论WTO金融服务贸易协议与我国外资银行市场准入监管法制完善.doc

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The legal document of Chinas entering intoWTO has made some specific commitments on market access. So now in China, thelegislation of supervision over market access of foreign-capital banks must berestricted by the WTO multilateral financial service trade principles. On the basis ofWTO financial service trade agreements and some countries banking acts andregulations of authorities, the author studies the deficiencies and countermeasures ofmarket access of foreign-capital banks in China.Besides the preface and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four chapters.Chapter Two and Chapter Four are the major parts.Chapter One focuses on two issues: the meaning and the necessity of supervisionover market access of foreign-capital banks. The latter is the major part of thischapter.In Chapter Two, the author analyzes the provisions about market access offoreign-capital banks of WTO financial service trade framework, which consists ofthree legal documents as General Agreement on Trade in Services, Financial ServiceAgreement and Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services.Chapter Three expounds specific rules on market access of foreign-capital banksof some countries banking acts, and pays more attention to the supervisory issues.Chapter Four analyzes the legal system of supervision over market access offoreign-capital banks after Chinas entering into WTO. Firstly, the author introducesthe Chinas commitments of market access of foreign-capital banks into China.Secondly, introduces the sources of law about supervision over market access offoreign-capital banks. Thirdly, analyzes the provisions in the present stage. Finally,the author points out the existing problems and gives some suggestions about Chinaslegal system of supervision over market access of foreign-capital banks.Key Words: WTO; Market Access; Foreign-capital Banks.目目录录前言 1第一章第一节外资银行市场准入监管概述 3外资银行市场准入监管的概念 3一、市场准入规则的含义 3二、市场准入规则在国际金融服务贸易中的体现 4三、外资银行市场准入监管的概念 5第二节外资银行市场准入监管的必要性分析 6一、银行国际化经营要求东道国对外资银行市场准入进行监管 6二、银行业的特殊性要求东道国对外资银行的市场准入进行监管 8三、从法理上分析东道国构建监管外资银行市场准入法律制度的必要性 9第二章金融服务贸易协议中有关外资银行市场准入的规定 15第一节 服务贸易总协定 16一、市场准入的途径 16二、承诺的方式 17三、与各国国内法规的关系 18四、评价 19第二节 有关金融服务承诺的谅解书协议 21第三节 全球金融服务协议 22一、承诺的范围 22二、允许提供服务的形式 23三、承诺的具体部门 23第三章第一节外国外资银行市场准入监管法制的评析 25外资银行市场准入形式的监管 25一、独资银行 25论 WTO 的市场准入原则与我国外资银行监管法律制度的完善二、合资银行 26三、外国银行分行 26四、代表处 27第二节外资银行市场准入条件的监管 27一、最低资本金或总资产要求 28二、双重许可与母国监管要求 29三、银行管理层要求 29四、审慎性监管措施 30第三节外资银行市场准入范围的监管 31一、业务范围 31二、地域范围 32第四章第一节我国外资银行市场准入监管法制存在的问题与对策 33我国加入 WTO 后外资银行市场准入监管现状 33一、我国加入 WTO 所作出的有关外资银行市场准入的具体承诺 33二、我国有关外资银行市场准入监管的现行法律渊源 34三、我国有关外资银行市场准入监管的现行规定 35第二节我国外资银行市场准入监管现行法制存在的问题与完善对策 37一、外资银行市场准入监管原则 37二、外资银行市场准入监管立法体系 38三、外资银行市场准入形式 40四、外资银行市场准入审批程序 43结 束 语 46参考文献 47ContentsContentsPreface 1Chapter 1Subchapter 1Section 1Section 2Section 3Subchapter 2Section 1Section 2Section 3Chapter 2Subchapter 1Section 1Section 2Section 3Section 4Subchapter 2Subchapter 3Section 1Section 2Section 3Postulate of Supervision over Market Access ofForeign-capital Banks 3Concept of Supervision over Market Access of Foreign-capital Banks 3The Meaning of Market Access 3Representation of Market Access in International FinanceService Trade 4Concept of Supervision over Market Access of Foreign-capitalBanks 5Analysis on the Necessity of Supervision over Market Accessof Foreign-capital Banks 6The Demand of The Internationalization Management of Banks 6The Demand of the Particularity of Banking Industry 8Legal Theory of the Necessity of Supervision over Market Accessof Foreign-capital Banks 9Provisions about Market Access of Foreign-capital Banks of WTO Financial Service TradeAgreements 15General Agreement on Trade in Services 16The Approach of Market Access 16The Mode of Commitments 17The Relation with National Law of Members 18Appraisal 19Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services 21Financial Service Agreement 22Scope of Commitments 22The Approach of Market Access 23Specific Departments in Commitments 23论 WTO 的市场准入原则与我国外资银行监管法律制度的完善Chapter 3Subchapter 1Section 1Section 2Section 3Section 4Subchapter 2Section 1Section 2Section 3Section 4Subchapter 3Section 1Section 2Chapter 4Subchapter 1Section 1Section 2Section 3Subchapter 2Section 1Section 2Foreign Laws about Supervision over Market Accessof Foreign-capital Banks 25Market Access Forms of Foreign-capital Banks 25Subsidiary 25Joint Venture 26Branch 26Representative Office 27Market Access Qualifications of Foreign-capital Banks 27The Requirement of the Minimum Capital and Total Asset 28The Requirement of Home Supervision 29The Qualification of the Managing Staff 29Prudential Supervision 30The Scope of Market Access of Foreign-capital Banks 31The Scope of Business 31The Locations of operations 32Problems and Improvement of National Law aboutSupervision over Market Access of Foreign-capitalBanks in China 33Status quo of National Law about Supervision over MarketAccess of Foreign-capital Banks 33The Commitments at Entering into WTO 33Sources of Law about Supervision over Market Access ofForeign-capital Banks 34The Provisions about Supervision over Market Access ofForeign-capital Banks 35Improvement of National Law about Supervision overMarket Access of Foreign-capital Banks According to theCommitments at Entering into WTO 37The Principle of Supervision over Market Access of Foreign-capital Banks 37Legislation of Supervision over Market Access of Foreign-capitalBanks 38ContentsSection 3Section 4Forms of Organization of Foreign-capital Banks 40Censoring Procedure of Market Access of Foreign-capital Banks 43Conclusion 46Bibliography 47前前言言1金融全球化和金融自由化，尤其是 90 年代末期世界贸易组织(以下简称为WTO)体制下金融服务协议的达成对各国银行业的市场开放形成了一种外部压力，促使各国放松或取消限制银行服务贸易的各种措施。这其中涉及到了外资银行的市场准入问题。然而，金融自由化实现经济增长、金融稳定的效果不是自动的，而是需要一定的条件，需要东道国具备健全的银行业监督管理体制。为此，一国银行业市场开放的同时，必须加强和完善本国的金融法制，确保银行业市场开放的有序进行。对于发展中国家而言，市场准入法制的完善是金融法制建设的重要环节。这是因为，发展中国家银行业市场大都处在从封闭到开放的转型时期，金融产业相对落后，金融法制尚不健全。而且，金融自由化对发展中国家而言主要表现为金融服务的单向流动，更多的是外国金融机构和金融服务进入本国。市场准入监管措施如果不当，将会导致外资银行过多的进入从而加剧本国金融业的竞争，威胁国内金融安全。因此，对广大发展中国家而言，在参与金融全球化的过程中，必须要妥善地平衡金融自由化和金融监管的关系，构建合理的外资银行市场准入法制。我国作为发展中国家也面临着同样的问题。加入 WTO 后，我国已开始承担开放金融市场的具体义务，为维护我国的金融安全，促进经济增长，外资银行市场准入法制正面临着调整和完善。我国 2001 年底成功加入 WTO 后即对 1994 年的外资金融机构管理条例中有关外资银行市场准入问题的法律规定进行了修改，并于 2002 年 2 月 1 日正式施行。可见，我国政府在入世后对于如何适应 WTO 规则监管外资金融机构方