2022年北京第九十中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析.docx

2022年北京第九十中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析
一、 选择题
1. The kids often wear scary clothes to knock on their neighbors’ doors and shout, “trick or       ?”
A．treat B．guide C．suspect D．defeat
参考答案：
A
2. Let's find a place      we can wait out the snowstorm．
A．where          B．which      C．what           D．when
参考答案：
A
略
3. It’s reported that a bus went out of ______ control on a highway ______ east of the city and crashed into a river.
    A. the; the    B. 不填; the    C. the; 不填     D. 不填; 不填
参考答案：
D
4. It is ______ to have achieved so much in such a short time.
A. something       B. anything         C. nothing         D. everything
参考答案：
A
5. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid          B. laying           C. to lay           D. being laid
参考答案：
A
略
6. My ipad looked just the same as Tom’s, but it cost        his.
A. as much twice as       B. twice as much as     
C. much as twice as       D. as twice much as
参考答案：
B
7. _______ is the first time I _______ a public speech, so I am a little nervous.
A. This; had given B. This; have given C. What; had given D. What; have given
参考答案：
B
选B。本题考查现在完成时的特殊句型：“This is the 序数词 time that 现在完成时”，表达“这是我第几次做某事”。本题句意为“这是我第一次做公众演讲，所以我觉得有点紧张。”因此本题选B。
8. _____ all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.
A. In spite of     B. In case of     C. In need of     D. In terms of
参考答案：
A
9. I think ______ is little possibility ______ she will be elected as monitor of our class.
A. it; that                   B. there; that                     C. it; whether                     D. there; whether
参考答案：
B
10. — I wonder whether you can do me a favor.
—______.
A. Go ahead B. My pleasure C. You are welcome D. Never mind
参考答案：
A
【命题立意】考查交际用语的用法。
句意：——我想知道你是否能帮我一下。——说吧。A.Go ahead 表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为：说吧，做吧，开始吧，进行吧；B.My pleasure别客气，我很荣幸；C.You are welcome.不客气；D.Never mind .没关系。故选A。
11. It doesn’t matter how many times you fail；_________ matters is how many times you stand up and try again．
A．which              B．that               C．who                D．what
参考答案：
D
12. —Why are you going to the court?
—________! I’ve been charged with parking my car in the wrong place.
A. It’s ridiculous B. You don’t say
C. Tell me about it D. Leave me alone
参考答案：
A
13. My naughty son broke my favorite album．I was about to _    __ when my wife calmed me down．
         A．erupt              B．explode             C．promote           D．ignore
参考答案：
A
14. －Will $ 200 ____ the cost of the damage?
   － I'm afraid not. I need at least 100 more.
   A. do    B. include                   C. cover     D. afford
参考答案：
C
15. — You need to start exercising again, I guess.
—Well, I ______to eat less all the time. But as you know, my mother is such a good cook.
A. attempted B. have been attempting C. am attempting D. have attempted
参考答案：
B
【命题立意】考查时态和语态的用法。
句意：——我猜你需要再次开始锻炼啦。——噢，我一直在尝试着少吃。但是你知道，我妈妈是一个如此好的厨师。根据语意和语境可知，句子用现在完成进行时。故选B。

16. — As a weight-lifting athlete, Thomas is indeed too large, I think.
— But ________ that, he is still one of the best athletes at present.
A. in case of        B. in spite of          C. thanks to       D. in response to
参考答案：
B
略
17. Mr. Smith used to smoke       but he has given it up .
A. seriously          B. heavily          C. badly       D. hardly
参考答案：
B
18. I will join the school singing club as long as I       find spare time.
A.will         B.might         C.may         D.can
参考答案：
D
二、 短文改错
19. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分
Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attentions please? Welcome to our school! Here was an arrangement for your visit. This morning, I’m going show you around our school. You are supposing to have lunch together with some students in the school dining hall, that you can have a freely talk with students from different classes. In the afternoon, Grade 2 students will have a lesson of British geography by Mr. John, one of the delegation members.
Tomorrow morning, Mr. Taylor, the head of the delegation, will give a lecture on the Britain education in the lecture hall. Have had lunch, we will visit a local museum as well as an old temple. That’s all. Thank you. Some questions?
参考答案：
Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attentions please? Welcome to our
attention
school! Here was an arrangement for your visit. This morning, I’m going∧show
is                                             to
you around our school. You are supposing to have lunch together with some students
supposed
in the school dining hall, that you can have a freely talk with students from different
where            free
classes. In the afternoon, Grade 2 students will have a lesson of British geography by
Mr. John, one of the delegation members.
Tomorrow morning, Mr. Taylor, the head of the delegation, will give a lecture on

the Britain education in the lecture hall. Have had lunch, we will visit a local museum
British                        Having
as well as an old temple. That’s all. Thank you. Some questions?
Any

20. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧ ）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Nowadays, people argue a lot about if or not to celebrate western festivals, as western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China, especial among young people. They said they celebrate western festivals because they are exciting than Chinese festivals. In my opinion, western festivals are basing on the cultural traditions of the western country, and I see no reason why we should celebrate their festivals. We are Chinese, and we mustn't forget our cultural roots. In fact, Chinese cultural traditions are really great, but we should take pride in it . On a word, I am prefer Chinese festivals.
参考答案：

【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了是否应该在中国庆祝西方节日这一话题。作者认为我们更应该庆祝中国传统节日。
【详解】1.考查固定结构。句意：现在，人民对是否应该庆祝西方节日有很多争议。分析句子可知此处考查疑问词+to do作宾语。Whether or not是否。故if改为whether。
2.考查副词。句意：西方节日正在中国变得越来越受欢迎，尤其是在年轻人中间，especially尤其，特别。故especial改为especially。
3.考查时态。句意：他们说他们庆祝西方节日因为西方节日更令人激动。本文主要是叙述现在的状况，这里应用一般现在时。故said改为say。
4.考查形容词比较级。句意：他们说他们庆祝西方节日因为西方节日更令人激动。根据后面的 than Chinese festivals可知此处为比较级。故在exciting前加more。
5.考查短语搭配。句意：西方的节日基于西方国家的文化传统。Be based on基于。故basing改为based。
6.考查名词复数。句意：西方的节日基于西方国家的文化传统。country为可数名词，且前面没有表达“一”概念的限定词。故country改为countries。
7.考查连词。句意：中国文化传统非常伟大，因此我们应该对它们感到自豪。根据句意可知此处应表顺接或因果关系。故but改为and/so。
8.考查代词。句意：中国文化传统非常伟大，因此我们应该对它们感到自豪。此处用them代指前面的名词复数Chinese cultural traditions。故it改为them。
9.考查短语搭配。句意：总之，我更喜欢中国节日。In a word总之。故On改为In。
10.考查句子谓语结构。句意：总之，我更喜欢中国节日。此处prefer(更喜欢)不能用于进行时或被动语态，且本文主要是叙述现在的状况，这里应用一般现在时。故去掉am。
三、 阅读理解
21. We know, painkillers in a tablet can make your headache go away, and antibiotic from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. Can medicine come in chicken eggs? A team of scientists from Scotland says “yes.” They've kept some special chickens that lay eggs with disease-treating drugs inside.
These drugs are made of molecules called proteins. Animals make thousands of proteins—they're the main ingredients(成分) in skin, hair, milk, and meat. Since animals can make proteins easily, they're good animals for making protein drugs.
Researchers have already made cows, sheep, and goats that pump out protein drugs in their milk. But chickens are cheaper to take care of, need less room, and grow faster than these other animals. “Those qualities could make chickens a better choice to become living drug factories.” says Simon Lillico of the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland.
Lillico and a team of researchers changed chickens' DNA—the code that tells cells how to make proteins—so that the birds' cells made two protein drugs. One drug can treat skin cancer, and the other treats a nerve disease called multiple sclerosis.
The scientists changed the chickens' DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites. This protects the chickens' bodies from the drugs' possible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.
These special chickens can pass on their drug-laying abilities to their chicks. So far, the Scottish researchers have kept five generations of drug-producing chickens. But the scientists need to improve these chickens. The chickens don't make enough drugs to treat people yet. Once the researchers perfect their technique, you might eventually take your medicine from chicken eggs.

57. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Animals and Protein Drugs.
B. Medicine Packaged in Various Forms.
C. A Scotland Scientist and His Chickens.
D.Chickens: a Better Choice of Living Drug Factories.
58. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?
A. It takes much shorter time for chickens to grow than cows, sheep and goats.
B. Compared to cows, sheep and goats, chickens are less expensive to be raised.
C. Chickens can produce the best quality of drugs among the drug-producing animals.
D. Chickens are smaller in size than cows, sheep and goats and therefore need less room.
59. Why did the chickens make the drugs only in the egg whites?
A. Because it will help to collect the drugs easily.
B. Because it will not change the DNA of the chickens.
C. Because it will be easy for the patients to take the drugs.
D. Because it will prevent possible harmful effects on the patients.
60. What can be inferred from the passage?
A.      Scottish researchers have kept five more drug-producing chickens.
B.      This technique still needs improving so as to satisfy the normal application.
C.      In the future people with diseases will take eggs instead of pills.
D.  The chicks need to be improved so as to carry the same ability as their parents.
参考答案：
57~60 DCAB
略
22. Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why?
John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.
The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.
But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.
But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”
38. Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?
A. Because there is more food.
B. Because there are fewer enemies.
C. Because they are faster and wiser.
D. Because they consume less energy.
39. The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.
A. the benefit of biological evolution
B. food preference of different sea mammals
C. the distinction of specific types of predators
D. the advantage of constant body temperature
40. What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.
41. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?
B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?
C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?
D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?
参考答案：
38. C    39. D    40. A    41. C
这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。第三段第二句An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.可知 “身体温暖的捕食者更喜欢那些行动缓慢、愚蠢和寒冷的猎物。”“这就是为什么鲨鱼和其他掠食性鱼类在赤道附近占统治地位，而较冷的水域则是鲸鱼和海豹的王国。故作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明恒温动物的优点，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.可知Donna Hauser认为这些变化可能使海洋哺乳动物更能适应不断变化的气候。他对于海洋哺乳动物的未来是积极乐观的。故选A。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段第三句But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.以及本文主要内容是分析温血食肉动物在两极的分布更多的原因，故选C。