2023年大学英语四级真题和详细答案.docx

2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题卷一
（完整版）

Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
　　Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
　　1. A)The International Labor Organization’s key objective.
　　B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
　　C)Rising unemployment worldwide.
　　D)Global economic recovery.
　　2. A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.
　　B)Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.
　　C)Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.
　　D)Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.
　　Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
　　3. A)Serve standardized food nationwide.
　　B)Put calorie information on the menu.
　　C)Increase protein content in the food.
　　D)Offer convenient food to customers.
　　4. A)They will be fined.
　　B)They will be closed.
　　C)They will get a warning.
　　D)They will lose customers.
　　Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
　　5. A)Inability to implement their business plans.
　　B)Inability to keep turning out novel products.
　　C)Lack of a successful business model of their own.
　　D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
　　6. A)It is the secret to business success.
　　B)It is the creation of something new.
　　C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.
　　D)It is an essential part of business culture.
　　7. A)Its hardworking employees.
　　B)Its flexible promotion strategy.
　　C)Its innovation culture.
D)Its willingness to make investments.

　　Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
　　Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　8. A)He’s got addicted to technology.
　　B)He is not very good at socializing.
　　C)He is crazy about text-messaging.
　　D)He does not talk long on the phone.
　　9. A)Talk big.
　　B)Talk at length.
　　C)Gossip a lot.
　　D)Forget herself.
　　10. A)He thought it was cool.
　　B)He needed the practice.
　　C)He wanted to stay connected with them.
　　D)He had an urgent message to send.
　　11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.
　　B)It saves both time and money.
　　C)It is childish and unprofessional.
　　D)It is cool and convenient.
　　Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.
　　B)He is unhappy with his department manager.
　　C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.
　　D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
　　13. A)His workload was much too heavy.
　　B)His immediate boss did not trust him.
　　C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate.
　　D)His salary was too low for his responsibility.
　　14. A)He never knows how to refuse.
　　B)He is always ready to help others.
　　C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.
　　D)His boss has no sense of fairness.
　　15. A)Put all his complaints in writing.
　　B)Wait and see what happens next.
　　C)Learn to say no when necessary.
D)Talk to his boss in person first.

　　Section C
　　Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
　　Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
　　B)Reasons for Americans’ decline in sleep.
　　C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.
　　D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep.
　　17. A)They are more health-conscious.
　　B)They are changing their living habits.
　　C)They get less and less sleep.
　　D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep.
　　18. A)Their weight will go down.
　　B)Their mind function will deteriorate.
　　C)Their work efficiency will decrease.
　　D)Their blood pressure will rise.
　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　19. A)How much you can afford to pay.
　　B)What course you are going to choose.
　　C)Which university you are going to apply to.
　　D)When you are going to submit your application.
　　20. A)The list of courses studied.
　　B)The full record of scores.
　　C)The references from teachers.
　　D)The personal statement.
　　21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation.
　　B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.
　　C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.
　　D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.
　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres.
　　B)It was built in the late 19th century.
　　C)It was purchased by the Royal family.
　　D)It was designed by an English engineer.
　　23. A)They consumed lots of petrol.
　　B)They took two passengers only.
　　C)They were difficult to drive.
　　D)They often broke down.
　　24. A)They were produced on the assembly line.
　　B)They were built with less costly materials.
　　C)They were modeled after British cars.
　　D)They were made for ordinary use.
　　25. A)It made news all over the world.
　　B)It was built for the Royal family.
　　C)It marked a new era in motor travel.
D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.

　　Part IIIReading Comprehension (40 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
　　Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
　　The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　A)attendance
　　B)consequently
　　C)current
　　D)depressing
　　E)dropping
　　F)essential
　　G)feasible
　　H)flow
　　I)mood
　　J)mutually
　　K)particularly
　　L)performance
　　M)review
　　N)survive
O)tend

　　Section B
　　Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
　　Finding the Right Home—and Contentment,Too
　　[A]When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
　　[B]Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定见解)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
　　[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
　　[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
　　[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?
　　[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
　　[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
　　[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
　　[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.
　　[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2023 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
　　[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”
　　[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
　　[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging f