2021年安徽省亳州市张店中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析.docx

2021年安徽省亳州市张店中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析
一、 选择题
1. I prefer a house in the coast village to______ in such a big city ______Beijing.
A．that ; like           B．one; like     C．that; as          D．one; as
参考答案：
D
2. The city is no longer         used to be.
       A．that it                  B．what it                C．what                   D．the one that
参考答案：
B
3. After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide     for the homeless.
A．assumption             B．inspiration
C．recommendation         D．accommodation
参考答案：
D
4. A large amount of reading can help students feel         with the English test.
       A．comfortable         B．bored                  C．popular               D．busy
参考答案：
A
5. We will ______ all the natural resources if we continue consuming them like that.
   A. run out                    B. wipe out                C. drop out                D. hold out
参考答案：
B
略
6. Students are required to go out in couples, especially in the evenings, with friends ______ they get into trouble．
  A. even if         B. if only        C. in case           D. when
参考答案：
C
略
7. –Which is _______more developed country, the United States or Canada?
   –The former in_______ way.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
参考答案：
C
8. —Did you go to the fashion show last week?
—I _____, but I was fully occupied the whole week.
A. must go                                                     B. must have gone  
C. would go                                         D. would have gone
参考答案：
D
9. The landlord wants to ______ the rent by $30 a month, which I think is unacceptable．
A．make up                  B．take up
C．cut up                      D．put up
参考答案：
D
10. Mike went to the hospital alone.
------If he ________me about it, I would have gone with him
A. should tell    B. had told    C. told     D. tells
参考答案：
B
略
11. How many of us __________, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended            B. had attended                C. attending                     D. have attended
参考答案：
C
12. How foolish I was to tell him all that sad news. ______that he had heart problems.
A. Little I remember                                 B. Little did I remember
C. Little that I remembered                        D. Mostly do I remember
参考答案：
B
解析：考查倒装句。从语境看，本题用否定意义的副词little放在句首，句子用倒装句。
13. —He is eager to try something he has never tried before.
   —Oh, I see. That’s       he is different from others.
A．when           B．where           C．how             D．what
参考答案：
B
略
14. ---- The police have caught the murderer.
---- Yes, and he admitted __________ his boss on a rainy night seven years ago.
      A. to kill            B. to have killed        C. having killed           D. have been killing
参考答案：
C
15. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ______ for it.
A. as much twice B. much as twice
C. as twice much D. twice as much
参考答案：
D
考查倍数的表达。句意：我昨天买的这件外罩一点也不贵，事实上，我很愿意付双倍的钱来买它。英语中表达A和是B的两倍长有三种表达方式：1. A is twice as long as B ；2. A is twice longer than B ；3. A is twice the length of B。故选D。
16. You’d better write down the phone number of that botel for future ________ .
A. reference B. purpose
C. progress D. memory
参考答案：
A
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你最好记下那家水上旅馆的电话号码以便以后查阅。A. reference    提到；查阅；参考书目；B. purpose目的，意图；用途；效果；C. progress前进，进步，进展；D. memory记忆；回忆；纪念。结合句意，故选A。
17. It was not until Mum agreed to take her to KFC, ____was her favorite, ____the spoiled girl stopped crying.
A. that; that     B. which; which         C. that; which      D. which; that
参考答案：
D
考查从句关系词的选择。根据句子结构可知，第一空为非限制性定语从句，先行词为KFC，故排除AC。第二孔为强调句，it was …… That……句意为直到妈妈答应带她去她最喜欢的肯德基，那个被宠坏的女孩才停止哭泣。
18. His grandfather joined the army in 1940 and only when the war was over in 1945 ________ back home.
A. he came    B. he did come    C. came he    D. did he come
参考答案：
D
考查部分倒装。Only+状语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，把助动词提前。根据时间状语可知这个句子应该用过去时，助动词为did，故选D。句意：他的爷爷在1940年参军，并只有在1945年战争结束才回家。
二、 短文改错
19. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线\划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear sir/ Madam,
As a Chinese high school student to graduate in this year, I sincerely apply to a chance to study in your university. I’m eighteen but will finish my three years of study in high school soon. I studied Chinese, English, math, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history and other subject, of which science subjects are my favorites. I I’m also good at English. I can communicate fluent with native speakers in English.
Beside, I go in for various out-of-class activities. I like play football, table tennis, and so on. I’m also member of many clubs for music and opera. I’m a volunteer in my neighborhood.
I’m looking forward to hear from you. And please contact me by e-mail: .
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案：
Dear sir/ Madam,
As a Chinese high school student to graduate in this year, I sincerely apply to
                                             去掉                           for
a chance to study in your university. I’m eighteen but will finish my three years
                                                  and
of study in high school soon. I studied Chinese, English, math, physics, chemistry,
                            study
biology, geography, history and other subject, of which science subjects are my
                                      subjects
favorites. I I’m also good at English. I can communicate fluent with native speakers
                                                       fluently
in English.
Beside, I go in for various out-of-class activities. I like play football, table
     Besides                                                 playing
tennis, and so on. I’m also∧ member of many clubs for music and opera. I’m a
                            a
volunteer in my neighborhood.
I’m looking forward to hear from you. And please contact me by e-mail:
                            hearing
.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
本文是作者想要去读大学的一封申请信。
考查固定用法。“今年毕业”直接说graduate this year，所以删去this前的in。
考查固定用法。我真诚地申请去你们大学学习的机会。apply for申请，是固定用法，所以apply后的to改成for。
考查连词。我今年18岁并且很快就要完成我三年的高中学习。表示并列关系，所以but 改成 and。
考查时态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以studied 改成 study。
考查名词单复数。有other修饰，所以用名词复数，subject 改成 subjects。
考查副词。修饰动词communicate用副词，fluent 改成 fluently。
考查副词。此外，我参加了各种各样的课外活动。Beside 改成 Besides。
考查固定用法。Like doing喜欢做某事，是固定用法。play 改成 playing。
考查固定用法。a member of……中的一员，是固定用法。Member前加 a。
考查固定用法。look forward to后面接动词ing形式，所以hear改成 hearing。
20. 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
英语课上，老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下小作文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
3、必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。
As is known to all, drunk driving is strictly prohibited. Unluckily， I saw a traffic accident on my way home on last night.. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to hospital. After a while, a traffic police came. Under the help of the people who witnessed the accident, the police found out a truth. The driver of the car was drinking and his car went out of control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there think the car driver was to blame for this accident.
Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It often causes many people lose their lives, such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu. It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.
参考答案：
As is known to all, drunk driving is strictly prohibited. Unluckily， I saw a traffic accident on my way home on last night.. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to
           去掉                                                badly
hospital. After a while, a traffic police came. Under the help of the people who witnessed the
                                     With
accident, the police found out a truth. The driver of the car was drinking and his car went out of
                        the                          drunk
control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there think the car driver was to
                                                         thought
blame for this accident.
Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It
      As
often causes many people∧ lose their lives, such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou
                      to                       accidents
and Chengdu. It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.
1．last night前的on去掉
last night是一个时间状语，不需要用一个介词。故去掉on。
2．bad改成badly
根据文意可知这是指“严重地受伤了”，故用badly。
3．Under改成With
在英语中，with the help of …是固定搭配，意思是“在…的帮助下”。
4．a truth改成the truth
truth是不可数名词，根据句意，故用定冠词the。
5．drinking 改成drunk
根据句意，可知此处说的是“司机喝醉了”，故用过去分词。
6．think改成thought
根据对上下文的理解，可知这是讲述过去的事，故动词要用过去式。．
7．which改成As
分析句子，可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，引导词放在句首要用as。
8．在lose前加to
cause sB．to do sth．是固定搭配，意思是“使某人做某事”。
9．accident改成accidents
根据句意，可知此句中所讲的事故不值一次，故用复数形式。
10．prevent改成prevented或should prevent
在英语中，it is high time sb did/should do sth是固定句型，意思是“该是某人做某事的时候了”。
三、 阅读理解
21. When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from ly wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
38. Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?
A. Social values always change with the times.
B. Moral choices vary between different cultures.
C. Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.
D. Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.
39. The researchers conducted the study by_____.
A. using a massive online quiz worldwide
B. comparing different cultures and customs
C. dividing the respondents into three groups
D. performing a series of controlled experiments
40. According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?
A. Nigeria    B. Colombia
C. Finland    D. Indonesia
41. Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.
A. Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment
B. Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention
C. Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society
D. Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
参考答案：
38. B    39. A    40. C    41. B
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据题目定位到第一段but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a survey. 看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified …in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二行online quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及比较；C选项根据第三段开头analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据题目定位到第四段第三行Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段Surveys…can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， B正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatlyimprove；C选项最后一段that might develop trust可知C错误；D选项car makers needn’t take risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。
22.   For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success is life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backscat of the car.
  The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she succeed but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, some she highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
  Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise o