2023年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析版.doc
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1、2023专八真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lect
2、ure. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically accept
3、able. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-conte
4、xt culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)_ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)_ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)_ - concept of time - belief in (5)_ interpre
5、tation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over timeII. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)_ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language - more concern for (7)_ - attitude towar
6、d time - concept of time: (8)_ - dislike of (9)_ - time seen as commodityIII. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions - relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. - (10)_ in successful communication参照答案:(1) context of message(2) whats happening / the context(3) closen
7、ess to people(4) body language(5) poly-chronic(6) message itself(7) the message(8) mono-chronic(9) lateness(10) great influence / significanceTIPS:(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and s
8、ignificance.”可知答案。(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to whats happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean to
9、wards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.”可得出答案。(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。(6) 根据原文“A low-conte
10、xt culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。(7) 根据原文“And youll also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because as I said, the message is, the message is
11、everything.”可得出答案。(8) 原文提到在low-context culture中,人们对时间旳态度可称为mono-chronic。(9) 根据原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出答案。(10) 根据文章末尾部分“If youre in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if yo
12、ure dealing with people from different cultures in any way, its going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”可知,在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中,与来自不一样文化旳人打交道时,这些想法对成功旳交际起着非常重要旳作用。script: Classifications of Cultu
13、res Good morning, everyone! Today, well look at culture or rather classifications of cultures. Usually, when we deal with different people, we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, its possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the
14、world. We got in such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language. But he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who
15、 just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called high-context to low-context. OK, what is a high-context culture? A high-context cultu
16、re is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to whats happening in and around the message than to the message itself. Now, let me give yo
17、u examples. First, in terms of personal space. Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people. And they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. If you go into that cu
18、lture, people might stand closer when theyre talking to you. They might touch more. And if theyre jostled in a crowd, they wont feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that mo
19、re attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself. And part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time. People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time. Here, poly means multiple and chronic means
20、time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events have their own time. And there cant be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you cant emphasize punctuality. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So, theres a different attitude t
21、oward time; theres no set standard of time; you cant control time; everything has its own sense of time. So its a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time. Now, lets move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the
22、 message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. That the message, the event, the action has meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture, is that people pay more attention to the event itself rather
23、than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, theres more emphasis on individuality. So the concept of privacy is very, very important. Whereas before, as I said, in a high-context culture, they might not even be concerned with privacy o
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- 2023 英语专业 八级真题 完整 答案 详细 解析
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