2021年广东省茂名市黄岭中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析.docx

2021年广东省茂名市黄岭中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析
一、 选择题
1. White papers have played a more important role in introducing China to the world, with more white papers ______ by the government in 2011 than any other year.
  A. published          B. to publish              C. publishing          D. being published
参考答案：
A
2. — Why was Mr. Green out of work last week?
— He_______ a medical conference the whole week.
A. will attend     B. had attended         C.  was attending 　         D. would attend
参考答案：
C
3. Folk music can usually ______ senior citizens because of their experiences.
A. express                 B. cover                  C. reach                    D. play 
参考答案：
C
4.  --- Don’t be upset. Have another go, OK?
--- ____.
A. With pleasure            B. It’s my pleasure      C. That’s all            D. Good idea
参考答案：
D
5. Is college, which is supposed to be a place for academic interests and independent thinking being ______into a factory only for producing professionals for a certain trade?
A. transported    B. transformed    C. transferred  D. transplanted
参考答案：
B
6. Take some change with you,      you need it when taking the bus.
A. even if B. in case C. if only D. so that
参考答案：
B
略
7. Some scientists are seeking to put an end to the prediction from some people     the world would come to an end on December 21, 2012.
A.that B.what C.as D.which
参考答案：
A
8. Strange as it might be, the suggestion he made       we make good use of the equipment is acceptable.
A. that                                      B. which                          C. why                             D. how
参考答案：
A
9. Helongjiang Province lies _____ north of Liaoning.
A. to      B. in the        C. /          D. on the
参考答案：
C
10. The masterpiece “Guernica”, ________ by Picasso, is permanently exhibited in Madrid.
A. paint  B. painted  C. painting     D. to paint
参考答案：
B               

试题分析：考查非谓语动词 。句意：毕加索所画的格尔尼卡在马德里永远的展览，过去分词做后置定语来修饰“Guernica”，故选B项。         
11.         is known to all is that good friends        happiness and value to life．
A．What；add to         B．It；add                   C．What；add             D．It；add to
参考答案：
C
12. 窗体顶端Doctors are still trying their best to _____ the boy for his broken leg.
A. treat         B. recover       C. operate       D. adapt窗体底端

参考答案：
A
13. We _____ of the decision until eight o’clock yesterday.
A. got informed     B. didn’t inform         C. weren’t informed     D. were informed
参考答案：
C
14. I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you ________ boxing.
   A. like    B. to like  C. liking          D. to have liked
参考答案：
C
15. ---We all had a lot of fun at the barbecue yesterday. Pity you weren’t there.
---I really should have gone with you, but I ________ on some remaining problems.
A. was working                 B. would work                    C. worked                            D. had worked  
参考答案：
A
16. Put the flowers in warm rooms to ________them ________the freezing cold.
A．stop；from　　 B．keep；from
C．protect；from  D．rescue；off
参考答案：
C
略
17. After months of a hard voyage on the rough sea, they finally came to _____they called their “promised land”.
A. where B. what C. how D. which
参考答案：
B
18. After spending every penny of his money and ______ himself out to feed pigs, he realized that he had been a fool and went home.
A. be reduced to hire B. be bound to hire
C. being bound to hiring D. being reduced to hiring
参考答案：
D
二、 短文改错
19. 短文改错（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）
    此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断；如无错误，在该行右边横线上画上一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；
    此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
　  此行少一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线写出该加的词。
    此行错一个词: 在错的词下面画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
     注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in              86. ___________
a ditch about five metre outside a bar. Allen stopped               87. ___________
curiously. All people passing over the man who was fishing     88. ___________
regarded him like a foolish man. Allen’s heart went out            89. ___________
of him. He said kindly to fish-catcher, “Hello, will               90. ___________
you please do me a favor and have a drink with me               91. ___________
in the bar?” The man gladly received his invitation.               92. ___________
After buying the man several cups soft-drinks,                      93. ___________
Allen asked, “You are fishing there, right? May I                  94. ___________
know how much fish you have caught this morning?”              95. ___________
“You are the number 8,” said the man humorously.
参考答案：
86. fished→fishing  87. metre→metres   88. 去掉over.   89. like→as   90. to后加the   91. √  92. received→accepted    93. cups后加of    94. are→were   95. much→many
20. 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分l5分)
    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，侮句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改：
    增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。
    删除：把多余的词作斜线(\)划掉。
    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
    注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
          2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第l1处起)不计分。
Nowadays million of people of all ages take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. Every year more and mare people started a stamp collection of your own. In addition, they discover an interest which can even last a lifetime . Stamps are everywhere, as result, starting a collection of stamps are easy. Holiday and birthday postcards from s but letters from friends can all provide people for stamps from all over the world. But once a person has started collecting serious, he will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors' Club which exists to add more stamps to his collection.
参考答案：

三、 阅读理解
21. The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society. Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy. Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing(抨击) corporations as “enemies of the people.”
Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them. Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends (if we buy and are satisfied with their products) or as family (if we work for them)? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee？More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society？
My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit. Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens. The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit. Their defining goal is to generate profit. There are cases when telling the truth is the best means to advance corporate profits. In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisoned Tylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal，and told the entire truth about what had happened. This honesty turned a potential public-relations disaster into a triumph. But Johnson & Johnson’s impressive corporate credo ends by saying, “Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit. The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long-term profit.
None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free-enterprise system. As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it’s not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous. The self-serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy. At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations.
43. Mitt Romney most probably believes that ___________.
A. individuals should pay more taxes than corporations
B. corporations should not be forced to pay more taxes
C. people should care more about corporations’ development
D. corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do
44. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, it can be inferred that corporations ___________.
A. should be set as moral examples of the society
B. take employees’ faithfulness as part of their goals
C. contribute little to the most essential human values
D. are actually means by which people share profits
45. The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that _____________
A. corporations always make profits at the expense of people’s health
B. customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any product
C. corporations take economic profit as their priority essentially
D. corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests
46. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Corporations, People and Truth
B. Corporations Are Different from People
C. Corporations Are Untrustworthy
D. The Occupy Wall Street Protest
参考答案：
43. B    44. C    45. C    46. A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，由“占领华尔街”运动入手，介绍了企业、个人和真理（价值观）之间的关系——企业和人不一样，它没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工具而存在，它们甚至会对人类价值观构成威胁。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy.”可知，一名扰乱分子敦促米特·罗姆尼对公司征税，而不是对人征税，罗姆尼的回答是“公司也是人”，言外之意，公司和人一样，也不应该对公司征税，由此可知，米特?罗姆尼很可能认为企业不应被迫缴纳更多税款，故B项正确。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容，特别是第三段中的“My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values.”可知，我对所有这些问题的答案都是否定的，因为企业没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，由此可知，企业对人类最基本的价值观贡献甚少，故C项正确。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“fining goal is to generate profit.”可知，企业的明确目标就是创造利润，而引用了1982年的事件就是为了证明这一点，即：公司在本质上以经济利益为优先，故C项正确。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段中的“corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values  ”可知，本文由“占领华尔街”运动入手，介绍了企业、个人和真理之间的关系——企业和人不一样，它没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工具而存在，甚至会对人类价值观构成威胁，故A项正确。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地反映出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据第三段中的“corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values  ”可知，本文由“占领华尔街”运动入手，介绍了企业、个人和真理（价值观）之间的关系——企业和人不一样，它没有对人类基本价值观的核心贡献，只是作为股东的利润工具而存在，甚至会对人类价值观构成威胁，因此文章标题一定要体现出企业、个人和真理三个方面，故A项正确。
22. Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, (认知功能) possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Yet, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
32. There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.
A. believe overweight only affects our body
B. have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind
C. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
D. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
33. The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.
A. losing weight has little effect on people’s memory
B. losing weight can improve people’s mental functions
C. overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
D. overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly
34. What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?
A. Slim people are smarter than overweight people.
B. Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.
C. Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.
D. Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Body Weight and Health
B. Losing Weight by Operation
C. Ways to Improve Mental Functions
D. Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind
参考答案：
CBDD
【文章综述】根据一项新的研究表明减肥会给人们带来很多好处，其中之一就是让人们更聪明。Gunstad和他的团队对150名肥胖人员进行了调查，其中通过手术减肥的人们智力明显比减肥前要高，由此他希望能够在通过锻炼减肥的人们身上也看到这种效果。
解析:
32.C 细节理解题。根据文中There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.可知人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间存在关系的原因是人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，答案选C。
33.B细节理解题。根据文章首段Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions,可知减肥可以改善大脑功能，故选B。
34.D推理判断题。根据文章末段Now that he’s seen the positive effect …… he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active.可以判断他在接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响，选D。
35.D主旨大意题。文章首段提出中心