国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述期末考试复习资料.pdf
《国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述期末考试复习资料.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述期末考试复习资料.pdf(12页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、国际贸易英文名词解释 International Trade(国际贸易)International trade is the international exchange of goods and services between countries.This type of trade gives rise to a world economy,in which prices,or supply and demand,affect and are affected by global events.Free Trade(自由贸易)The main idea of free trade is
2、that supply and demand factors,operating on a global scale,will ensure that production happens efficiently.Therefore,nothing needs to protect or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so automatically.Protectionism(贸易保护主义)In contrast,protectionism holds that regulation of internation
3、al trade is important to ensure that markets function properly.Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market accordingly.Production Possibilities Curve/Frontier(生产可能性曲线/边界)A Production Possibilities Frontie
4、r is a graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce,given the available factors of production and the existing technology.Opportunity Cost(机会成本)Opportunity Cost means whatever must be given up to obtain some item.Supply Curve(供给曲线)A Supply Curve is a grap
5、h that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.Demand Curve(需求曲线)A Demand Curve is a graph that describes the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.Excess Supply Curve(出口供给曲线)Because Excess Supply is a situation in which quantity supp
6、lied is greater than quantity demanded,Excess Supply Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the available quantity for export of a product.Excess Supply Curve can be derived from subtracting a supply curve with a corresponding demand curve.Excess Demand C
7、urve(进口需求曲线)Because Excess Demand is a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied,Excess Demand Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the desirable quantity for import of a product.Excess Demand Curve can be derived from subtr
8、acting a demand curve with a corresponding supply curve.Consumer Surplus(消费者剩余)Consumer Surplus means a buyers willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pays.Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.Producer Surplus(生产者剩余)Producer Surplus is the amoun
9、t a seller is paid for a good minus the sellers cost.Producer surplus measures the benefit to sellers of participating in a market.Economies of Scale(规模经济)Economies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost falls as the quantity of output increases.Diseconomies of Scale(规模不经济)Dis
10、economies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost rises as the quantity of output increases.Constant Returns to Scale(规模报酬不变)Constant Returns to Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes.Indifference Curve(无差异曲线)
11、Indifference Curve is a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction.The Gravity Model(引力模型)In its basic form,the gravity model assumes that only size and distance(经济规模和距离)are important for trade in the following way:Tij=A x Yi x Yj/Dij 两国之间的贸易规模与经济规模成正比
12、,与两国之间的距离成反比。Service Outsourcing(服务外包)Service outsourcing occurs when a firm that provides services moves its operations to a foreign location.(服务外包是指一个企业将原本由自己提供的服务转移给国外供应商。)Mercantilism(重商主义)Belief that nation could become rich and powerful only by exporting more than it imported.Mercantilists mea
13、sured wealth of a nation by stock of precious metals it possessed Absolute Advantage(绝对优势)A nation has absolute advantage over another nation if it can produce a commodity more efficiently.When one nation has absolute advantage in production of a commodity,but an absolute disadvantage with respect t
14、o the other nation in a second commodity,both nations can gain by specializing in their absolute advantage good and exchanging part of the output for the commodity of its absolute disadvantage.Comparative Advantage(比较优势)Even if one nation is less efficient than(has absolute disadvantage with respect
15、 to)the other nation in production of both commodities,there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.Production Possibilities(生产可能性)The production possibility frontier(PPF)of an economy shows the maximum amount of a goods that can be produced for a fixed amount of resources.Factor Endowment(要
16、素禀赋)the overall amount of productive factors,such as capital,labor,and land,available to one nation.Factor Abundance(要素丰裕度)There are two ways to define factor abundance.One way is in terms of physical units(i.e.,in terms of the overall amount of capital and labor available to each nation).Another wa
17、y is in terms of relative factor price(i.e.,in terms of the rental price of capital and the price of labor time in each nation).Factor Intensity(要素密集度)In a world of two commodities(X and Y)and two factors(labor and capital),at any given wage-interest,we say that commodity Y is capital intensive if t
18、he capital-labor ratio(K/L)used in the production of Y is greater than K/L used in the production of X.Heckscher-OhlinTheorem(H-O 定理)An economy is predicted to export goods that are intensive in its abundant factors of production and import goods that are intensive in its scarce factors of productio
19、n.(一个国家将出口密集使用其相对丰富要素的商品,进口密集使用其相对稀缺要素的商品。)Stolper-Samuelson theorem(S-S定理):长期内,出口产品生产部门密集使用的生产要素(本国的充裕要素)的报酬提高;进口产品生产中密集使用的生产要素(本国的稀缺要素)的报酬下降。The factor price equalization theorem(要素价格均等化定理)Because relative output prices are equalized and because of the direct relationship between output prices and
20、 factor prices,factor prices are also equalized.(由于产品价格和要素价格的一一对应关系,贸易后,产品相对价格的趋同会导致土地和劳动的相对价格的趋同)Economies of scale(规模经济)Economies of scale could mean either that larger firms or a larger industry is more efficient:the cost per unit of output falls as a firm or industry increases output.Internal ec
21、onomies of scale(内部规模经济)Internal economies of scale occur when the cost per unit of output depends on the size of a firm.(随着工厂或企业规模的扩大,单位产品成本下降。)External economies of scale(外部规模经济)External economies of scale occur when cost per unit of output depends on the size of the industry.(是指行业规模经济,由于行业内企业数量的增
22、加和产业集聚所引起的产业规模的扩大,使行业中的单个企业获得单位成本下降的好处。)Monopolistic competition(垄断竞争)Monopolistic competition is a model of an imperfectly competitive industry(垄断竞争是一个不完全竞争产业模式)Inter-industry Trade(产业间贸易)Trade occurs only between industries(贸易只在产业之间发生)Intra-industry Trade(产业内贸易)Trade occurs within the industry(由于产
23、品的多样化或经济规模的扩大等原因,贸易在产业内发生)Index of intra-industrial trade,IIT(产业内贸易指数)表示产业内贸易在国际贸易中所占比重,用来衡量产业内贸易的发展程度。Dumping(倾销)Dumping is the practice of charging a lower price for exported goods than for goods sold domestically.Dumping is an example of price discrimination(价格歧视):the practice of charging differe
24、nt customers different prices.倾销的前提条件:imperfect competition exists:firms are able to influence market prices.(不完全竞争的存在:企业能够影响价格)markets are segmented so that goods are not easily bought in one market and resold in another.and Anti-Dumping。(市场是分割的,以至于商品)Anti-Dumping(反倾销)Dumping(as well as price discr
25、imination in domestic markets)is widely regarded as unfair.(倾销被认为是一种不公平的贸易行为)The Commerce Department may impose an“anti-dumping duty(反倾销税),”or tax,as a precaution against possible injury.External Economies(外部经济)External economies:a country that has a large industry will have low average costs of pro
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 国际贸易 名词解释 英文 论述 期末考试 复习资料
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,个别因单元格分列造成显示页码不一将协商解决,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【人****来】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【人****来】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。