英语句子成分和五种简单句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx
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1、句子成份第1页英语基本成份有八种:英语基本成份有八种:主语(主语(subject)谓语(谓语(predicate)宾语(宾语(object)表语(表语(predicative)定语(定语(attribute)状语状语(adverbial)补足语补足语(complement)同位语(同位语(appositive)第2页主语主语:是一个句子所叙述主体,普通位于句首。是一个句子所叙述主体,普通位于句首。但在但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。态动词后面。v1)Mr.Lee
2、 is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)What we shall do next is not yet decided.第3页谓语谓语:说明主语动作或所处状态。说明主语动作或所处状态。谓语谓语(predicate)或或谓语动词谓语动词(predicateverb)位置普通在主语之后。谓位置普通在主语之后。谓语由语由简单动词简单动词或或动词短语动词短语(助动词或情态动词主要(助动词或情态动词主要动词)组成。动词)组成。v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.
3、v2)I would like to invite all my friends here.v5)He is working in the garden.第4页表语表语:是谓语一部分,它位于系动词是谓语一部分,它位于系动词(如如be,become)be,become)之后,之后,与系动词一起组成复合谓语,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状与系动词一起组成复合谓语,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。v1)Wangs father is a doctor.(名词)(名词)v2)He is always careless.(形容词)(形容词
4、)v3)The basketball match is on.(副词)(副词)v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.(介词短语)(介词短语)第5页宾语宾语:表示动作对象或承受者,普通位于及物动词或表示动作对象或承受者,普通位于及物动词或介词后面介词后面.v1)Wang Ling give me a book to read in the bus.(双(双宾语)宾语)v2)The medicine is good for this boy.v3)Do you understand what I mean?第6页定语定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定
5、作用词、短语或句子,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用词、短语或句子,汉语中惯用汉语中惯用表示。表示。vMary is a chemistry teacher.(名词作定语)(名词作定语)vHe is our friend.(代词作定语)(代词作定语)vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形(形容词作定语)容词作定语)vThe man over there is my old friend.(副词作定语副词作定语)第7页状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目等。1)She sings qu
6、ite well.(副词)(副词)2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(介词短语)(介词短语)3)Arriving there,call me up.4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.5)He is very handsome.第8页补足语补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语性质、状态。用来补充说明宾语或主语性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。分为宾补和主补。v主补:对主语补充。主补:对主语补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the
7、 next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.第9页宾语补足语宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语动作在宾语后面补充说明宾语动作,状态状态,特征特征.vWe elected him monitor.(名词作宾补)(名词作宾补)vWe will make them happy.(形容词作宾补)(形容词作宾补)vWe found nobody in.(副词作宾补副词作宾补)vPlease make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补)(介词短语作宾补)vDont let him do that.(省(省to不定式名词
8、作宾补)不定式名词作宾补)vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.v(带(带to不定式名词作宾补)不定式名词作宾补)vDont keep the fire burning.(现在分词名词作宾补)(现在分词名词作宾补)vIll have my bike repaired.(过去分词名词作宾补)(过去分词名词作宾补)第10页v同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后是在名词或代词之后,对其作深入解释或说对其作深入解释或说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如:和从句
9、等均可作同位语。如:We students should study hard.(students是we同位语,都是指同一批学生)We all are students.(all是we同位语,都指一样我们)The news that were having a holiday tomorrow is true.(从句作同位语)第11页英英语语句子基本句子基本结结构能构能够归纳够归纳成五种成五种基本句型及其基本句型及其扩扩大、大、组组合、省略或倒装。合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。一一:(主主谓谓)二二:(主系表主系表
10、)三三:(主主谓谓宾宾)四四:(主主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾)五五:(主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补)第12页基本句型基本句型 一一:(主主谓谓)主语主语:能够作主语成份有名词能够作主语成份有名词,主格代词主格代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词等等。主语普通在句首。动名词等等。主语普通在句首。谓语谓语:谓语由动词组成谓语由动词组成,是英语时态、语态是英语时态、语态改变主角改变主角,普通在主语之后。不及物动词普通在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:Wecome.第13页(不及物不及物动词动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesai
11、ddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly此句型句子有一个此句型句子有一个共同特点共同特点,即句子谓语即句子谓语动词动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词,后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第14页主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语,谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlys
12、oastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.第15页基本句型二基本句型二:(主系表主系表)此句型句子有一个共同特点此句型句子有一个共同特点:句子句子谓语谓语动词动词都不能表示一个完整意思都不能表示一个完整意思,必须加上必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语谓语,才能表示完整意思。这类才能表示完整意思。这
13、类动词动词叫做叫做连系动词。连系动词。第16页系系动词动词分两分两类类:be,look,keep,seem等等,表情况表情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类类,表改表改变变。be本身没有什么意本身没有什么意义义,只起只起连连系主系主语语和表和表语语作用。其它系作用。其它系动词动词仍保持其部分仍保持其部分词义词义。感官感官动词动词多可用作多可用作连连系系动词动词:lookwell/面色好面色好,soundnice/听起来不听起来不错错,feelgood/感感觉觉好好,smellbad/难闻难闻第17页(是系是系动词动词)(表表语语)1.ThisisanEnglish-
14、Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.第18页*Therebe结结构构:Therebe表示表示存在有存在有。这这里里there没有没有实际实际意意义义,不可与副不可与副词词there那里那里混同。混同。此此结结构后跟名构后跟名词词,表示表示“(存在存在)有某事物有某事物”。试试比比较较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个
15、男孩那儿有一个男孩)前一个前一个there无无实实意意,后一个后一个there为为副副词词那里那里。第19页系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起组成合成谓语。系动词和表语一起组成合成谓语。第20页一、系动词分类:一、系动词分类:一、系动词分类:一、系动词分类:常见系动词大致可分为三类。常见系动词大致可分为三类。常见系动词大致可分为三类。常见系动词大致可分为三类。第第一一类类:表表示示特特征征或或状状态态,有有bebe,looklook,feelfeel,seemseem,ap
16、pearappear,smellsmell,tastetaste,soundsound,turn out turn out(结果是、证实是)等。(结果是、证实是)等。Youll be all right soon.Youll be all right soon.You dont look very well.You dont look very well.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.第21页 He seems to be ill.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.It appears
17、 that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!How sweet the music sounds!The day turned out(to be)a fine one.The day turned out(to be)a fine one.第22页第第二二类类:表表示示从从一一个个状状态态到到另另一一个个状状态态改改变变,有有become,get
18、,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.第23页第第三三类类:表表示示保保持持状状态态,有有keepkeep,remainremain,continuecontinue,staystay等等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!The The weather weather continued continued fine fine for for a
19、a long long time.time.It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved.第24页系系动动词词后后表表语语能能够够是是名名词词、代代词词、数数词词、形形容容词词、分分词词、动动名名词词、不不定定式式、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、词词组组、从句,系动词从句,系动词bebe可用于上述全部情况。可用于上述全部情况。Thenewswassurprising.(分词)(分词)HisjobisteachingEnglish.(动名词)(动名词)Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式)(不定式)I
20、mustbeoffnow.(副词)(副词)Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介词短语)(介词短语)Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(词组)(词组)Thisiswhyhewaslate.(从句)(从句)第25页全部系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。全部系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold?Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/g
21、rowing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.第26页3.3.能能用用不不定定式式作作表表语语系系动动词词有有:appearappear,seemseem,getget,prove prove,remain remain,turn out turn out等。等。She appears/seems to be very young.She appears/seems to be very young.He appears/seems to have caught cold.He appears/seems to have caught cold.T
22、hey got to be friendsThey got to be friends。The meeting turned out to be successful.The meeting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be right.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.Much remains to be done.第27页4.4.能能接接从从句句有有:bebe,seemseem,appearappear,soundsound,looklook等。等
23、。Thats why he fell ill.Thats why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.My idea is that we should help him.It It seems/seems/appears appears to to me me that that something something is is wrong.wrong.It It sounds sounds to to me me as as if if someone someone were were trying trying to to g
24、et into the house.get into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.第28页5.5.能能接接介介词词短短语语有有:bebe,feelfeel,looklook,soundsound,taste taste,remainremain等。等。bebe是是尤尤其其活活跃跃系系动动词词,其其后后可可接接很
25、很多多介介词词短短语语作表语。作表语。He He is is at at home/home/in in the the library/library/on on the the way home/on holiday.way home/on holiday.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.The road is under repair.The road is under repair.第29页其它系动词能和介词搭配范围很小。如:其它系动词能和介词搭配范围很小。如:It feel
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