for two weeks；for a year；for several days；since 2023since last week用来表达之前已发生或完毕的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表达连续到现在的动作或状态。简朴的说，就是动作已经发生对现在导致明显的影响。陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for nearly 10 years.否认句:I havent finished my homework.Tim hasnt come yet.We havent heard any news about him一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company?特别注意：1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.They have always been in America.2. have/has gone to:去了。He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.3. have/has been to:表达去过或到过。I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.过去完毕时had + done（过去分词）by the end of last yearby last year动作发生在过去的过去。陈述句：He said he had told Davy.They told us they had finished the work.He left the office after he had called Davy.否认句:She hadnt had dinner before she went out.一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?补充：一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否认形式。陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否认句：I cant swim at all. You mustnt（表达严禁） smoke in the office.一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?由情态动词的过去式构成，cancould.She could walk when she was one year old.I could not speak English one year ago.二、各种时态用法补充：1、一般现在时(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看见他，就把消息告诉他。(2)某些表达起始的动词，可用一般现在时表达按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例：Tomorrow at this time well give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.2、一般将来时(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表达准备做或即将发生的事情。例：Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money.(2)be to +v表达计划安排将要做的事。例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.(3)be about to+v表达即将发生的事情。例：We are about to start.(4)be due to+v表达预先拟定了的、必然要发生的事。例：His book is due to be published in October.他的书预定10月份出版。(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。例：The country is on the verge of civil war.这个国家就要打内战了。3、现在进行时(1)表达现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表达赞扬或厌恶等语气)。例：John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。(2)表达根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词，即表达从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.他们下个月去香港。(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时，这是一类表达“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表达感觉的动词)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表达感情的动词)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表达存在状态的动词)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表达占有与从属的动词)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表达思考、理解的动词)。但是假如它们词义改变，有时也可使用进行时态。例：Jane looks pale.Whats wrong with him?珍妮看上去脸色苍白，她怎么了？(look在此为联系动词)例：Jane is looking for his books.珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)4完毕进行时完毕进行时是完毕时的强调形式。5完毕时态(1)现在完毕时与与一般过去时的区别：现在完毕时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系，如所发生的结果、影响等；而一般过去时只表达动作发生在过去表达某一时刻，不表达与现在的关系。(2)完毕时态可用在下列结构中：This(That,it)is(was )the first(second.)time+定语从句：This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句；This (This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。假如主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完毕时；假如主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词通常用过去完毕时。例1：This is the first time(that )Ive drunk Californian champagne.这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。例2：There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.有人敲门，这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完毕时，表达过去的希望，预期，意图或愿望等没有实现。例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.我本来打算星期一离开，但最终还是继续留下来了。此外两种表达“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：7.was / were+ to have done sth.例1：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt.我们本想昨天来的，但我们来不了。8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.我本想告诉你这件事，但我忘掉了。9.过去完毕时常用于以下固定句型：(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完毕时(倒装形式)+when +过去时例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.我一到达就有新问题要解决。(2) no sooner+过去完毕时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.这话刚说出口，他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。(3)by(the end of )+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完毕时。例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到那年年终，亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票英语八种时态一览表金山 编写整理八种时态介绍：一一般现在时态：表达现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语： every , sometimes, always, never, often, usually等。 1 由be的is am are表达，之后接名词，形容词或介词。陈述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now.否认句： I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?特殊疑问句：What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否认句，用do或dont。第三人称时用does或doesnt,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否认句: I dont like the food in KFC. Davy doesnt like the food in KFC either.一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?特殊疑问句：What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?3 由情态动词can, must, may构成。may没有否认形式。陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否认句：I cant swim at all. You mustnt（表达严禁） smoke in the office.一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?二 一般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the day before yesterday,in 1997。1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表达。Is am-was;are-were.陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否认句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week?特殊疑问句：Where were you last night? When were you in that company?2 由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否认句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否认句: I didnt work here. They didnt see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?特殊疑问句：Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?3 由情态动词的过去式构成，cancould.She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.三 一般将来时态：即将发生动作或状态。时间状语有：tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.1 任何人称+will+动词原形.I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they come here?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表达计划打算做什么事情。Im going to go to Kongkong by air. We are not going to buy a house here.Are they going to change their jobs? How are you going to tell him?四 过去将来时态；在过去将会发生的动作。构成：任何人称+would +V原形 was/were going to +V原形He said he would come in in Shanghai. I sai I would buy you a car one day.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.五 现在进行时态：表达现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作：now, at the（this）moment构成：is/am/are+Ving Im waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home nowHe is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal?六 过去进行时态：过去一段时间正在发生的动作。构成：was/were+Ving I was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 oclock last night.What were you doing at that moment?We were having a party while my neighbour is sleeping.七 现在完毕时态：用来表达之前已发生或完毕的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表达连续到现在的动作或状态。简朴的说，就是动作已经发生对现在导致明显的影响。常用的时间 fortwo /weeks/years；forseveraldays； since 2023/ Apr.23/lastweek/theaccident 构成：have/has +done（过去分词）I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years.I havent finished my homework.Tim hasnt come yet.We havent heard any news about him How long have you worked in this company? 特别注意：1 have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America. 2 have/has been to:表达去过或到过。I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.3 have/has gone to:去了。He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema.八 过去完毕时态：发生在过去的过去。构成：had + done He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work.She had had dinner before she went out.He left the office after he had called Davy.