动词的时态语态和主谓一致课件省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第六讲 动词时态、语态和主谓一致01010202动词时态动词时态普通现在时|普通过去时|普通未来时|过去未来时|现在完成时|过去完成时|现在完成进行时|现在进行时|过去进行时动词语态动词语态被动语态组成|被动语态基本使用方法|主动形式表示被动意义I.单句语法填空|II.单句改错|III.翻译句子|IV.语法填空|V.短文改错主谓一致主谓一致语法一致标准|意义一致标准|就近一致标准0606针对训练针对训练0303第1页 动词时态第2页一、普通现在时普通现在时组成。普通现在时主要由动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语普通由动词原形后加s或es组成。其改变规则以下：1第3页一、普通现在时普通现在时组成。1情况情况改改变规则变规则例词例词普通情况直接加直接加s scomecomescomecomesplayplayplaysplays结尾为结尾为s s，xx，shsh，chch或或oo在词尾加在词尾加esespasspassespasspasseswashwashwashes fixfixeswashes fixfixesgogoesgogoes结尾为结尾为“辅音字母辅音字母y”y”变变y y为为i i再加再加esescarrycarries crycriescarrycarries crycriesstudystudies worrystudystudies worryworriesworries第4页一、普通现在时普通现在时使用方法。表示经常性、习惯性动作，句中惯用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等时间状语。2He goes to school by bicycle every day.他天天骑自行车去上学。第5页一、普通现在时普通现在时使用方法。表示现在状态、特征、事实或客观真理。2The story sounds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。第6页一、普通现在时普通现在时使用方法。表示现在状态、特征、事实或客观真理。2The story sounds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。As we all know，objects fall to the ground because of gravity.众所周知，因为重力物体下落。第7页一、普通现在时普通现在时使用方法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用普通现在时表示未来。2When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.毕业后我要去乡下。第8页一、普通现在时普通现在时使用方法。表示按计划、要求将要发生动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close，take off等。2The meeting begins at seven.会议将于七点开始。The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.飞机将在明天早上6点钟起飞。第9页二、普通过去时 普通过去时组成。1情况情况改改变规则变规则例词例词普通情况在动词后加在动词后加ededstaystayed staystayed expectexpected expectexpected 以e结尾动词后加后加ddhopehopedhopehoped以“辅音字母y”结尾动词变变y y为为i i再加再加ededstudystudiedstudystudiedcarrycarriedcarrycarried重读闭音节中，词尾只有重读闭音节中，词尾只有一个辅音字母时一个辅音字母时双写词尾辅音字母再加edplanplannedplanplannedpreferpreferredpreferpreferred普通过去时由动词过去式表示，规则动词过去式普通由动词原形加ed组成，其改变规则以下：第10页二、普通过去时 普通过去时使用方法。2表示在确定过去时间里所发生动作或存在状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。He finished writing his novel last month.他上个月写完了一部小说。I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.我到家时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。第11页二、普通过去时 普通过去时使用方法。2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性动作。When I was a child，I often played football in the street.我是个孩子时候，常在马路上踢足球。第12页二、普通过去时 普通过去时使用方法。2有些动作发生时间没有详细表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚才”发生，应使用普通过去时。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.你再说一遍您电话号码，我刚才没有听清。第13页二、普通过去时 普通过去时使用方法。2有表示过去一段时间内完成动作。Mr.White lived in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now.怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。第14页三、普通未来时will/shall动词原形。1表示客观未来，常与表示未来时间状语连用。shall普通用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.我生日就要到了。我将要18岁了。普通未来时表示从现在看来将要发生动作或状态。第15页三、普通未来时will/shall动词原形。1will还可表示说话时暂时做出决定。What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。普通未来时表示从现在看来将要发生动作或状态。第16页三、普通未来时be going to动词原形。2“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或依据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。第17页三、普通未来时be to 动词原形，表示按计划进行动作或征求对方意见。3The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go on with this work?我们要继续这项工作吗？名师指津be to do和be going to do区分be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to do表示主观打算或计划。表示主观打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观想法)第18页四、过去未来时过去未来时惯用表示法：would/should动词原形。1表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生动作或存在状态。I hoped that we would meet again someday.我希望未来有一天我们能再见面。第19页四、过去未来时过去未来时惯用表示法：would/should动词原形。1表示过去某种习惯行为。I would swim in the small river after school when I was a child.我小时候放学后总是在这条小河里游泳。第20页四、过去未来时过去未来时其它表示法2was/were going to do表示过去打算和意图。He was going to start work the following week.他打算接下来那个星期开始工作。第21页四、过去未来时过去未来时其它表示法2was/were to动词原形。这种结构通常指过去计划、安排或注定要发生事情。假如计划动作没有实现，要用动词完成式。He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。(计划安排)第22页四、过去未来时过去未来时其它表示法2was/were about to动词原形。这种结构表示过去即将发生事，常与when连用。I was about to go out when someone called me.我正要出门，这时有些人给我打电话。第23页五、现在完成时表示到现在为止已发生或完成动作，其结果影响现在依然存在。有时与just，already，yet，recently，before，twice，three times等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用。1I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already.我不想和你一起去看电影，因为我已经看过那部电影了。现在完成时谓语组成：have(has)过去分词。第24页五、现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直连续到现在动作或状态，常与“since时间点”、“for时间段”及 so far，up to now，till now，in the last/past few years等时间状语连用。2The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it came out last month.电影战狼自上个月上映以来取得了许多好评。第25页五、现在完成时惯用现在完成时句型3It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过最有教育意义讲座。在“It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中谓语用现在完成时。第26页五、现在完成时惯用现在完成时句型3It is the third time that you have been late for work this week，isnt it?这已经是本周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中谓语动词用现在完成时。第27页六、过去完成时过去完成时组成为haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成动作，即“过去过去”，句中有显著表示过去参考动作或时间状语。1By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他儿子已经大学毕业了。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他抵达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。第28页六、过去完成时动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现愿望、打算和意图。2We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，不过你没有来。第29页六、过去完成时惯用过去完成时句型3Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。“hardly(scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用普通过去时，意思为“刚就”。第30页六、过去完成时惯用过去完成时句型3That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她祖父了。表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。名师指津两个动作如按次序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连接时，多用普通过去时。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。第31页七、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时组成为have/hasbeendoing。表示过去动作连续到现在刚才结束或有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导时间状语连用。1Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning the house since 9 am.汤姆看上去很累，因为他从早晨九点到现在一直在清扫房间了。第32页七、现在完成进行时表示重复发生动作。2You have been saying you can succeed for five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。表示某种感情色彩。3Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事日子。第33页八、现在进行时现在进行时组成。1情况情况改改变规则变规则例词例词普通情况在词尾直接加在词尾直接加ingingworkworkingworkworkingstudystudyingstudystudying以不发音e结尾动词去去e e再加再加inginghavehavinghavehavingtaketaketakingtaking以重读闭音节结尾，且末以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母再加双写该辅音字母再加ingingcutcutting cutcutting beginbeginningbeginbeginning以ie结尾动词变变ie ie为为y y再加再加inginglielying diedyinglielying diedying现在进行时组成形式为：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式改变规则以下：第34页八、现在进行时现在进行时使用方法2We are waiting for you at the airport.我们正在机场等你。表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生事情。Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.这些天格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时可能并未在写)表示当前一段时间正在进行动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。第35页八、现在进行时现在进行时使用方法2Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越暖和了。表示逐步改变动作，这么动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。与always，constantly，forever 等词连用，表示重复发生动作或连续存在状态，往往带有说话人主观感情色彩。第36页八、现在进行时现在进行时使用方法2 名师指津不用进行时动词(1)表示事实状态动词和心理状态动词，如 belong，possess，owe，exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐。(2)系动词，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turn等。You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。第37页九、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行动作或存在状态。惯用时间状语有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。I was making a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。1第38页九、过去进行时过去进行时另一个主要使用方法是描述一件事发生背景；一个长动作延续时候，另一个短动作发生，惯用于when和 while引导时间状语从句。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。2第39页 动词语态第40页一、被动语态组成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词过去分词”组成，be动词有些人称、数和时态改变。被动语态常见时态改变(以动词build为例)列表以下：状态 时间普通普通进行完成现现在在am/is/are builtam/is/are builtam/is/are being am/is/are being builtbuilthas/have been has/have been builtbuilt过过去去was/were builtwas/were builtwas/were being was/were being builtbuilthad been builthad been built未来shall/will be builtshall/will be builtshall/will have shall/will have been builtbeen built过去未来should/would be should/would be builtbuilt第41页一、部分倒装The window is dirty.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.窗户脏了。已经好几周没擦了。All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.全部雇员都被勉励在家网上办公。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people eat healthily.假如人们能健康地饮食，那么死于心脏病人数将大大降低。名师指津含有情态动词被动语态组成：情态动词be过去分词The boxes must be moved into the house before it rains.这些箱子必须在下雨前搬到房间里去。第42页二、被动语态基本使用方法不知道谁是动作执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作执行者。This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料。1为了强调或突出动作承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。2第43页二、被动语态基本使用方法用在科技文件或新闻报道中。Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是二十世纪80年代制造。3 名师指津get过去分词能够表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。第44页三、主动形式表示被动意义系动词(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等)形容词或名词。The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。1表示开始、结束、运动动词(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut，move,run等)。The store closes at 6：00 pm.every day.商店天天下午六点关门。2第45页三、主动形式表示被动意义表示主语特点或特征动词(read,write,sell，wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。3第46页 主谓一致第47页主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，普通遵照三个标准，即语法一致标准、意义一致标准和就近一致标准。做题时还要注意时态及其它语法及词义正确性。第48页一、语法一致标准动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词惯用单数。1Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天忙碌之后得到了放松。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大幸福。Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy.全部事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。第49页一、语法一致标准主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引发短语时，谓语动词数要与前面主语保持一致。2Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。第50页一、语法一致标准由“kind，type，sort，a quantity of，quantities of”等修饰主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词单复数。3This new type of buses is now on show.这种新型公共汽车现在正在展出。With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.伴随越来越多森林被砍伐，每年有大量沃土被冲走。第51页一、语法一致标准“more than one/many a单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。4More than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连不止一个人。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举行聚会。第52页二、意义一致标准集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是组成集体一个个组员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。1意义一致标准指不论主语形式是单数还是复数，主语意义决定了谓语动词单复数。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiments.全班学生都在做试验。第53页二、意义一致标准the rest of.，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应依据句子所表示单复数意义而定。2The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料五分之三，剩下部分节约出来作为他用。第54页二、意义一致标准分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词单复数取决于它们所表示意义。3About 50%of the land is suitable to grow plants.大约50%土地适合种植物。About 80%of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.这个城市中大约80%人反对自来水价格上调。第55页二、意义一致标准单复数同形名词作主语情况。单复数同形名词，如means，works，sheep，deer，crossroads，series等作主语时，谓语动词单复数依据详细情况而定。4There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不一样方法。第56页二、意义一致标准从句作主语情况。从句作主语时，谓语动词普通用单数形式，但what引导从句作主语时，谓语动词要依据从句意义决定。5That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.杰克出国了，这使我们都很诧异。What he says and acts do not agree.他言行不一致。(指他说话和他做事，是复数概念)第57页三、就近一致标准由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接并列主语，谓语动词常与最近主语在单复数上保持一致。1Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你一名学生应该出席明天会议。第58页三、就近一致标准由there，here引发主语不止一个时，谓语动词数通常和最邻近主语保持一致。2There is a dog and two cats at the door.门口有一条狗和两只猫。第59页三、就近一致标准分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词单复数取决于它们所表示意义。3The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料五分之三，剩下部分节约出来作为他用。第60页第61页.单句语法填空1Later,engineers _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.(全国卷)2When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(全国卷)3Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.(全国卷)4Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(全国卷)5Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.(全国卷)managed are removed is be made were 第62页.单句语法填空6Mr.Green as well as his children _(go)to the park every Sunday.7What her father left her _(be)only some books.8My hobby is widespread，which _(include)drawing，collecting stamps and so on.9Now Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_(be)working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.10Between the two rows of trees _(stand)the teaching building.goes are includes is stands 第63页.单句语法填空11I _(intend)to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.12The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end.13This is because two thirds of the earths surface _(be)made up of vast oceans.14Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.15Not only I but also Jane and Mary _(be)tired of having one examination after another.had intended will be rewarded is wears are 第64页.单句语法填空16We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.17If it _(turn)cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.18It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I came to this school.19It _(rain)when they left the station.20In the last few years，China _(make)great achievements in environmental protection.were told turns have attended was raining has made 第65页.单句改错1I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(全国卷)2About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(全国卷)3Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(全国卷)4A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(全国卷)5Every means have been considered but none is proper.havetakenusedtold has 第66页.单句改错6Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.7Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.8One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper.I ring up the company，and I was given the job immediately.9The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.10In the past two and a half years，our school had organized many activities.has was rang be has 第67页.翻译句子1早睡早起是一个好习惯。2我抵达山顶时，阳光灿烂。3到当前为止，不止一名学生已经被录用到这家俱乐部。4电话铃响时我恰好要上床睡觉。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.More than one student has been admitted to the club so far.I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.第68页.翻译句子5那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。6在过去十年里，我们城市里盖起了许多高楼大厦。7即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。8到现在为止，两条铁路建筑工作已完成。It was the third time that he had told me to pay attention to my handwriting.In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in our city.We wont change our plan even if it rains tomorrow.The construction of the two new railway lines has