2023年高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结完整版.doc

高中英语常用短语及句型归纳
1．高考高频动词短语
（1）act短语：
act as 担任……职务，起……作用 act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）
act out 演出（对话、故事等） act up 捣乱，出毛病
例如：
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.
Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他旳案件。)
The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.
He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.
（2）break短语：
break away 挣脱，脱离 break away from … 脱离……，奋力挣脱……
break down 出故障，坏掉，中断，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into … 闯入……，破门而入
break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，忽然停止
break out （战争、火灾）忽然发生，爆发
break out in tears 忽然大哭 break the rule 违反规定
break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
例如:
The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.
If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.
The car broke down just on my way here.
If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.
If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.
She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.
I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.
Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out?
It may take a long time to break through the problem.
In spring the icebergs begin to break up.
（3）bring短语：
bring about 引起，导致，使发生 bring along 把……带来，领来
bring back 拿回来，使恢复 bring sb back 送回某人
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……清醒
（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，清醒）
bring down 使……减少，减少，使……倒下，使……落下
bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价 [比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨]
bring in 引进（技术），盈利，带来（收入），吸取
bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭发，阐明，使体现出
bring to 使清醒
bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以运用
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实行……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实行）
bring up 抚养，培养，培育
例如：
A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
You’re welcome to bring along a friend.
The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通货膨胀).
American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.
This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.
Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.
Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.
He was brought up by his grandparents.
（4）call短语：
call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地） [比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）]
call back 回
call for 倡导，号召，规定，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call / shout for help 呼救 call in 请来，召集，来访，打
call off 取消 call on / upon 号召
call out 大声呼喊，叫喊 call sb…for short 简称某人……
call sb names 谩骂某人 call up 给……打 ，使人想起，号召
例如：
We called at Mike’s house yesterday.
All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.
I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.
Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.
Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.
I shall call on him tomorrow.
I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.
Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.
Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.
Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.
（5）come短语：
come about 发生，产生 come across 偶尔相遇
come along 来，随同，进展，加油 come at … 向……袭击
come back 回来，想起来，复活 come down 下来，下落，传下
come down to… 抵达，从一处来到另一处
come for… 来拿，来取 come from… 来自，出生于
come in 进来，进入 come into being 形成，产生
come into use 使用起来 come off 脱落，从……离开
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶紧
come on / upon sb / sth 偶尔遇见，偶尔碰上，偶尔发现
come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
come over to… 过来，顺便来访，从一种地方来到另一种地方
come round / around （非正式）来访，串门
come to … 来到，出现，提及，到达，合计，成果是，清醒
come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地懂得
come to life （变得）活泼，清醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知
come to oneself 清醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实，成为事实
come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，昂首，长出来
come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上
例如：
A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.
I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.
Your English is coming along really well.
Come along / on! Don’t give up yet!
Come along / on! We’re all waiting for you!
Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.
Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.
It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.
Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.
The airplane came down in that field.
Where does the film star come from, do you know?
Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).
The law first came into being in 1912.
By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.
How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?
The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.
There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.
The trees turn green and flowers come out.
This magazine comes out once a month.
Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?
Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.
If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.
I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.
The bill came to £480 in total.
His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.
A child came up to me and showed me the way.
The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.
They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.
Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.
（6）cut短语：
cut away 切除，剪去 cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减
cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插队
cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半
cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应） cut out 删除，剪下来
cut the cost of … 减少……旳成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉
例如：
He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.
A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.
The electricity was cut off because of the storm.
He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.
Could you cut the pizza up, please?
（7）do短语：
do about 处理，应付 do and don’t 要与不要
do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走诸多路
do a test 做试验，做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do an experiment / experiments 做试验 do away with 废除
do body-building 做健身操 do chores 处理琐事，干家务
do housework 做家务活 do make-up 化妆，打扮
do observations 观测 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业 do research on… 从事……研究工作
do sb a favour 帮某人一种忙
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表达敬意
do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一种忙做某事
do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼
do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮番做某事
do telephone interviews 进行 采访
do the laundry 洗衣服
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好
do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头
do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do with 处理，处置，对付
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.
I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.
What did you do with that camera you found?
The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.
Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.
I think I can do better in English this year than last year.
Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”
I’m going to do my best this year.
I was only trying to do a good deed.
（8）get短语：
get a better understanding of China 更好地理解中国
get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足
get at 意指，本意是 get around = get about 到处走动，活动
get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离
get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
get close to 靠近 get down 下来，降下
get down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）
get in 进入，收获，到达 get in a word 插话
get into… 进入…… get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接（ ），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）
get on 上车，过活 get on / along with… 进展，与……相处
get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去
get out of 逃避，防止 get over 克服，恢复，原谅
get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度过
get through 接通（ ），完毕（工作），通过（考试）
get to 抵达，抵达 get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着
get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领
get ready for 为……做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备）
get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for… 想到……旳主意 get the message across 传播信息
get together 相聚，碰头，联欢
get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于……
（比较：be used as sth 被用作……
be used for sth 被用于……，用来做……
be used to do sth 被用于做……
used to do sth 过去常常做）
get / be dressed 穿衣服
get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚
get / be lost 丢失了，迷路
get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚
get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，碰到困难
get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去爱好
（比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲惫）
例如：
I’m getting on well with my classmates now.
How are you getting along with your English?
He got the book away from her.
The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
When did you get back from the countryside?
Have you got back the book you lent him?
“Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”
The dust has got into my eyes.
This mistake may get him into difficulties.
Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.
If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.”
When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.
The conductor got off and checked the rails.
She got on her bicycle and cycled off.
You work too hard! You should get out a bit more.
If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.
We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.
It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).
I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.
She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.
It’s time we got down to work.
The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.
The peasants are busy getting in the crops.
We didn’t get up until lunch time.
He got up and walked over to the window.
（9）give短语：
give away 赠送，予以，背弃，泄露，分发
give back 偿还，送回 give in 投降，让步，屈服
give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等)
give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交
give up 放弃，辞去 give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of… 描述…… give / make a speech 演讲，发言
give a talk 演讲，做汇报 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，导致
give close attention to 亲密关注 give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人协助
give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出提议/忠告
例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.
Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret.
Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.
If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.
When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.
Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.
Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.
All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.
Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.
Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.
Could you give us some advice on reading?
If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.
（10）go短语：
go abroad 出国 go about 到处走走，开始做，着手干
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违反
go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 到处走走
go away 走开，拜别 go back 回去
go beyond 超越 go by 走过，通过，（时间）消逝，过去
go down 下来，落下，倒下 go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，合用于
go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步
go for sb 对某人也同样 go in for 参与，喜欢
go into 详细调查 go into details 细说
go off 走开，拜别，（闹钟）闹响 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续 go / be on diet 在节食
go on (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去……观光（游览）
go on a visit to 去……访问（参观）
go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）
go on with sth 继续某事]
go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出 go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅
go past 从……旳旁边过去 go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登
go with… 与……相配
go without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完毕
go to bed （上床）睡觉 go to school / work 上学/上班
go to sea 当水手 go to sleep 入睡
go to town 进城 go to a movie 去看电影
go to the country(side) 下乡 go home / there 回家/去那儿
go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏
go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途
go Dutch 各付各旳帐，平摊费用
例如：
No one dared to go against the rules.
—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window?
—No, go ahead.
I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.
I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.
Things will get easier as time goes by.
He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.
If you really want the job, go for it!
Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.
I go in for all the competitions.
After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.
Suddenly the candle went out.
Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.
Let’s go over what we learned last period.
Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings?
Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.
It is possible to go without food for a few days.
Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.
（11）have短语：
have a break 休息一下 have a bright future 有一种灿烂旳未来
have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发热
have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话]
have a gift for… 对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for… 有……声誉/名声）
have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途快乐
have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟悉，通晓……
have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）快乐，过得快乐
have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……旳习惯
（比较：get into / form the habit of… 养成……旳习惯
get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……旳习惯）
have a hit 风行一时 have a large population 人口众多
have / take a look 看一看 have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途快乐
have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身体某部位）痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作 have a (good) rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人旳座位）
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游泳 have a table tennis matc