语法填空解题技巧【讲义】省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

1 1、阅读、阅读/了解了解语篇语篇能力能力;2 2、分析句子结构能力、分析句子结构能力;3 3、熟练利用语法能力。、熟练利用语法能力。1.语法填空题语法填空题能力要求能力要求第1页Whats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Filling?三步完成三步完成三步完成三步完成:概读了解概读了解 分析填空分析填空 连贯检验连贯检验语语 法法词法词法句法句法章法章法惯使用方惯使用方法法v思索：面对语法填空中如此繁杂语法点，思索：面对语法填空中如此繁杂语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢我们到底该怎样入手呢?第2页 Discuss with your group members Discuss with your group members about garmmar of blanks from 21to 30.about garmmar of blanks from 21to 30.讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳语法填空以要求依据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求依据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求依据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求依据上下文填入一个以动词动词动词动词(verb)(verb)（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）（或其适当形式）、名词名词名词名词(noun)(noun)、代词、代词、代词、代词(pronoun)(pronoun)、冠词冠词冠词冠词(article)(article)、介词、介词、介词、介词(prep.)(prep.)、情态动词、情态动词、情态动词、情态动词(modal(modal verbs)verbs)、连词、连词、连词、连词(conj)(conj)或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词(adj.)(adj.)和副词和副词和副词和副词(adv.)(adv.)考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。第3页 3.语法填空题语法填空题空格设计空格设计纯空格纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等助动词等有有提提醒醒词词谓语动词，非谓语动词，谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词比较级或最高级形容词或副词比较级或最高级第4页3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out 3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket of the pocket 冠词或冠词或(物主物主)代词代词 无提醒词无提醒词 可数名词单数之前可数名词单数之前1.There once were a goat and a donkey.So the 1.There once were a goat and a donkey.So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.donkey medicine made from its heart.2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure,I 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.He was 35_ shy,nervous think of Donnie.He was 35_ shy,nervous perfectionist.perfectionist.thethe a a hishis考查语法点考查语法点:定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词,物主代词使用方法物主代词使用方法讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳第5页归纳总结：假如句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数假如句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词冠词(a/the)、不定代词、不定代词(any,no,some,all,every.)和形和形容词性物主代词容词性物主代词(my,her,their,its)，名词全部格等进，名词全部格等进行修饰。行修饰。第6页连词或从句引导词连词或从句引导词 无提醒词无提醒词两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 1.It was not long 39_ the waitress came 1.It was not long 39_ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.suddenly was surprised at what she saw.2.2.Office workers tried to put out the fire,_ it was impossible to control it.beforebefore考查语法点考查语法点:各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词使用方法引导词使用方法讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳&找出找出谓语动词谓语动词；分清楚分清楚句子层次句子层次&理清理清分句关系分句关系；克服干扰，克服干扰，划掉修饰成份划掉修饰成份but第7页归纳总结：1从句子结构考虑，假如空格前后都有句子。则要依据上下文逻辑关系，选择适当副词或连词。表原因：because,for,since 等表结果：so,therefore,hence,thus 等表递进：further,furthermore,moreover,in addition 等表转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,While,althouhgh,though等第8页2 假如两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没相关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或隶属连词(1)that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引导定语从句)(2)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引导名词性从句)(3)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引导状语从句)(4)and,or but (连接并列句）第9页介词介词 无提醒词无提醒词 与名词相连组成介宾短语担任状语与名词相连组成介宾短语担任状语,补语补语,表语等表语等 与不及物动词组成动词短语接宾语与不及物动词组成动词短语接宾语1.In short,I believe that it is 39_ great use 1.In short,I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English to keep a dairy in English 2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I 2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back 34_the girl,who was giving me looked back 34_the girl,who was giving me the most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.the most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.ofof atat考查语法点考查语法点:介词基本使用方法及惯用搭配介词基本使用方法及惯用搭配讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳第10页归纳总结名词或代词前面空格也可能填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前 如：at night,on Sunday 也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in,be good at还可位于不及物动词之后，如 listen to,arrive at,look for 第11页特殊句式结构1 She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.2 Little_ we know his life.3 _ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.4 I _ go to the station to meet her but I didnt see her.5 It was in the street _I met an old classmate of mine the other day.itdoSodidthat第12页归纳总结由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填词1 由it is.that.强调句型2由it 作形式主语或宾语句式3 sosuch.that.句型4 组成倒装条件only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had 等5 强调谓语动词要填do,does,did.第13页 有提醒词有提醒词解题技巧解题技巧分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境谓语动词（时态和语态）谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词比较级或最高级形容词或副词比较级或最高级有有提提醒醒词词第14页动词给出提醒词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再详细解题。第15页谓语动词谓语动词 有提醒词有提醒词 与主语组成主谓结构与主语组成主谓结构1.I was certain she would like it because I 39 _ 1.I was certain she would like it because I 39 _(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.2.His fear of failure 36_(keep)him from 2.His fear of failure 36_(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.joyous abandon.was toldwas told keptkept考查语法点考查语法点:谓语动词时态及语态谓语动词时态及语态,及主谓一致及主谓一致讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳第16页技巧技巧1 1：句中没有谓语，或者即使已经句中没有谓语，或者即使已经有谓语动词，但需填词与已存在谓语主语有谓语动词，但需填词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例例1.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.closed 第17页例例2.All over the world,people move from place to place.More and more people_(leave)towns and farms to move to cities.This movement(move)to cities is called urbanization.are leaving 第18页例例3.Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking.Also the industry _(produce)cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days.is producing第19页例例4.Nobody knows what _(happen)if she had refused to pay.would have happened例例5.The international agreement,intended to encourage children not to smoke and _ (help)people kick the habit,_ (sign)on February 27 last summer.helpwas signed第20页例例6.The happiest(happy)of people dont necessarily(necessary)have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that _(come)along their es例例7.The country life he was used to _（change）greatly since the opening policy was carried out.has changed第21页非谓语动词非谓语动词 有提醒词有提醒词 除谓语动词以外动词形式除谓语动词以外动词形式1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_(receive)the gift.32_(receive)the gift.2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _(complete)the rest!_(complete)the rest!3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored 3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored her.her.receivingreceiving to completeto complete includedincluded考查语法点考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形使用非谓语动词及变形使用讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳第22页技巧技巧2 2：若句中已经有谓语动词，又不是若句中已经有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，形式，done形式，还是形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语形式形式。非谓语形式一定要考虑一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间它与其逻辑主语之间 关系。关系。第23页例例10.but it is not enough only _(memorize)rules from a grammar book.to memorize 例例11._(speak)out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed,on the contrarySpeaking 注意注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通惯用作主语或宾语时，通惯用doing/being done形式表示习惯或普通情况；形式表示习惯或普通情况；用用to do/to be done形式表示详细情况或未来；形式表示详细情况或未来；作状语用作状语用having done/having been done表示已发生。表示已发生。第24页例例12._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 例例14.Some people say that oldest children,who are smart and strong-willed,are very likely _(success.)to succeed 注意：作目状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。例例13.The young student did all that he could _(pass)the examinations.to pass第25页例例15.He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night willl be very dark.”saying 注意注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语关系确定形式。状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语关系确定形式。第26页例例16.There will be a meeting,_(start)later this year to review the film.learned 注意注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间关系确定形式。词之间关系确定形式。starting 例例17.Lessons_(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.第27页例例18.At 9:07pm,Sept.25,The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March-F carrier rocket into space.The launch of the Shenzhou VII is Chinas third manned space venture since October 23,when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries _(send)astronauts itno space.注意注意 ：名词前有名词前有 first,second,last,only修饰时，后面要用修饰时，后面要用to do /to have done 做后做后置定语。置定语。to have sent the only第28页例例19.Mr.Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _（repair）go wrong again.注意注意 ：固定结构如：固定结构如：have sth.done,see sth.done,the way to do 等。等。repaired例例20.Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work)out the problem.to work第29页词性转换词性转换 有提醒词有提醒词 介词介词,冠词冠词,全部格后接名词全部格后接名词,形容词形容词修饰名词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子句子1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).2.One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever 2.One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher made was for my high school English teacher 5.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _ 5.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.and a Chinese-English within easy reach.rudelyrudely worstworst suggestionsuggestion考查语法点考查语法点:各类词性正确使用及转化各类词性正确使用及转化讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳讨论归纳第30页技巧技巧2 2：词类转换题要先确定在句中成份。词类转换题要先确定在句中成份。dangerous例例19.In a _(danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand,they learnt to 例例20.There must be something_ (serious)wrong with our society.seriously第31页varieties例例21.Zheng Shouying,a professor at the Ford Science and Technology College of Nanjing Agriculture University,believes Chinese should learn to pick the best milk from the _(vary)that fill store shelves.第32页harder例例23.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could.He jumped even _(hard)and finally made himself out.unnecessary例例22.Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessity)work in the office.第33页请用刚才总结考点请用刚才总结考点,尝试用下面短文尝试用下面短文,进行语法填空命题进行语法填空命题1 挖出你认挖出你认为会考为会考10个空；个空；2 注明理由（比如：介词注明理由（比如：介词+名词）；名词）；3 时间：时间：3分钟。分钟。More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th,1974.The building was finished only a few months before the fire;it was Sao Paulos newest building.All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed.The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.No one knows how the fire started.Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices.Office workers tried to put out the fire,but it was impossible to control it.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.第34页考点分布考点分布考点考点数量数量动词动词(谓语谓语/非谓语非谓语)名词名词连词(隶属连词/并列连词)介词介词代词代词冠词冠词形容词形容词副词副词第35页 More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th,1974.The building was finished only a few months _2_ the fire;it was Sao Paulos newest building.All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed._4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor._6_knows how the fire started.Perhaps it was started by an _7_(electricity)fire in the ceiling of one of the offices.Office workers tried to put out the fire,_8_ it was impossible to control _9_.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape).One possible version 第36页 More than 220 people were killed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th,1974.The building was finished only a few months _ the fire;it was Sao Paulos newest building.All the 25 _ of the office building were completely destroyed._ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.which/thatbeforefloorsThe第37页 Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _ on the 11th floor._ knows how the fire started.Perhaps it was started by an _ (electricity)fire in the ceiling of one of the offices.Office workers tried to put out the fire,_ it was impossible to control _.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _(escape).broke outNo oneelectricalbutitto escape第38页总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升实词实词虚词虚词一依据句子结构，确定一依据句子结构，确定一依据句子结构，确定一依据句子结构，确定词性词性词性词性动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词代词代词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词词性词性普普通通有有提提示示词词无无提提示示词词主主主主 谓谓谓谓N./Pron.N./Pron.Vt.Vt.宾宾宾宾N./Pron.N./Pron.Vi.Vi.宾宾宾宾+prep.+prep.art.art.Adv.Adv.Adj.Adj.Adj.Adj._,_,_,_,Adv.Adv.,_ _ _ _ 主主主主 谓谓谓谓 conj./引导词引导词,X _X _X _X _非谓语动词非谓语动词第39页总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升二依据上下文意义及语法，确定二依据上下文意义及语法，确定二依据上下文意义及语法，确定二依据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形词形词形冠词冠词冠词冠词定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词,/物主代词使用方物主代词使用方法法并列句及复合句并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do,doing,done 及变形及变形谓语动词时态及语态谓语动词时态及语态,及主谓一致及主谓一致连词连词连词连词介词介词介词介词介词惯用使用方法及词组搭配介词惯用使用方法及词组搭配词性改变词性改变词性改变词性改变词汇词汇,构词法构词法谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词第40页学习提议学习提议：不停记忆，积累词汇不停记忆，积累词汇扎实基础，学好语法扎实基础，学好语法大声朗诵，培养语感大声朗诵，培养语感坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习Practice Makes Perfect!第41页精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！第42页精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！精品课件，你值得拥有精品课件，你值得拥有！第43页第44页