高中英语五大句型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

高中英语高中英语五大五大基本句型基本句型第1页一、句子成份：一、句子成份：定义定义 ：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。主要成份主要成份：主语和谓语主语和谓语其其它它成成份份：宾宾语语、定定语语、状状语语、补补足足语语（宾宾补）、表语、同位语。补）、表语、同位语。第2页1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第3页主语（主语（subjectsubject）：）：句子说明人或事物句子说明人或事物 。JaneJane is good at playing the piano.is good at playing the piano.SheShe went out in a hurry.went out in a hurry.To seeTo see is to believe.is to believe.SmokingSmoking is bad for health.is bad for health.The youngThe young should respect the old.should respect the old.What he has saidWhat he has said is true.is true.第4页找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.（名（名词）He likes dancing.（代（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数（数词）Seeing is believing.（动名名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主（主语从句）从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主形式主语，主，主语从句是真正主从句是真正主语）第5页谓语：谓语：说明主语动作、状态和说明主语动作、状态和特征特征。简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成：由动词或动词词组组成：I I sawsaw the flag on the top of the hill.the flag on the top of the hill.He He looked afterlooked after two orphans.two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He He can speakcan speak English well.English well.He He has caughthas caught a bad cold.a bad cold.She She doesnt seemdoesnt seem to like dancing.to like dancing.The little girl is drawing a picture.The little girl is drawing a picture.第6页（三）宾语（三）宾语动作动作对象或对象或承受者承受者及物动词或介词宾语及物动词或介词宾语宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave He gave meme some bookssome books.间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语第7页Pleasepassmethe book.Heboughtmesome flowers.Ilikemy job.Iloveyou.Hewantedto leave here.Theyenjoyedplaying computer games.第8页（四）定语（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从从句句Heisacleverboy.Thereare67studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.第9页（五）状语（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份说明动作或状态特征句子成份.I will be back I will be back in a whilein a while.They are playing They are playing on the playgroundon the playground.He was late He was late because he got up latebecause he got up late.He He got got up up so so late late that that I I missed missed the the traintrain.第10页I waited I waited to see youto see you.He often went to school He often went to school by busby bus.His parents died,His parents died,leaving him an leaving him an orphanorphan.Please call me Please call me if it is necessaryif it is necessary.This book is This book is veryvery interesting.interesting.He went to school He went to school in spite of his in spite of his illnessillness.He He alwaysalways comes late to es late to school.第11页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子补足语，说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有这类惯用及物动词有 make,consider,see,find,make,consider,see,find,call,get,have,letcall,get,have,let.I found the book I found the book interestinginteresting.Do you smell something Do you smell something burningburning?He made himself He made himself known to themknown to them.第12页（七）表语（七）表语系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征.常见系动词有常见系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,grow,come,gogo等。等。系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes The apple tastes sweetsweet.That sounds good.That sounds good.第13页1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Thebookiswhat I need.第14页（八）同位语（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况.Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名名词词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词代词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句从句第15页句子成份练一练：句子成份练一练：1.Class begins at eight.2.The kind teachers are having a meeting.3.This is the student who was absent yesterday.4.Put up your hand if you have any questions.5.Smoking does harm to your health.6.There is a pen on the desk.第16页7.Who teaches your maths,Xiao Hua?8.This story happened in London.9.The rich should help the poor get jobs.10.This weekend,some of us are going to have a wonderful picnic with the teacher.第17页写一写：写一写：1.1.我父母都是教师。我父母都是教师。My parents are both teachers.My parents are both teachers.2.2.他今天看起来不开心。他今天看起来不开心。He looks unhappy today.He looks unhappy today.3.3.帮助穷人是必须。帮助穷人是必须。It is necessary to help the poor.It is necessary to help the poor.4.4.这个故事发生在北京。这个故事发生在北京。The story happened in Beijing.The story happened in Beijing.5.5.我们学生应该努力学习。我们学生应该努力学习。We students should study hard.We students should study hard.第18页二、简单句五种基本句型：二、简单句五种基本句型：英英语语句句子子有有长长在在短短，有有简简有有繁繁，从从现现象象看看，似似乎乎千千变变万万化化，难难以以捉捉摸摸，但但从从实实质质看看，能能够够发发觉觉其其内内在在联联络络，找找出出其其共共同同规规律律。英英语语句句子子基基本本结结构构能能够够归归纳纳成成五五种种基基本本句句型型及及其其扩扩大大、组组合合、省省略略或或倒倒装装。掌掌握握这这五五种种基基本本句句型型，是是掌掌握握各各种种英英语语句句子子结结构构基础。基础。英语五种基本句型列式以下：英语五种基本句型列式以下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+link-+link-+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）第19页基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词组成组成,惯用来表示主语动作。惯用来表示主语动作。例：例：The sun rises.The sun rises.Tom has already left.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。The The redred sun rises sun rises in the east.in the east.Tom left Tom left yesterday.yesterday.WeakWeak buildings will fall down buildings will fall down in an earthquake.in an earthquake.第20页基本句型二：基本句型二：+link-+link-+（主系表）主系表）本本结结构构是是由由主主语语+系系动动词词+表表语语组组成成，主主要要用用以以说说明明主主语语特特征，类属，状态，身份征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有等。系动词有:1.1.表表示示特特征征和和存存在在状状态态 be,be,seem,seem,feel,feel,appear,appear,look,look,smell,taste,sound;smell,taste,sound;2.2.表表示示状状态态延延续续 remain,remain,stay,stay,keep,keep,continue,continue,stand;stand;3.3.表表示示状状态态改改变变 become,become,get,get,turn,turn,go,go,fall,fall,come,come,grow;grow;第21页Link-（系（系动词）动词）(表语表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfeltlooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warm.red.第22页 基本句型基本句型 三三 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，义，都是主语产生动作，必须跟有一个宾语，即都是主语产生动作，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。第23页（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.Heknowslaughatcooksmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.mealeveryday.cakes.someapples.Englishverymuch.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.第24页基本句型四基本句型四:+IO+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）说说明明：此此结结构构由由“主主语语+及及物物谓谓语语动动词词+间间接接宾宾语语（人人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。组成。例：例：My mother bought me a birthday gift.My mother bought me a birthday gift.He gave me a story book.He gave me a story book.但但若若要要先先说说出出直直接接宾宾语语（事事物物），后后说说间间接接宾宾语语（人人），则则要借助于介词要借助于介词toto或或for.for.My mother bought a birthday gift for me.My mother bought a birthday gift for me.He gave a story book to me.He gave a story book to me.用用toto侧重指动作方向，表示侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for for 侧重指动作受益者，侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。第25页常跟双宾语动词有：常跟双宾语动词有：（需需借借助助toto）bring,bring,give,give,lend,lend,hand,hand,pass(pass(递递、传传）,offer,offer,send,send,take,take,teach,tell,write,ask,showteach,tell,write,ask,show等；等；（需需借借助助forfor ）bring,bring,buy,buy,cook,cook,choose,find,get,make,singchoose,find,get,make,sing等。等。第26页271Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。Mr.Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第27页基本句型基本句型 五五:+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语有逻辑主谓关系，若无宾语补足语句意不完整，能够用作宾补有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词.The sun keeps us The sun keeps us warm.warm.I heard him I heard him singing.singing.You must get your hair You must get your hair cut.cut.They made Tom They made Tom monitor.monitor.He used to do his homework with his radioHe used to do his homework with his radio on on.第28页（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimthemthemanclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomeback.gettingonthebus.第29页注：注：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后面，以使句子结构平衡，而it只起到引导作用，无意义。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语（可认为不定式，动名词，从句）。如：I felt it very pleasant to be with your family.搭配it做形式宾语谓语动词有：find，think,consider,feel,believe,make等。.He found it important learning English well.I dont think it possible that the lazy boy can master a foreign language without much memory work.第30页写一写：写一写：1.1.吸烟有害健康。吸烟有害健康。2.2.这个女孩喜欢听音乐。这个女孩喜欢听音乐。3.3.你能告诉我你电话号码吗？你能告诉我你电话号码吗？4.4.阳光保持我们温暖。阳光保持我们温暖。5.5.我父亲看见他偷钱。我父亲看见他偷钱。第31页6.朋友带给我一本有趣书。7.人们都认为他是一个老实人。8.学生们乘公交车去学校。9.我发觉做一个优异学生是困难。（it做形式宾语）10.保持教室清洁洁净是我们职责。（it做形式主语）第32页