2021年湖北省黄冈市浠水县白莲中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析.docx

2021年湖北省黄冈市浠水县白莲中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析
一、 选择题
38. My parents lent me the money. ________, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.   
        A. Therefore                   B. Meanwhile                 C. Otherwise                      D. Nevertheless
参考答案：
C
略
2. We’d better consider all the possibilities ________ before we work out the plan.
A. in advance        B. by chance          C. on purpose     D. on time
参考答案：
A
3.  I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.
A. before    B. since    C. till    D. after
参考答案：
 A
解析：考查连词。It is some time before 是一个句型，表示“在之前就有一段时间了”。
4. On Thursday, President Barack Obama_______ a conference for business leaders from around the world.
   A. addressed   B. declared    C. announced    D. remarked
参考答案：
5. If the wound         become woollen, do not hesitate to call me.
A. shall            B. must             C. should            D. would
参考答案：
C
6. Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally  B. carelessly   C. deliberately  D. clumsily
参考答案：
C
略
7. I really appreciate       if you can give me a reply soon, because I am so anxious about the interview result.
A. it B. that C. this D. what

参考答案：
A
8. During the examinations we are supposed to remain in our seats, fix our eyes on the papers, _____to anyone.
A. instead of speaking    B. and not to speak
C. rather than speak      D. but shouldn’t speak
参考答案：
B
9. In modern society, all men are created equal,     wealth, birth, race, etc.
A.according to B.because of C.in addition to D.regardless of
参考答案：
D
10. I rang you several times but couldn’t         .
       A．pull through         B．live through         C．look through        D．get through
参考答案：
D
11. In the film, the actor threw himself off the horse as if ______to death.
A. shot   B. shooting    C. to be shot    D. having shot
参考答案：
A
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在影片中，这位演员把自己从马背上摔了下来，仿佛被枪杀了。as if后接过去分词，表示被动与完成。故选A。
12. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school      to the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken
参考答案：
C
28.【2012届河南省郑州市高三第二次质量预测】You shall get a film ticket free _______ you use your credit card twice this month.
A. Until                 B. Since           C. If             D. Unless
参考答案：
C
略
14. He is wearing his sunglasses to _____ himself from the sun.
  A. prevent  B. stop    C. keep    D. protect

参考答案：
D
略
15. — Will you have a second child?
— Haven’t decided yet. We ________ about it the whole year.
A. have thought  B. had thought  C. thought  D. have been thinking
参考答案：
D
考查时态。句意：“你还会再生一个孩子吗?”“还没决定呢。一整年来我们一直在考虑这件事情。”分析语境可知，思考是否再生一个孩子这一动作在过去的一年时间里是持续发生的，因此此处应该用现在完成进行时。
16. They failed to          the fire in time and it spread quickly through the building.
       A. settle        B. ban           C. observe           D. contain    
参考答案：
D
17. — What has Tom been doing recently?
— I don’t know. _________ care.
A. nor do I          B. nor I do        C. neither am I     D. neither I am
参考答案：
A
18. 语音知识（共5小题 每小题1分，满分5分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音完全相同的选项。
1.
improve
A.
fond
B.
lose
C.
women
D.
motor
2.
unite
A.
policeman
B.
inform
C.
terrible
D.
tidy
3.
chemistry
A.
machine
B.
touch
C.
school
D.
kitchen
4.
reminded
A.
respected
B.
whispered
C.
filled
D.
practiced
5.
salt
A.
calm
B.
chalk
C.
half
D.
almost
参考答案：
1-5 BDCAD
二、 短文改错
19. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
For students learned instruments, summer is always a “music season”. During vacation time, we are always busy attending various of lessons, taking exams and participating in competitions. This summer I joined in a music competition but was lucky to get the second place. It was the first time that I have played on the stage. In front of the stage was my excited schoolmates. Facing such many people. I felt very upset at first, but the encourage from my teacher kept me going ahead.
Fortunate, I was given a silver medal, that increased my confidence. In short, nothing is impossible to willing heart.
参考答案：
For students learned instruments, summer is always a “music season”. During vacation time,
              learning
we are always busy attending various of lessons, taking exams and participating in competitions.
                              去掉
This summer I joined in a music competition but was lucky to get the second place. It was the first
                                   and
time that I have played on the stage. In front of the stage was my excited schoolmates. Facing such
         had                                    were                        so
many people. I felt very upset at first, but the encourage from my teacher kept me going ahead.
                                encouragement
Fortunate, I was given a silver medal, that increased my confidence. In short, nothing is
    Fortunately                  which
impossible to ∧willing heart.
a

7.(the encourage) encourage → encouragement    句意：来自老师的鼓励让我一直前进。名词作主语，故把 (the encourage) encourage → encouragement。
8.Fortunate → Fortunately    副词修饰整个句子，故把Fortunate → Fortunately。
9.(medal, that) that → which 此处是整个句子做先行词，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，故把(medal, that) that → which。
10.(to willing) to 后加a → to a willing   句意：心头有志愿，无事不可能。即心坚石穿。故在(to willing) to 后加a → to a willing。
【知识归纳】
1. 以e结尾的形容词变成副词时，有的直接加ly ;有的把e去掉再加ly.
possible---possibly； simple---simply; gentle---gently; terrible---terribly; true---truly; flexible---flexibly
immediate--- immediately; brave---bravely; wise---wisely；active---actively；fortunate →fortunately
1. so和such的区分
so （adv.）表示“如此”、“这样”的意思.用作副词,修饰形容词和副词.主要结构有：
（1）so +adj.+a/an +可数名词单数+that从句
（2）so+adj./adv.+that从句
（3）so+many/few/much/little+复数可数名词+that从句
such（adj.）表示“如此”“这样”的意思.用作形容词,修饰名词.主要结构有：
（1）such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句
（2）such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句
（3）such+adj.+复数可数名词+that从句
20. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Known that you are curious about Peking Opera, I'm more than glad to introduce it to you.
Dating back to late 18th century, Peking Opera becomes fully developed and recognized during the Qing Dynasty. As a combination of music, vocal performance or dance, Peking Opera can offer audience with a feast for the eyes and ears. Performer wear color1 ful costumes and make-ups, that are in line with the personalities of the roles that they play.
I high recommend you visit the Mei Lanfang Theater to see a Peking Opera show. Hopefully, my introduction has helped you well understand Peking Opera than before. If you have any question, don't hesitate to ask myself.
参考答案：

【分析】
本文是应用文。作者在信中简要地介绍了京剧的历史和特点并建议Jim 到梅兰芳剧院看一场京剧表演。
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：知道你对京剧很好奇，我很高兴向你介绍它。know的逻辑主语是I，I发出know的动作，因此应该使用know的现在分词作原因状语，故将Know改为Knowing。
2.考查冠词。句意：京剧的历史可以追溯到18世纪后期，在清代得到了充分发展和认可。此处表示特指意义，指的是十八世纪晚期，故在late前加the。
3.考查时态。句意：京剧的历史可以追溯到18世纪后期，在清代得到了充分发展和认可。由句子的时间状语the late 18th century可知，本句应使用一般过去时，故将becomes改为became。
4.考查并列连词。句意：作为音乐，声乐表演和舞蹈的结合，京剧可以为听众带来耳目一新的感觉盛宴。music、vocal performance及dance三者是并列的关系，故将or改为and。
5.考查固定短语。句意：作为音乐，声乐表演和舞蹈的结合，京剧可以为听众带来耳目一新的感觉盛宴。offer sb sth是固定短语，意为“提供某物给某人”，故将with 去掉。
6.考查名词的数。句意：表演者穿着色彩鲜艳的服装和彩妆，与所扮演角色的个性相符。performer是可数名词，在句子中是泛指意义，且谓语是wear，应使用复数形式，故将Performer改为Performers。
7.考查定语从句的连接词。句意：表演者穿着色彩鲜艳的服装和彩妆，与所扮演角色的个性相符。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限定性定语从句，引导词指代的是逗号前的先行词costumes 和 make-ups，因此使用which引导定语从句。故将that改为which。
8.考查副词。句意：我强烈建议你参观梅兰芳剧院看一场京剧表演。副词作状语修饰动词，high 和highly都可以作为副词. high指具体的百高，如度： He jumps high 他跳的很高。 highly 指抽象的回高，如：My teacher spoke highly of what I did. 老师对我的行为做出了高度评价。英语中类似用法还答有：deep/deeply, close/closely 等。此处表示“高度地评价”，是抽象意义，故将 high改为highly。
9.考查副词的比较级。句意：希望我的介绍可以帮助你比以前更好地了解京剧。由后面的than before可知，副词well应该使用比较级的形式，故将 well改为better。
10.考查人称代词。句意：如果你有任何疑问，请随时问我。主句是祈使句，意为“你不要犹豫来问我”，因此不能使用反身代词myself，应用宾格me。故将 myself改为me。
三、 阅读理解
21. If a woman has an extra piece of cake, don’t blame it on greed, blame it on her brain.
Scientists have found that women’s brains react to food very differently -- and much more strongly -- than men’s. Academics found that decades of dieting pressure on women and advertising have programmed certain parts of the female brain to react strongly when faced with any kind of food. Men, on the other hand, are not usually as obsessive about what they eat.
Dr. Rudolf Uher and his colleagues at the Institute of Psychiatry in King’s College London used brain scanning technology, known as functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), to look at the brains of eighteen men and women. The volunteers were given images of food to look at, as well as food to taste. Their brain reactions were observed by the scientists. They found that the female brains reacted much more strongly than those of males. The same reaction did not happen when they were shown non-food images. The team believe this means women think more about food than men tend to.
Dr. Uher said, “ This could be related to biological differences between men and women. But the more likely explanation is that women have a more complicated reaction to food because of social pressure.”
Professor Carey Cooper, psychology and health professor at Lancaster University, said, “ for centuries women have had a providing role -- preparing and cooking food for their families. And it's part of that role to make sure the food is safe. They will therefore be much more sensitive to food than men are, and I would not be surprised if that was now built into their DNA. If the female brain reacts to food because it historically has developed neural(神经的) pathways to do this, then food will be the way they express their stress. Food actually, is a comfort for women.”
But other experts have said that more research must be done before the results can be proved. American scientist Angelo del Parigi of the John B. Pierce Laboratory in New Haven, Connecticut, said “Looking at an FMRI alone cannot make sure whether the stronger reaction in women is due to innate (天生的）differences or a learned process.”
28. Dr.Uher and his colleagues carried out the research by comparing          .
   A. Volunteers’ reactions to food before and after meals
   B. FMRI’s scanning result of scientists
   C. women’s and men’s brain reactions to pictures of food
   D. volunteers’ imagination on the taste of food
29.In Dr. Uher’s opinion, women react more strongly to food than men most probably because they are_________
A. born to do so due to biological reasons               B. influenced by advertisements
C. told to do so for a long time    D. forced by powerful social influences
30. According to Professor Carey Cooper, women          .
A. are satisfied with preparing food for their families B. turn to food when they feel sad
C. accept their social role from the heart  D. are stressed because of food safety
31.What was Angelo del Parigi’s attitude towards the research results?
A. Curious B. Surprised.       C. Uninterested.        D. Doubtful.
参考答案：
28．C
29．D
30．B
31．D
28．C
细节理解题。根据第三段中“They found that the female brains reacted much more strongly than those of males. The same reaction did not happen when they were shown non-food images. The team believe this means women think more about food than men tend to.”可知，Uher博士比较了男性和女性在面对不同图片时大脑的反应是否一样来得出的结论。故选C。
29．D
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But the more likely explanation is that women have a more complicated reaction to food because of social pressure.”可知，女性对于食物的强烈反应，一方面原因来自于女性在社会中所承受的巨大压力，食物对她们来说可能是一种安慰。故选D。
30．B
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“If the female brain reacts to food because it historically has developed neural(神经的) pathways to do this, then food will be the way they express their stress. Food actually, is a comfort for women.”可知，食物可以带给女性安慰，因此女性伤心难过的时候会吃东西。故选B。
31．D
观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Looking at an FMRI alone cannot make sure whether the stronger reaction in women is due to innate (天生的）differences or a learned process.”可以看出，Angelo del Parigi对Uher博士的研究结果持怀疑的态度。故选D。
【备注】如果一个女人吃了一块额外的蛋糕，不要把它归咎于她嘴馋贪吃，应归咎于她的大脑。科学家们发现，女性的大脑和男性对食物的反应非常不同，比男性更强烈。
22. We've all had that moment when we are in the middle of sorting old clothes，or walking down the street and passing a restaurant，or someone hugs you and their pleasant smell go slightly and you're instantly transported to a past memory or you feel an emotional response to that smell．
For me，the smell of bubble bath will always make me think of long soaps in the big claw﹣footed bath and my grandma's house in the UK!If this sounds like you too，there is a reason for it．Psychologist Sabina Read explains，"Fragrance is commonly linked to our mood and behavior via learned emotional responses associated with smells and past experiences．If we smell roses while visiting a sick loved one in hospital，the smell may arouse sadness or grief （哀伤）； however if we first smell roses after giving birth，we will most likely associate that smell with feelings of joy and love．Therefore fragrance plays a powerful role in mood and emotion across our life．"
And it's this understanding which Imperial Leather has used in creating their new fragrance range．The brand undertook a survey of 2，200Australians on fragrances and smells﹣﹣﹣and some of the results might surprise you．
*A huge 97percent of people feel more confident just by wearing a fragrance．
*Women feel most attractive wearing a floral （花香的） scent．
*Floral fragrances are the most attractive scent with men voting it as their favorite scent for a partner．
*Over half the nation，51percent，have used the same fragrance for five years or more．
5．When we are sorting old clothes，their pleasant smell may　　．
A．be always full of our memory
B．drive us to change for new ones
C．have a positive effect on our emotion
D．remind us a certain past memory or feelings on it
6．By giving examples，the writer makes us learn that　　．
A．roses are always connected with joy and love
B．fragrance plays an important role in our mood and emotion
C．the big claw﹣footed bath calls up the memory of his grandma's house
D．Imperial Leather conducted a survey to create their new fragrance range
7．What would be the best title for the passage？　　
A．The Truth Behind Fragrances and Feelings
B．Smell Associated with Emotion
C．A Survey by Imperial Leather
D．My Past Memory of Smell
8．What can you do if you want to make yourself attractive？　　
A．Wear some old clothes full of memories．
B．Take a bubble bath every day．
C．Wear some kind of fragrance．
D．Avoid visiting people in hospital．
参考答案：
5﹣8 DBAC
通过本文让我们得知，平时我们熟悉的某种味道往往与我们过去的某种情绪情感相关，并且对我们的情绪和情感有很大的作