2022年湖南省长沙市望城第一中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析.docx

2022年湖南省长沙市望城第一中学高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析
一、 选择题
1. We should spend more time doing outdoor exercise in our daily life ____ sitting before the computer, surfing some web sites or playing games．
A．as                                 B．than                       C．when          D．if
参考答案：
B
2. Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found _________.
A. it         B. that          C. one                      D. the one
参考答案：
C
3. ﹣Excuse me，Mrs．Edward．______ Miss Claire come in now？
﹣Oh，yes．I have some minutes free at present．（　　）
A．Shall B．Will C．Must D．Should
参考答案：
A
本题考查情态动词shall的用法．根据句意可知，对方在征求Edward夫人的意见"Claire小姐是否可以进来"；而情态动词shall常常用在一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求意见或提出建议，所以本题答案选择A．
4. ﹣﹣﹣We'd better leave now．
﹣﹣﹣No hurry．The train ______ at 10 o'clock．（　　）
A．has left B．left C．leaves D．would leave
参考答案：
C
我们最好现在动身．不用急，火车十点才开．
本题考查时态的用法．在表示时间表上或不可轻易更改的动作时，一般现在时态可以用来表达将来发生的动作，是将来时态的一种特殊表示法．故选C．
5.        Children with bad grades can always think of brilliant ways to escape _____.
       A. punishing                                             B. being punished
       C. to be punished                                      D. having punished
参考答案：
B
略
6. Professor Qian　　　　at a news conference,"It is profits that drive many food producers to do illegal things."
A.discovered B.explored C.observed D.imagined
参考答案：
C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:"正是利益驱动着许多食品厂家去做违法的事情,"钱教授在一个新闻发布会上评论说。discover"发现";explore"探索";observe"评论";imagine"想象"。
7. At the graduation ceremony, the head master _______ the degree certificates to the students one by one.
A. showed B. presented C. awarded D. delivered
参考答案：
B
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在毕业典礼上，校长把学位证书一个一个地颁发给学生们。A. showed展示；B. presented颁赠；C. awarded判定；D. delivered递送。结合句意可知选B。
8. Due to the rising rents, the new graduate has decided to leave Beijing for his hometown,         have many other classmates.
A. so    B. as
C. which    D. nor
参考答案：
B
选B。考察as引导的非限制性定语从句。在句中，as为关系代词，在从句中作主语，代表整个主句。在形式上，从句与主句用逗号隔开。在实际做题时，许多学生错误地选择了答案A项，原因在于他们没有搞清楚此类句型的特点。由于租金上涨，新毕业的大学生决定离开北京回家乡，这正如许多其他同学做的。
【名师点睛】为了更好地理解和掌握as引导的非限制性定语从句，现举例予以说明：
    （1）The compass, as is well-known to all, was invited in ancient China. 众所周知，指南针是中国古时发明的。
    （2）He seems a farmer, as in actual fact he is. 他看上去像个农民，事实上他就是农民。
    （3）As we know, Taiwan is a part of China.正如我们所知道的，台湾是中国的一部分。（as在从句中作know的宾语，代表主句Taiwan is a part of China）
    从以上句子可以看出，as引导的非限制性定语从句具有以下特点：
    （1）其先行词可为整个主句，也可为某一个名词。
    （2）as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
    （3）其从句可以放在主句的前面或后面，也可以放在整个句子中间。也就是说从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但习惯用逗号隔开。
    （4）as仍有“正如……那样；像……一样；由……而知”等作连词时的词义。
    （5）在句法上，as常被用作一些实义动词的表语及其被动语态的主语，如see, know, say, report, imagine, show, remember, point out等动词。常见的词组有：
    as is well known to all / as we all know  众所周知
    as has been said before  如上所说
    as you expected  如你所料
    as has been already reported  据报道可知
    as she imagined  如她所想像的那样
    as it showed  正如所反映的那样
    as anybody can see  正如人们所看到的那样
    as除了能引导非限制性定语从句外，还能引导限制性定语从句。常与the same或such连用，构成：the same…as, such…as。as引导限制性定语从句时，在从句中同样可以作主语、表语或宾语。如：
    （1）Such Chinese as is spoken in Shanxi is not Putonghua. We call it the Shanxi dialect.在陕西说的汉语不是普通话，我们称为陕西方言。（as在从句中作主语）
    （2）I have the same book as you have. 我的书和你的一样。（as在从句中作have的宾语）
    （3）He is not such a clever person as she is. 他不像她那样聪明。（as在从句中作is的表语）
9. ________that the government can clear up official corruption，we are________about the future of our country.
A．Convinced；optimistic  B．Convincing；optimistic
C．Convinced；pessimistic  D．Convincing；pessimistic
参考答案：
A
　考查形容词辨析。convincing 令人信服的；convinced 相信的，信服的；convince与ongoing主语we之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词转化成的形容词做状语；optimistic乐观的；pessimistic悲观的。
10. —Why didn’t you call me then?
—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I       you otherwise.
A.would call B.had called C.have called D.would have called
参考答案：
D
11. She has been dreaming a future ____ she can spend more time growing flowers．
A．that    B．when   C．where  D．which
参考答案：
B
考点：定语从句
试题解析：她梦想着有一个将来，那时候她可以花更多的时间种花。此处先行词为future，为时间，故其后引导词用when
12. My mom held me and my brother tight, tears of happiness ______ her face, feeling proud of our final success.
A. to cover B. covered C. having covered D. covering
参考答案：
D
【命题立意】考查非谓语动词的用法。
句意：我的妈妈紧紧抱住我和弟弟，满脸幸福的眼泪，为我们最后的成功感到骄傲。此处是独立主格结构，happiness是cover的动作执行者，且动作正在进行，故应用现在分词构成独立主格结构。故选D。
13. – What’s that noise?
   -- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine________.
A. was tested          B. will be tested       C. is being tested     D. has been tested
参考答案：
C
14.        money, they may be quite rich, but not of happiness.
     A. In case of   B. As a result of      C. In terms of       D. In face of
参考答案：
C
15. After a pause for a drink, I took up my story just _______ I had left off.
A. what           B. that          C. which                    D. where
参考答案：
D
16. —Shall I call you at 10 tomorrow morning?
—Better not. I ______ a lecture to some university students. Just send me a message.
   A. would give B. will be giving    C. will have given      D. am giving
参考答案：
B
17. -I am going to study in Britain. Would you consider telling me about your experiences there?
   -_________.Let’s discuss it over dinner.
  A.That’s all for it      B.By all means        C.Go ahead            D.It just depends
参考答案：
B
18. ChenHan is more than a monitor of them. He is       an amazing figure.        they all like him.
A. without doubt/ without wonder    B.no wonder/ no doubt
C. no doubt /no wonder            D. without wonder/ no doubt
参考答案：
C
二、 短文改错
19. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改。每句最多有两处错误。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
         2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
Dear diary,
Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as mom explained, he was lucky to find other one. His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school or just everything else in the world. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is first day of school. I am awfully tiring, but I know I’ll never fall sleep. Good night and remember, you, my dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

参考答案：
短文改错：far去掉；move改成 moved; other改成another; classmate改成classmates; or改成and; bad改成worse; first前加the或my; tiring改成tired; sleep改成asleep; is改成are
20. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jack,
I am pleasing to hear from you and know that you had a greatly time working part-time in
a fast-food restaurant. Now I would like to share your working experiences with you during the past summer.
In the beginning of the summer vacation, I was hired as shopping guide in a big supermarket.
I stood for ten hours a day and smiled to everyone I have met. Sometimes I was laughed at, and most of the time, I was praised for my wonderful works by many people. Half a month passed quickly after I knew it, and I learned how to deal with different people.
Above all, I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem.
Best wishes,
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
参考答案：
Dear Jack,
I am pleasing to hear from you and know that you had a greatly time working part-time in
                  pleased                                                                                          great
a fast-food restaurant. Now I would like to share your working experiences with you during the
                                                                                                    my
past summer.
In the beginning of the summer vacation, I was hired as ∧ shopping guide in a big
At                                                                                                            a
supermarket. I stood for ten hours a day and smiled to everyone I have met. Sometimes I was
laughed at, and most of the time, I was praised for my wonderful works by many people. Half a
                       but                                                                                                          work
month passed quickly after I knew it, and I learned how to deal with different people
                                              before
Above all, I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem.
                                                                                                       solving
Best wishes,
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
试题分析：
【小题1】第一句：pleasing改成pleased. 固定结构Be pleased to do sth.开心地做某事。故将pleasing改成pleased.
【小题2】第一句：greatly改成great. 分析语境a great time ：一段精彩的时光。Greatly为副词，此处应该用形容词词性，故将greatly改成great.
【小题3】第二句：your改成my. 分析语境Now I would like to share your working experience with you during the past summer. 我将和你分享我的暑期工作经历。根据句意可知应为“我的工作经历”，故将your改成my.
【小题4】第三句：In改成At. 固定结构At the beginning of sth.：在某事的开始阶段。故将In改成At.
【小题5】第三句：as和shopping之间加a. 分析语境I was hired as shopping guide in a big supermarket我被一家超市雇为一名导购。A shopping guide：一名导购。名词前应有冠词修饰，此处不是特指，所以用a表示泛指。故在as和shopping之间加a.
【小题6】第四句：去掉have. 分析语境smiled to everyone I met 对我遇到的每一个人微笑。I met 为省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为everyone。故去掉have.
【小题7】第五句：and改成but. 根据原文 Sometimes I was laughed at和I was praised for my wonderful works by many people有时候我会被嘲笑，大多数情况下，许多人因我出色的工作表现而夸奖我。可知，前后文之间为转折关系，故将and改成but.
【小题8】第五句：works 改成work. 根据原文I was praised for my wonderful work by many people人们因我出色的工作表现赞扬我。Work表示“工作”的时候为不可数名词。故将works 改成work.
【小题9】第六句：after 改成before. 分析语境Half a month passed quickly before I knew it不知不觉半个月很快过去了。Before：在...之前。句意为“在我意识到时间流逝之前半个月过去了”。故将after 改成before.
【小题10】第七句：solve改成solving. 分析语境I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem我意识到微笑是解决任何问题的关键。可知to为介词，后面应该接名词，故用solve的动名词形式，故将solve改成solving.
三、 阅读理解
21. It is becoming increasingly important for researchers to closely monitor our ocean life. However, observing sea creatures up close is almost impossible since human presence scares them. Now, thanks to the The Soft Robotic Fish, also known as SoFi, researchers may be able to keep a close eye on the sea creatures.
Built by MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), the white remote-controlled robot resembles the real fish, complete with a tail that waves from side to side. Though not the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) created to monitor the ocean, SoFi settles many of the problems that have blocked the usefulness of previous robot fish.
Previous AUVs have had to be linked to boats because of radio frequency communications don’t work well underwater. To overcome the problem, Director of the CSAIL Daniela Rus and her team used sound waves. The technology can travel greater distances allowing divers to pilot SoFi from up to 50 feet away.
Also limiting the usefulness of traditional AUVs is the risk of collision. With the outside made of soft silicone (硅树脂) rubber and flexible plastic that keeps its inbuilt electronics dry, SoFi poses no such danger. “Collision avoidance often leads to unnecessary movement, since the robot has to settle for a collision-free path,” says Rus. “ In contrast, a soft robot is not only more likely to survive a collision but also could use it as information to form a more workable movement plan next time around.”
During test dives, SoFi moved alongside the ocean life at depths of 50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time, taking photos and making videos. The researchers say sometimes the fish would swim alongside the strange-looking robot-fish out of curiosity, while at other times they took no notice of its existence.
While SoFi presently only records video, future versions will include sensors. The researchers also hope to make it more autonomous. “We imagine someday it might help us uncovers more secrets from the amazing underwater world that we know so little about,” says Rus.
12．What can we learn about SoFi?
A．Its tail is flexible.    B．It is the first AUV.
C．It is closely controlled.    D．Its presence scares sea animals.
13．What can be learned from paragraph 3?
A．Sound waves travel faster than radio.
B．Radio does not work well underwater.
C．Previous AUVs use radio to communicate.
D．A boat travels along with SoFi on the water.
14．How does SoFi differ from traditional AUVs?
A．It is controlled above.
B．It can avoid a collision.
C．It can smartly adjust its movement plan.
D．It is set for a collision-free path.
15．Where is the passage possibly taken from?
A．A news report.    B．A science fiction.
C．A social website.    D．A short biography.
参考答案：
12．    A    13．    B    14．    C    15．    A 
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SoFi的出现，使得研究人员可能能够密切关注海洋生物了。
12．细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Built by MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), the white remote-controlled robot resembles the real fish, complete with a tail that waves from side to side.（这款白色遥控机器人由麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室制造，外形酷似真实的鱼，尾巴左右摆动。）由此可知SoFi的尾巴很灵活，故选A。
13．细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Previous AUVs have had to be linked to boats because of radio frequency communications don’t work well underwater.（以前的无人潜水器必须与船只连接，因为无线电频率通讯在水下不能很好地工作。）故选B。
14．细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第三段“ In contrast, a soft robot is not only more likely to survive a collision but also could use it as information to form a more workable movement plan next time around.”可知SoFi与传统AUVs的不同之处在于它可以灵活地调整它的运动计划，故选C。
15．推理判断题。答案定位在第一段Now, thanks to the The Soft Robotic Fish, also known as SoFi, researchers may be able to keep a close eye on the sea creatures.（现在，由于软机械鱼，也被称为SoFi，研究人员可能能够密切关注海洋生物。）由此可知这篇文章最可能出自一个新闻报告，故选A。
22. What is your favorite color1 ? Do you like yellow，orange，red? If you do，you must be an optimist，a leader，an active person who enjoys life，people and excitement．Do you prefer grey and blues? Then you are probably quiet，shy and you would rather follow than lead．If you love green，you are strong-minded and determined．You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful．At least this is what psychologists（心理学家）tell us，and they should know，because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color1 preference，and the effect that color1 s have on human beings．They tell us that we don’t choose our favorite color1 as we grow up．If you happen to love brown，you did so as soon as you opened your eyes，or at least as soon as you could see clearly．
A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one，and a red dress rings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day．On the other hand，black is depressing（压抑）．Light and bright color1 s make people not only happier but more active．It is a fact that factory workers work better，harder，and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray．
Remember，then，that if you feel low，you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few color1 ful things．Remember also that you will