托福阅读指代题(课堂PPT).ppt

指代题Lillian 苑11.数量不多：每篇0-2道题。2.指代词：each,this,that,those,these,it,which,both,neither,that(this)+n(抽象名词）3.难度不大，因此要确保稳拿到手4.出题形式：the word X in the passage refers to.;the word X in the passage refers to.2Forms and solutions1.personal pronounsJazz is a mixture of many different kinds of music.It is a combination of the music of West,the work sons the slaves sang,and religious music.人称指代词指代对象是名词；如果说是并列的句子或者相邻两个句子的关系，指代词和被指代对象在句子中充当的位置是一致的。主语对主语。32.demonstrative pronounsNearly every other animal has a relatively heavy coat of fur to protect it from the weather.When humans began changing their environment by wearing clotes and building homes,this became unnecessary.指示代词是指代一个句子或者短语，一般指代对象是本句的主句或者是前一句的主句。43.relative prosNylon had many advantages:it was tough and stiff;it tended to keep its shape;and moisture could not seek into it,which discouraged the growth of bacteria.关系代词是指代名词或者一个句子（限制性定从和非限制性定从）54.other prosThe kit fox resembles its distant cousin,the gray fox.Both have thick coats and bushy tails.Both，neither都是指代两者；either指代两者中的其中一个5.pro-formsThe Nile waters were found to be choked with plant matter.That awful condition was caused by a shortage of rainful in the Niles watershed.This,that+noun也是指代某种情况，一般是指代前面句子或者本句中的主句。6The word“this”in the passage refers toA.the acting out of ritesB.the divorce of ritual performers from the rest of societyc,.The separation of myths from ritesD.the celebration of supernatural forcesBut the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.When this occurs,the first step has been taken forward theatre as an autonomous activity,and therafter emtertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystically and socially efficacious conerns.往前走一句，找句子主干，并列句的话，就后半句为主。72.the word“they”in the passage is cloest in meaning toA.adaptedB.likelyC.difficultD.resistntAs snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys,trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges,even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor,thin soils there.从句中的主语跟主干句子中的一致对应。83.the“word”in the passage refers toA.pakicetusB.fishC.lifeD.oceanIt has beeen suggested that pakicetus on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean.It probably bred and gave birth on land.94.the word“it”refers toA.the advent of projectionB.the viewers relationship with the imageC.a similar machineD.celluloidWith the advent of projection,the viewers relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been10