2021年广东省潮州市铁铺中学高三英语下学期期末试卷含解析.docx

2021年广东省潮州市铁铺中学高三英语下学期期末试卷含解析
一、 选择题
1. .-Is it good for me to look up every new word while reading?
  -No.You    ,because you may get the meaning from the text.
   A.don’t have to    B.shouldn’t    C.can’t     D.mustn’t
参考答案：
A
略
2. Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, _________.
A. happily and satisfied          B. eager and excitedly
C. happy and satisfied            D. anxiously and excitedly.
参考答案：
C
3. — How is the smog control going on in our capital city?
— It couldn’t be worse. You ________ believe Beijing upgraded the smog alert from yellow to orange and then red again yesterday.
A. won’t  B. mustn’t  C. needn’t  D. shouldn’t
参考答案：
A
考查情态动词。句意：“我们首都的雾霾控制进展如何?”“再糟糕不过了。你简直难以置信北京昨天再次将雾霾警报从黄色升级到橙色然后再到红色。”will表意愿、将来、习惯性或者反复的动作。mustn’t意为“禁止”；needn’t意为“不需要，不必”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”。
4. We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand _____weak points.
A have, have            B has, have            C has, has          D have, has
参考答案：
D
5. . ____ you read English easily, you’ll find it’s another cup of tea to make conversation in English.
   A. Because                B. As though           C. Even if       D. Whether
参考答案：
C
略
6. － I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
－ Don’t worry. You ______ have it by Friday.
A could      B may         C shall          D will
参考答案：
C
【知识点】情态动词
意思是，你周五就会拿到了。因为有don't worry在前面，所以这里的语气比较肯定。肯定的预期，就排除了may和could。而这里shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，表示“必须,应该可以”。
7.  The party was _______ success. We sang and danced until it came to _______ end at midnight.
   A. a; an                    B. a; the          C. the; an               D. /; an  
参考答案：
A
8. If you continue to cheat, you will ________ in prison.
A. put up        B. hold up         C. end up       D. shut up
参考答案：
C
9. I'm calling to enquire about the position     in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised          B. to be advertised
C. advertising          D. having advertised
参考答案：
A
解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。
考点:本题考查非谓语动词。
10. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _______into the
   office during the night.
A.broke           B.had broken          C.has broken          D.has breaking
参考答案：
B
11. The story is about an old Indian villager and an American tourist in India, ______ understanding the other’s language．
A．none of whom      B．none of them   C．neither of them       D．neither of whom
参考答案：
C
12. It came as____________ shock that____________ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday, killing at least 5 people．
A．a;a                                           B．a；不填                       C．不填；a                       D．the；the
参考答案：
A
13. If the building project_______ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction      company will be fined.
      A. completed   B. is completed   C. to be completed       D. being completed
参考答案：
C
14. ----You seem to have known Dr. Brown for a long time.
----That’s true. _____ he joined our club five years ago.
    A. Since         B. Until           C. When            D. If
参考答案：
A
15. The great interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all children, ________ their conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
A. how B. what C. whatever D. however
参考答案：
C
16. The students expected there _______ more reviewing classes before the final exams.
   A. to be                     B. is                       C. being                   D. have been
参考答案：
A
17. The development of China's economy ________ since the 80s of last century．    
A．has been accelerating                                  B．had accelerated
C．is accelerating                                         D．accelerated
参考答案：
A
略
18. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which   B. that      C. when    D. where
参考答案：
D
二、 短文改错
19. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）。并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
      2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
Wise men don’t always act as wise as we think．At times they maybe done something silly：
Because we always think they are well known，so the stories about their foolish acts are still       widely talked throughout the world in modern times．For example，Beethoven，the great composer of Austria, was said to have insisted in paying a waiter in a restaurant for a dinner he has not eaten or ever ordered；the British physicist Newton，while lives in London, cut two holes in the two doors of his flat，one big，other small，so as for his two cats to pass through them．He only thought the bigger cat could not get through the smaller holes easily．        
参考答案：

略
20. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误。每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
刪除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
The old saying, “The early bird catches the worm,” show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results, most people must plan ahead and work diligently to overcome all kind of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, either. When I first started high school, I seldom passed ray exams, so I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr. Black, advised me plan everything in the advance. She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice onto practice, I can now easily pass all my exams. There are no shortcuts to succeed.
参考答案：
The old saying, “The early bird catches the worm,” show us the importance of planning,
                                              shows                             
working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results, most people must plan ahead and
                     constantly                                                             
work diligently to overcome all kind of difficulties.
                         kinds
That has been my own experience, either. When I first started high school, I seldom passed ray
                                 too                               
exams, so I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr. Black, advised me∧ plan everything in the
      because                                                to             the
advance. She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice onto practice, I can
He                                                     into     
now easily pass all my exams. There are no shortcuts to succeed.
success
1.句子用一般现在时态，主语是The old saying，单数第三人称形式，故把show---shows。
2.副词修饰动词，故把constant- constantly。
3.固定词组：all kinds of各种各样的，故把kind---kinds。
4. 句意：那也是我自己的经历。句子是肯定句，故把either- too。
5.句意：因为我从来都没有好好准备，所以我很少通过考试。故把so- because。
6.固定搭配：advise sb. to do sth.故吧plan- to plan。
7. 固定词组：in advance 提前，预先，故把in the (去掉)advance。
8.根据前面的Mr. Black，故把She- He。
9.固定搭配：put---into practice实施，实行，故把onto- into。
10.句意：没有通向成功的捷径。根据句意可知用名词形式，故把succeed-success。
三、 阅读理解
21. The bacteria which inhabit (栖居于) human beings, particularly the guts (肠道) of those beings, have been found in recent years to be important for fighting off diseases. That something similar happens in other animal species is doubtless true as well. But work by Seon-Woo Lee at Dong-A University and Jihyun Kim at Yonsei University, both in South Korea, suggests that it is not only animals that benefit from such bacterial protection. Their study, just published in Nature Biotechnology, shows that plants do, too.
Crop plants of the nightshade family, such as potatoes and tomatoes, are not immune to a soil bacterium called Ralstonia solanacearum. This enters their roots and spreads through their water-transport systems, causing them to wilt (枯萎). Infection is usually deadly; the disease costs potato farmers alone $1bn a year. A variety of tomato called Hawaii 7996, however, does not suffer from such bacterial wilt. Dr Lee and Dr Kim wondered if the explanation for this exceptionalism lay with other bacteria in the soil.
To test that idea, they grew crops of Hawaii 7996 and a second tomato variety called Moneymaker. Once the plants were established, the researchers analyzed bacteria in the soil around the plants’ roots and found systematic differences that depended on which tomato variety was growing. This observation made their explanation reasonable and likely to be true.
They then transplanted some of their Moneymaker plants into soil that had previously supported Hawaii 7996s, and some of the Hawaiian plants into soil that had been home to Moneymakers. As controls, they similarly uprooted (拔起) individuals of both varieties and replanted them in soil once occupied by the same variety. That done, they exposed all of their plants to R. solanacearum and monitored them over the course of 14 days.
They found the disease progressed almost 30% more slowly in Moneymaker plants grown in “Hawaiian” soil than it did in those Moneymakers that had been replanted into their own soil. In contrast, it progressed rapidly in the normally resistant Hawaiian variety when this was transferred into Moneymaker soil.
Further study revealed that credit for this disease resistance went to a single type of soil bacterium, called TRM1. Dr Lee and Dr Kim therefore cultivated (培育) this bug in their laboratory and used it to treat soil into which Moneymaker plants were then planted. When these were infected with R. solanacearum they proved more resistant than others that had been planted into untreated soil as controls.
These findings suggest to Dr Lee and Dr Kim that the roots of Hawaii 7996 are releasing compounds (化合物) which encourage the growth of TRM1. What those compounds are has yet to be determined. The two researchers’ work, however, seems to suggest something constructive.
41. The author mentions the bacteria inhabiting human beings to introduce ___________.
A. the benefits of bacteria to humans    B. the effects of bacteria on plants
C. the efforts to fight off diseases    D. the reasons for plant diseases
42. What are the two researchers’ findings based on?
A. Comprehensive analyses of how plants are infected.
B. Careful observation of the transplanting process.
C. Controlled experiments on the uprooted individuals of both varieties.
D. Comparison of the progress of the disease in different conditions.
43. According to the study, why are some plants immune to infection?
A. They have better water-transport systems.
B. They are protected by some other bacteria.
C. They are genetically different from others.
D. They have resistance to bacteria when transferred.
44. The two researchers’ work indicates that _____________.
A. new ways will be found to deal with bacterial wilt
B. causes of some plant diseases have been discovered
C. a new chapter of agricultural science and technology has started
D. the composition of the compounds released has been identified
参考答案：
41. B    42. D    43. B    44. A
本文是一篇科普说明文，栖居于人体内的细菌可以帮助人们抵抗疾病，同样的原理细菌也可以帮助动物和植物抵抗疾病。文章对此项研究做了详细说明。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一句“The bacteria which inhabit (栖居于) human beings, particularly the guts (肠道) of those beings, have been found in recent years to be important for fighting off diseases. ”可知栖居于人体内的细菌可以帮助人们抵抗疾病，同样的原理细菌也可以帮助动物和植物抵抗疾病。所以作者提及人体内部的细菌正是为了说明细菌对植物也有影响。故B项正确。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“They then transplanted some of their Moneymaker plants into soil that had previously supported Hawaii 7996s, and some of the Hawaiian plants into soil that had been home to Moneymakers.”可知演讲者把Moneymaker移植到了Hawaii 7996s所种植的土壤里，然后再对植物患病的情况进行研究。说明他们对不同情况下植物疾病发展的过程进行了研究。故D项正确。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Once the plants were established, the researchers analyzed bacteria in the soil around the plants’ roots and found systematic differences that depended on which tomato variety was growing. This observation made their explanation reasonable and likely to be true”可知研究的结果发现的确是土壤里的细菌导致植物免受疾病的影响。故B项正确。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后两句“What those compounds are has yet to be determined. The two researchers’ work, however, seems to suggest something constructive.”可知我们可以合成一些化合物来处理由于细菌导致的植物枯萎问题。故A项正确。
22. Many of us start the day by commuting, or travelling, to work. We drop off our children at school. We may visit the doctor or go to the market to buy food. We rush home to see our families.
People who live in big cities spend a lot of time talking about traffic. There are some terms you need to know when talking about it.
One such term is gridlock. Gridlock is when nobody can go anywhere. The roads become one big parking lot.
There is also stop-and-start traffic. This is when you move forward a little, but then stop. Move a little. Then stop. Both are equally stressful.
Traffic can be bumper-to-bumper. This means there are so many cars on the road that their bumpers seem to be touching. To idle means the engine of your car is running, but you are not moving. . . anywhere.
Another term to know is rush hour traffic. Rush hour traffic happens at about the same time every day—when people are commuting to and from work.
Then, what can cities do to reduce traffic problems?
One thing cities can do is to supply more public transportation.
Let us now take a closer look at the city with the worst traffic in the world—Jakarta. Jakarta's metropolitan area is home to about 24 million people. But only 13 percent of all trips are on public transportation.
Investment in public transport in the Indonesian capital began in 2004. Workers are building the first part of a public transport system, known as the Mass Rapid Transit railway.
Another thing cities can do to limit traffic is to charge money to drive in certain parts of the city. Next year, Jakarta plans to start charging drivers more to travel on two heavily congested roads.
Jakarta officials have also banned motorcycles from the main roads in the city.
Until cities with traffic problems find ways to get people from Point A to Point B more efficiently, they can only envy people in Tampere, Finland and Rotterdam, in the Netherlands. Researches have found that these two cities have the fastest moving traffic.
40. Which of the following terms refers to the situation in which you cannot move your car at all?
A. stop-and-start traffic B. bumper-to-bumper
C. gridlock D. rush hour traffic
41. To reduce traffic problems, cities can do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. encourage citizens to walk from one place to another
B. charge drivers money for driving in certain parts of the city
C. prohibit motorcycles from the main roads in the city
D. invest more in public transportation
42. What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph?
A. To show that we are always very busy.
B. To show