2023年职称英语理工类级考试真题及答案.doc

2023年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试真题及答案
　职业培训教育网 2023-10-28 13:44　【大 中 小】【我要纠错】
　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
　　1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．
　　A．anger
　　B．doubt
　　C．love
　　D．surprise
　　2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．
　　A．written
　　B．printed
　　C．attached
　　D．sent
　　3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．
　　A．sharing
　　B．using
　　C．denying
　　D．developing
　　4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．
　　A．clear
　　B．regular
　　C．quick
　　D．great
　　5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．
　　A．polite
　　B．similar
　　C．usual
　　D．bad
　　6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．
　　A．good
　　B．special
　　C．private
　　D．general
　　7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．
　　A．changes
　　B．reduces
　　C．leaves
　　D．drops
　　8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．
　　A．limited
　　B．allowed
　　C．stopped
　　D．kept
　　9． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?
　　A．retirement
　　B．advertisement
　　C．advancement
　　D．replacement
　　10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．
　　A．direct
　　B．stop
　　C．mix
　　D．avoid
　　11．There was a profound silence after his remark．
　　A．proud
　　B．short
　　C．sudden
　　D．deep
　　12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．
　　A．long
　　B．boring
　　C．original
　　D．humorous
　　13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．
　　A．caught
　　B．killed
　　C．found
　　D．jailed
　　14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．
　　A．transfer
　　B．destroy
　　C．establish
　　D．update
　　15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．
　　A．combine
　　B．sell
　　C．close
　　D．break
　　第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
　　下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　A Great Quake Coming?
　　Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．
　　To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．
　　One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．
　　At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．
　　Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．
　　New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．
　　People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of"if the Big One will hit"．It's just a matter of when．
　　16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable．
　　A．Right
　　B．Wrong
　　C．Not mentioned
　　第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
　　下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
　　Natural Gas
　　Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).
　　The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings． Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.
　　Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available． It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．
　　The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
　　There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.
　　23．Paragraph 2_______________
　　24．Paragraph 3_______________
　　25．Paragraph 4_______________
　　26．Paragraph 5_______________
　　A．Popularity and use of natural gas
　　B．Natural gas reserves and supply
　　C．Natural gas prices
　　D．Clean fuel of choice
　　E．Disadvantages of natural gas
　　F．Natural gas consumption
　　27．Natural gas is stored deep________.
　　28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________.
　　29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________.
　　30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.
　　A．over the past 50 years
　　B．beneath the earth surface
　　C．by more than 50 percent
　　D．for more than four decades
　　E．as a raw material
　　F．for home energy needs
　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
　　Walking to Exercise the Brain
　　Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．
　　New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．
　　Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．
　　Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．
　　Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．
　　In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．
　　So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．
　　The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．
　　Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!
　　31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______．
　　A．lose weight
　　B．become happier
　　C．concentrate better
　　D．look younger
　　32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____．
　　A．higher blood pressure
　　B．faster heartbeat
　　C．more blood flow to the brain
　　D．better appearance
　　33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______．
　　A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster
　　B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
　　C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers
　　D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
　　34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______．
　　A．3 minutes
　　B．45 minutes
　　C．30 minutes
　　D．10 minutes
　　35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．
　　A．run around once a week
　　B．not read and walk at the same time
　　C．go for a walk every day
　　D．not hurt their friends while exercising
　　第二篇
　　Night of the Living Ants
　　When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead．
　　Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．"I'm dead．take me away．"
　　But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．
　　What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet，"So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，"I'm dead．"the other set says，"I'm not dead yet．"
　　Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead． If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．
　　Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says"Wait-I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says"I'm dead"is left．"It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(坟场)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，"said Choe． When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they haul away the body． This was choe's hypothesis(假设)．
　　To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientists used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemicals override(优先于) the"dead"chemical when picked up by adult ants． And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemicals fade away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest．
　　36．What is meant by"death chemical"mentioned in paragraph 3?
　　A．A chemical that contains poison．
　　B．A chemical that causes death．
　　C．A chemical that announces death．
　　D．A chemical that prevents death．
　　37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?
　　A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．
　　B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest．
　　C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest．
　　D．Living ants have the"I'm dead"chemical on their bodies．
　　38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________.
　　A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies
　　B．the"I am dead"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies
　　C．the"I am not dead yet"chemical is left when an ant dies
　　D．the"I am not dead yet"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies
　　39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis?
　　A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong．
　　B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing．
　　C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．
　　D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis．
　　40．The passage"Night of the Living Ants"tells us about________.
　　A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh
　　B．what an ant does at night
　　C．how an ant finds its way in darkness
　　D．what happens when an ant dies
　　第三篇
　　The Iceman
　　On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．
　　It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the