英语翻译减词法市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

wOmission w减词法、省译法减词法、省译法第1页A COURSE OFTRANSLATIONENTERENTER第2页试译以下句子试译以下句子:1.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?2.There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.3.We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.4.Applicants who have worked at a job will receive preference over those who have not.5.He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.6.You cannot build a ship,a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it.第3页1.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?w冬天来了。春天还会远吗？冬天来了。春天还会远吗？2.There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.w天未下雪，但叶落草枯。天未下雪，但叶落草枯。3.We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.w我们应该逐步毁灭城镇差异。我们应该逐步毁灭城镇差异。4.Applicants who have worked at a job will receive preference over those who have not.w求职者中，有工作经验者将优先录用。求职者中，有工作经验者将优先录用。5.He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.w他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。6.You cannot build a ship,a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it.w不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。盖房子。第4页w省译法省译法/减译法是增译法减译法是增译法反面反面。w就同一个译例来说就同一个译例来说,英译汉假如用增译法英译汉假如用增译法,汉译英则应用省译法，汉译英则应用省译法，反之亦然。反之亦然。wThe lion is the king of animals.w 狮子是狮子是百百兽之王。兽之王。wIf winter comes,can spring be far behind?w 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？冬天来了，春天还会远吗？wI dont like soft drinks.w 我不爱喝饮料。我不爱喝饮料。第5页w所所谓谓省省译译法法,是是指指不不译译出出原原文文中中一一些些词词,因因为为译译文文中中虽虽无无其其词词已已经经有有其其义义或或在在译译文文中中是是不不言言而而喻喻。这这省省略略普普通通是是出出于于译译文文语语法法和和习习惯惯表表示示法法需需要要。不不过过省省译译决决不不是是删删去去原文一些思想内容原文一些思想内容。第6页w1.汉汉语语中中没没有有冠冠词词，代代词词（尤尤其其是是人人称称代代词词、关关系系代代词词）、连连词词、介介词词用用得得也也远远比比英英语语少少。所所以以，英英译译汉汉时时，减减译译自自然然就必不可少了。就必不可少了。w2.汉汉语语里里无无主主语语句句子子相相当当多多,而而英英语语则则不不一样一样,句子普通都需要有主语。句子普通都需要有主语。wI was very glad to have received your letter.w非常高兴收到你来信。非常高兴收到你来信。w3.汉语很多时候需要靠加词来说明，而英汉语很多时候需要靠加词来说明，而英语则更多靠一个词内在含义。语则更多靠一个词内在含义。w 财政财政赤字赤字 （financial）deficitw 广大广大群众群众 （broad）masses第7页省译法省译法/减译法减译法w1、主语省译、主语省译w2、宾语省译、宾语省译w3、定语省译、定语省译w4、连接词省译、连接词省译w5、冠词省译、冠词省译w6、介词省译、介词省译w7、其它、其它第8页主语省译w普通来说，句子主语是要译出来。但有普通来说，句子主语是要译出来。但有时为了使译文前后句子时为了使译文前后句子意思紧凑意思紧凑或者为或者为了使译文前后句子了使译文前后句子主语能清楚表示出来主语能清楚表示出来，就要省译主语。就要省译主语。wAfter they had entered the school,they went into the library.w他们入校后，就走进了图书馆。他们入校后，就走进了图书馆。wJohn left for London as soon as he received the letter from his mother.w约翰一收到母亲信就马上启程前往伦敦。约翰一收到母亲信就马上启程前往伦敦。第9页w一、一、“It”做主语表时间、距离、自然现做主语表时间、距离、自然现象，通常省译。象，通常省译。例：例：wWhat time is it?wIt is half past four.wIt is a long way from here to the zoo.wIts a bit warm today,isnt it?w今天有点暖和，是吗？今天有点暖和，是吗？wIt was just growing dark,as she shut the garden gate.w她关上园门时，已是暮色沧茫。她关上园门时，已是暮色沧茫。第10页w二、二、“It”作形式主语或强调句作形式主语或强调句“It”，要省译。，要省译。wIt is not so easy to get iron from its ore.从铁矿石中提炼铁不是那么轻易。从铁矿石中提炼铁不是那么轻易。Its no use quarrelling now.w强调句可译成强调句可译成 “（正（正/就）是就）是”It is the U.S.that is distorting and perverting the“Geneva spirit”.w在歪曲颠倒在歪曲颠倒“日内瓦精神日内瓦精神”正是美国。正是美国。It was the blue car that passed over the bridge.第11页w三、三、“It”普通使用方法是指人以外事普通使用方法是指人以外事物，但作主语指人时，要省译。物，但作主语指人时，要省译。如：如：-Who is it?-Its me.w -是谁呀？是谁呀？-是我。是我。w-Is it Mr.Wang?-No,it is Dr.Green.w-是王先生吗？是王先生吗？-不，是格林大夫。不，是格林大夫。第12页w四、人称代词作主语，四、人称代词作主语，有时有时要省译：要省译：1）汉语习惯是前面有主语，后句仍为同）汉语习惯是前面有主语，后句仍为同一主语，就无须重复出现。而英语中通一主语，就无须重复出现。而英语中通常每句都有主语，所以人称代词作主语常每句都有主语，所以人称代词作主语往往屡次出现，这种人称代词汉译时经往往屡次出现，这种人称代词汉译时经常能够省略；常能够省略；2）泛指泛指英语人称代词做主语时，即使是英语人称代词做主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也能够省略。作第一个主语，译文中往往也能够省略。第13页e was tired and weary and he looked miserable.他疲惫不堪，看上去一副可怜相。他疲惫不堪，看上去一副可怜相。But its the way I am,and try as I might,I havent been able to change it.不过我就是这个脾气，即使想改，终未能改掉。不过我就是这个脾气，即使想改，终未能改掉。We live and learn.活到老，学到老。活到老，学到老。We eat to live,but not live to eat.(我们我们)为生存而吃饭，而不应该为吃饭而生存。为生存而吃饭，而不应该为吃饭而生存。第14页宾语省译宾语省译 1）“it”作形式宾语要省译：作形式宾语要省译：Jack thought it no use writing this.杰克认为写这个东西是无济于事。杰克认为写这个东西是无济于事。第15页 2）英语中人称代词作宾语，假如汉译后显）英语中人称代词作宾语，假如汉译后显出它在句中是个多出词，能够省译。出它在句中是个多出词，能够省译。如：如：Please excuse me，but I have to.请原谅（请原谅（我我），不过我不得不这么做。），不过我不得不这么做。The industrial waste gases are harmful to us and we should by all means remove them.工业废气对我们是有害，应尽力排除。工业废气对我们是有害，应尽力排除。He has received your letter and read it with delight.他收到了你信，很高兴地读了。他收到了你信，很高兴地读了。第16页试译以下句子：试译以下句子：1)One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.2)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.3)Its your pen,I found it on the playground.4)He is playing football now,we all see him.5)Each teacher is given a dictionary,have you got it?第17页1)One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.要掌握好一门外语，非下苦功不可。要掌握好一门外语，非下苦功不可。2)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.新中国处处能够看到新人、新事物。新中国处处能够看到新人、新事物。3)Its your pen,I found it on the playground.这是你钢笔，我在操场上找到。这是你钢笔，我在操场上找到。4)He is playing football now,we all see him.他在踢足球，我们都看见了。他在踢足球，我们都看见了。5)Each teacher is given a dictionary,have you got it?每个教师都发了一本字典，你拿到了吗每个教师都发了一本字典，你拿到了吗?第18页定语省译定语省译w在在英英语语里里凡凡是是说说到到一一个个人人器器官官和和归归他他全全部部或或与与他他相相关关事事物物时时，总总要要在在前前面面加加上上物物主主代代词词。而而这这些些物物主主代代词词从从汉汉语语角角度度来看通常是多出。来看通常是多出。比如比如:He shrugged his shoulders,shook his head but said nothing.他耸了耸肩他耸了耸肩,摇了摇头摇了摇头,一句话也没说。一句话也没说。I have just completed my fiftieth year.我刚满五十岁。我刚满五十岁。第19页 再如再如:He glanced at his watch;it was 9:00.他一看表，他一看表，9点了。点了。He put on his coat and hat and went to a chemists shop.他穿上外衣，戴上帽子，到药店去了。他穿上外衣，戴上帽子，到药店去了。The driver suddenly got into a panic and stopped his car.这位司机突然受了惊吓，把车停了下来。这位司机突然受了惊吓，把车停了下来。第20页连接词省译连接词省译w汉语重意合，词语之间连接词用不多，汉语重意合，词语之间连接词用不多，其上下逻辑关系经常是暗含，由词语次其上下逻辑关系经常是暗含，由词语次序来表示。英语重形合，连接词用比较序来表示。英语重形合，连接词用比较多。所以，英译汉时在很多情况下可无多。所以，英译汉时在很多情况下可无须把连接词译出来。须把连接词译出来。（一）省略表（一）省略表并列连接词并列连接词。例：。例：The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.w 阳光灿烂，晴空万里。阳光灿烂，晴空万里。Mr.Bingley is good-looking and gentleman-like.w宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼。宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼。第21页（二）省略表示原因连词；二）省略表示原因连词；英语因果句普通用连接词表示原因，而英语因果句普通用连接词表示原因，而汉语则往往经过词序先以后表示因果关汉语则往往经过词序先以后表示因果关系，系，“因因”在前，在前，“果果”在后。所以，在后。所以，汉译时常能够把原文中连接词省掉不译。汉译时常能够把原文中连接词省掉不译。比如：比如：We stayed at home as the weather was too cold outside.w天气太冷了，我们呆在家里。天气太冷了，我们呆在家里。He didnt come to the class as he still run a fever.w他发烧了，没有来上课。他发烧了，没有来上课。第22页（三）省略表条件连接词；（三）省略表条件连接词；表示条件连接词表示条件连接词“if”，普通译为，普通译为“假假如如”、“假如假如”等，但在日常口语体或等，但在日常口语体或文言文结构中，能够省略不译。文言文结构中，能够省略不译。比如：比如：If winter comes,can spring be far behind?w 冬天来了。春天还会远吗？冬天来了。春天还会远吗？If I had known it,I would not have joined it.w 早知如此，我就不参加了。早知如此，我就不参加了。If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home.w 明天下雨我就呆在家里了。明天下雨我就呆在家里了。第23页（四）省略表时间连接词。（四）省略表时间连接词。w表表示示时时间间关关系系when和和as等等，汉汉译译时时普普通通用用“当当时时”，或或仅仅用用“时时”。但但如如汉汉语语时时间间先先后后次次序序显显著著，为为了了简简略略起起见见，“当当时时”或或“时时”往往往往能能够够省省略。略。例：例：We are busy with our studies after the summer vacation.暑假结束，我们又投入到担心学习之中。暑假结束，我们又投入到担心学习之中。When it is dark in the east,it is light in the west;when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。第24页冠词省译w 英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，所以，英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，所以，英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。例：英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。例：A book is useful.w（一本）书（是）有用（）。（一本）书（是）有用（）。A teacher should be patient.w 教师必须有耐心。教师必须有耐心。A wise man will not make such mistake.w 聪明人不会犯这么错误。聪明人不会犯这么错误。The earth goes around the sun.w 地球围绕太阳转。地球围绕太阳转。第25页w但假如冠词在句中特指但假如冠词在句中特指“一一”“每一每一”“这这”“那那”时不能省略。时不能省略。例：例：He left without saying a word.w他一句话不说就走了。他一句话不说就走了。We would do it a unit a week.w我们将每七天学习一个单元。我们将每七天学习一个单元。He caught the fish.w这这条鱼是他抓住。条鱼是他抓住。第26页介词省译介词省译w表时间和地点介词，译成汉语如出现在表时间和地点介词，译成汉语如出现在句首大都能够省略，出现在句尾普通不句首大都能够省略，出现在句尾普通不省略。省略。例：例：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。w中华人民共和国成立中华人民共和国成立于于一九四九年。一九四九年。On Sundays we have no school.w星期天我们不上学。星期天我们不上学。Smoking is not allowed in public places.w公共场所不准吸烟。公共场所不准吸烟。第27页 w不过表地点介词放动词后普通不能省略。不过表地点介词放动词后普通不能省略。例：例：He stood by the platform.w 他站他站在在讲台旁。讲台旁。She hid behind the door.w 她躲她躲在在门背后。门背后。第28页其它其它w英语句子中有些短语重复出现，为了简练，英语句子中有些短语重复出现，为了简练，可依据汉语习惯省译一些可有可无词。可依据汉语习惯省译一些可有可无词。例：例：At that time,he was not the only person who looked down upon me,many others looked upon me.w 那个时候，看不起我不只是他一个人，那个时候，看不起我不只是他一个人，还有许多其它人（还有许多其它人（也看不起我也看不起我）。）。There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.w 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。天未下雪，但叶落草枯。第29页 再如：再如：Applicants who have worked at a job will receive preference over those who have not.w求职者中，有工作经验者将优先录用。求职者中，有工作经验者将优先录用。The population of Guangdong Province is even larger than that of the U.K.w广东省人口比英国广东省人口比英国(人口人口)多。多。The climate in Xiamen is almost the same as that in Shantou.w厦门气候与汕头（厦门气候与汕头（气候气候）基本相同。）基本相同。第30页w练一练：练一练：1.A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.2.James Watt invented the steam engine.3.He studied in the college for two years,and then he went to join the army.4.I can finish the work so long as you give me time.5.There must be some people in the room,for I heard a voice.第31页1.A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.外语是人生斗争工具。外语是人生斗争工具。2.James Watt invented the steam engine.詹姆斯詹姆斯.瓦特创造了蒸汽机。瓦特创造了蒸汽机。3.He studied in the college for two years,and then he went to join the army.他上了两年大学他上了两年大学,以后去从军了。以后去从军了。4.I can finish the work so long as you give me time.你给我时间，我能完成这工作。你给我时间，我能完成这工作。5.There must be some people in the room,for I heard a voice.我听有声音，房间里一定有些人。我听有声音，房间里一定有些人。第32页w练一练：练一练：6.She covered her face with her hand,as if to protect her eyes.7.Everywhere you can see advertising in this city today.8.Its very charming in an Autumns night.9.It was he who won 100 meters dash at the sports meet.10.A teacher should be patient and dutiful.第33页w6.She covered her face with her hand,as if to protect her eyes.她用手蒙住脸，好像是为保护眼睛。她用手蒙住脸，好像是为保护眼睛。7.Everywhere you can see advertising in this city today.今天这个城市处处可见广告。今天这个城市处处可见广告。8.Its very charming in an Autumns night.秋天夜晚是极其迷人。秋天夜晚是极其迷人。9.It was he who won 100 meters dash at the sports meet.是他在运动会上取得是他在运动会上取得100米冠军。米冠军。10.A teacher should be patient and dutiful.教师应该有耐心和责任心。教师应该有耐心和责任心。第34页w练一练：练一练：11.Nearly all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.12.On May 12,a big earthquake took place in Wenchuan.13.If I had known he was ill,I would not have asked him to come.14.Everyone knows that it is colder in the north than in the south in winter.15.If you dont bring the map,youll get lost.第35页w11.Nearly all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.w 几乎全部物质热胀冷缩。w12.On May 12,a big earthquake took place in Wenchuan.w 5月12日汶川发生了大地震。w13.If I had known he was ill,I would not have asked him to come.w 早知到他有病,我就不会叫他来。w14.Everyone knows that it is colder in the north than in the south in winter.w 众所周知冬天北方比南方冷。w15.If you dont bring the map,youll get lost.w 不带地图是会迷路。第36页