专业英语INORGANICCHEMICALNOMENCLATURE省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Inorganic Chemical Inorganic Chemical NomenclatureNomenclaturezengxiaopingzengxiaoping第1页Words and PhrasesStriking 突出，鲜明A fixed quantity of 一定量up to 一直到Saturation point 饱和点Get distorted in shape 变形第2页无机化合物命名（无机化合物命名（Inorganic Chemical NomenclatureInorganic Chemical Nomenclature）1 1、元素命名（元素周期表）、元素命名（元素周期表）(Periodical Table)(Periodical Table)第3页Names and Symbols for Some Chemical Elements SymbolNameSymbolNameSymbolNameHHydrogenNeNeonKPotassiumHeHelium NaSodiumCaCalciumLiLithiumMgMagnesium CuCopperBeBerylliumAlAluminumTiTitaniumBBoronSiSilicon AuGoldCCarbonPPhosphorus AgSilverNNitrogenSSulfurSnTinOOxygen ClChlorineFeIronFFluorineArArgon CoCobalt第4页Name of compounds For the naming of compounds of metals(oxides,hydroxides and salts)in which the metal may exhibit more than one oxidation state:The oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number.第5页e.g.FeBr2:iron(II)bromide;Cr2(SO4)3:chromium(III)sulfate假如不用罗马数字表明其价态，也可用离子名称表示e.g.FeCl2:Ferrous chloride (iron(II)chloride)FeCl3:Ferric chloride (iron(III)chloride)第6页No numeral is used if the metal has only one common oxidation numbere.g.NaCl:sodium chloride;Al(OH)3:aluminum hydroxideMonovalent,divalent,trivalent,etc.第7页Some Common Ions(Cation)1+2+3+Ammonium NH4+CalciumCa2+Aluminum Al3+HydrogenH+Copper(II)Cu2+Iron(III)Fe3+PotassiumK+Iron(II)Fe2+Chromium(III)Cr3+SodiumNa+Zinc Zn2+第8页1-2-3-Nitrate NO3-Carbonate CO32-Phosphate PO43-Hydroxide OH-Oxide O2-Phosphite PO33-Bromide Br-Sulfide S2-Chloride Cl-Sulfate SO42-Fluoride F-Sulfite SO32-第9页Naming nonmetal oxidesUsing the Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atom and that of the other element in the compoundsThe prefix used are:(1)mono-(mon-);(2)di-;(3)tri-;(4)tetra-;(5)penta-;(6)hexa-;(7)hepta;(8)octa-;(9)nona-;(10)deca-.Generally the letter“a”is omitted from the prefix(from tetra on)when naming a nonmetal oxide and often“mono-”is omitted from the name altogether 第10页Name of some nonmetal oxidesCOCarbon(II)oxideCarbon monoxideCO2Carbon(IV)oxideCarbon dioxideSO2Sulfur(IV)oxide?SO3?Sulfur trioxideN2O3Nitrogen(III)oxideDinitrogen trioxideP2O5Phosphorous(V)oxideDiphosphorous pentoxide第11页H3PO4:phosphoric acid PO4-:PhosphateH3PO3:phosphorous acid PO33-:phosphiteH2SO4:sulfuric acid;SO42-:sulfateH2SO3:sulfurous acid SO32-:sulfiteHClO4:perchloric acid;ClO4-:perchlorateHClO3:chloric acid ClO3-:chlorateHClO2:chlorous acid;ClO2-:chloriteHClO:hypochlorous acid ClO-:hypochloriteNames of some acids and acid ions第12页H2CO3:carbonic acid;CO32-:carbonateHNO3:nitric acid NO3-:nitrateHNO2:nitrous acid;NO2-:nitriteH2S:hydrosulfuric acid(aqueous solution)/hydrogen sulfide HCN:hydrocyanic acid(aqueous solution)/hydrogen cyanideCN-:cyanideHCl:hydrochloric acid(for aqueous solution)/hydrogen chloride 第13页Names are formed by adding the word“hydrogen”,with numerical prefix when necessary,to denote the replaceable hydrogen in the salt.Hydrogen should be followed without space by the name of the anion Anion:阴离子；Cation:阳离子e.g.NaHCO3:sodium hydrogencarbonate(sodium bicarbonate);LiH2PO4:lithium dihydorgenphosphate;Na2HPO4:Disodium hydrogenphosphateNaH2PO4:?Acid salt(Acid containing acid hydrogen)第14页聚合物相关专业词汇聚合物相关专业词汇1.macromolecule,polymer 高分子，又称高分子，又称“大分子大分子”2.supra polymer 超高分子超高分子3.natural polymer 天然高分子天然高分子4.inorganic polymer 无机高分子无机高分子5.organic polymer 有机高分子有机高分子6.inorganic organic polymer 无机无机-有机高分子有机高分子7.Organometallic polymer 金属有机聚合物金属有机聚合物8.element polymer 元素高分子元素高分子9.Oligomer 低聚物低聚物,齐聚物齐聚物“第15页10.Dimer 二聚体二聚体11.Trimer 三聚体三聚体12.Prepolymer 预聚物预聚物13.regular polymer 规整聚合物规整聚合物14.irregular polymer 非规整聚合物非规整聚合物15.Atacticpolymer 无规立构聚合物无规立构聚合物16.Isotacticpolymer 全同立构聚合物全同立构聚合物17.syndiotacticpolymer 间同立构聚合物间同立构聚合物18.heterotacticpolymer 无规立构聚合物无规立构聚合物19.stereoregularpolymer,tactic polymer有规立构聚合物有规立构聚合物,第16页20.monodispersepolymer,uniform polymer 单分散聚合物单分散聚合物21.polydispersepolymer,non-uniform polymer 多分散性聚合物多分散性聚合物22single-strand polymer 单股聚合物单股聚合物23.double-strand polymer 双股聚合物双股聚合物24.multi-strand polymer 多股聚合物多股聚合物25.carbon chain polymer 碳链聚合物碳链聚合物26.Heterochain polymer 杂链聚合物杂链聚合物27.heterocyclic polymer 杂环高分子杂环高分子第17页28.straight chain polymer 直链高分子直链高分子29.linear polymer 线型聚合物线型聚合物30.three-dimensionalpolymer 体型聚合物体型聚合物,又称又称“网络聚合物网络聚合物(network polymer)”、交联聚合物、交联聚合物(crosslinkedpolymer)。31.living polymer 活活性性高分子高分子32.dendrimer,dendriticpolymer,tree polymer 树状高分子树状高分子33.Branchedpolymer 支化聚合物支化聚合物34.hyperbranchedpolymer 超支化聚合物超支化聚合物35.graft polymer 接枝聚合物接枝聚合物第18页第19页第20页