2023年12月英语六级真题卷第一套含答案.docx
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1、2023年12月份真题(第一套)Part I WritingDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no mo
2、re than 200 words.We have lots of information technology. We just dont have much useful information.Part Reading ComprehensionSection AAs it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour g
3、rocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. Its no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults dont get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_(38)by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is a hotly_(39)topic among sleep researches. Th
4、e latest evidence suggests that while it isnt_(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)t
5、o process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_(43)causes, which is encouraging given how many adults dont get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isnt_(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pil
6、ls, while helpful for some, are not_(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_(46)one area of the brain, but theres never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldnt really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through
7、the different stages of sleep, says Dr.Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A.alternativelyB.catersC.chronicallyD.debatedE.deprivationF.idealG.improvementsH.necessarilyI.negotiatedJ.pierceK.presumptionL.readyM.recommendedN.surpassesO.targetSection BClimate change may be real,
8、but its still not easy being green.AThe road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behavior. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating.
9、We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbours trip to India. Ultimately, we cant be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.BDespite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions
10、 soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.CT
11、his inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. When we cant actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms, says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization Word Wide Fund for Nature.DPart of
12、 the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. We worry most about now because if we dont survive for the next minute, were not going to be around in ten years time, says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre f
13、or Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thams were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners wound face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain
14、discounts the risks-and benefits-associated with issues that lie some way ahead.EMatthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighti
15、ng to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future, he says. This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.F Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate changes, it coul
16、d well be too late. And it were not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.G Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health. Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments s
17、hould persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more in our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would t
18、oo lazy to challenge them.H Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change. says Professor Neil Adger, of the T
19、yndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society. In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.I The p
20、assive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by continuing us in-and measuring us against-our peer group. Social norms are primitive and elemental, says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. Birds flock together, fish school together, cattl
21、e herd together just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd.J These norms can take us beyond good intensions. Caldini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on peoples doors. Some
22、of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.K Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local averag
23、e is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on peoples bills.L Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive beha
24、vior. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地)imply that this behavior is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. Instead of normalizing the undesirable buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energ
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- 2023 12 英语六级 真题卷 第一 答案
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