2023年牛津译林版英语8BUnit六Sunshineforall知识归纳与拓展.doc

8B Unit6 Sunshine for all知识归纳与拓展【重点单词】1. train vt.&vi. 接受训练；培训，训练training n. 培训，训练2. meaningful adj. 故意义meaning n. 意思mean vt. 意味着，意思是3. blind adj. 瞎blindness n. 瞎4. disabled ad j. 残疾disability n. 缺陷，障碍5. homeless ad j. 无家可归home n. 家6. confident adj. 自信confidence n. 自信7. closely adv. 亲密地close adj. 近，亲密；adv. 近地8. donate vi. 捐献donation n. 捐献9. organization n. 机构，组织organize vt. 组织organizer n. 组织者organized adj.有组织，有条理10. introduction n. 引言，简介introduce vi. 简介11. operation n. 手术operate vi. 做手术12. survivor n. 幸存者survive vi. 幸存【短语归纳】1. work as a volunteer当一名志愿者2. give up their spare time放弃她们业余时间3. bring people together把人们聚拢在一起4. be born with intellectual disabilities天生智力有缺陷5. win a gold or a silver赢得金牌或银牌6. achieve their dreams实现她们梦想7. give sb. a chance to do sth.给某人做某事机会8. offer to help积极提供协助9. make their dreams come true使她们梦想成为现实10. be different from other usual games 与其她寻常项目不一样样11. without the help of volunteers没有志愿者协助12. work closely with和紧密合作13. have trouble talking to people与人交流有困难14. donate blood献血15. keep in touch保持联络16. as soon as possible尽快17. give our seats on the bus to the elderly 在公共汽车上给老人让座18. be ill in hospital生病住院19. give a helping hand伸出援助之手20. lose ones life丧生【句型分析】1. Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. ( P80 )原句意为：然后她们为运动员提供支持，并协助使本届特奥会获得巨大成功。句中make the event a great success意为“使本届特奥会获得巨大成功”，是“make + sb./sth. + n.”构造，其中the event是make宾语，a great success为其宾语补足语。如:Hard life makes the boy a man.艰难生活使这个男孩成为一种男子汉。We made Tom our monitor.咱们让汤姆做咱们班长。make后还可以用形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。如:Thy boy often makes his mother angry.这个男孩常常惹她妈妈生气。I cant make myself understood in Chinese.我说汉语，人家听不懂。2. Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. ( P81)原句意为：来自不一样背景运动员和志愿者感觉就像一种人们庭一某些。feel like意为“觉得；感觉像是”， like是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。如: What does it feel like seeing the Great Wall?看到长城你感觉怎样? They made me feel like one of the family. 她们使我觉得自己像是家庭中一员。feel like还可体现“想要，想”，后常跟名词或动名词。如:Do you feel like a cup of tea?你想要一杯茶吗?What do you feel like doing tonight？你今晚想做什么呢?3. To Li Hai， the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver，but to take part. ( P81) 原句意为：对李海来说，最重要事情不是赢一枚金牌或银牌，而是参与。句中构造not but体现“不是而是”。not后接被否认内容.，but后接被承认事实。如: She is not a doctor but an actress. 她不是医生而是演员。 This is not a book but a dictionary. 这不是一本书而是一本字典。 not.but不体现递进，而体现转折，but先后常使用平行构造。如: She is not playing computer games but eating chocolate. 她不是在玩电脑游戏，而是在吃巧克力。4. Maybe thats why this event is so different from other usual games ！( P82 )原句意为：或许那就是特奥会如此不一样于一般项目原因。thats why意为“那就是理由/原因”，其中why引导从句叫表语从句，表语从句常跟在be动词后作表语。如: Thats why he was late for school. 那就是她上学迟到原因。 除了why可引导表语从句之外，what，when，where，how，because等疑问词都可引导表语从句。如: This is what you want to buy.这就是你想买 He was late. Thats because his bike was broken. 她迟到了，那是由于她自行车坏了。 The problem is how we can finish the task on time. 问题是咱们怎样准时完毕任务。5. What are the Special Olympics World Games for?(P83) 原句意为：特奥会是为了什么?What. for?意为“为何?”。常用于问询目或用途，一般用动词不定式或for介词短语等回答，不能用because回答。如: 一What do you want a basket for?你要篮子做什么? 一I want to buy some apples.我想买某些苹果。 一What are you here for?你为何在这儿? 一To meet with my uncle.来见我叔叔。 疑问词why也可问询原因，但它侧重问询原因，一般用because作答。如: 一Why were you late for school?你为何上学迟到? 一Because I missed the early bus. 由于我没赶上早班公交车。6. Do you have any trouble talking to people with intellectual disabilities? (P85)原句意为：你和有智力缺陷人交流有困难吗?句中have trouble ( in) doing sth.意为“做某事费力(或有困难)”，相称于have difficulty (in) doing sth.，有时还可用构造：have trouble/difficulty with sth.。trouble是不可数名词，前面可用no，much，some，a little，little等词修饰，介词in常省略。如:He has no trouble learning English.她学英语毫不费力。I have come trouble (in) working out the problem.我在解这道题时有点费力。He has some trouble with his homework.她在家庭作业方面有困难。【语法点拨】“It is+adj.(+for./of.)+to do sth.”句型1.“It is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.”句型 在此句型中，it是形式主语，没有实在意义，真正主语是背面动词不定式短语，介词for背面人作动词不定式短语逻辑主语。句中形容词阐明要做事情自身特点，如也许性、必然性或难易程度等。常用能用于此句型形容词有：important，necessary，possible， impossible，dangerous，safe，easy，hard/difficult，meaningful等。如: Its necessary for him to do so.她有必要这样做。 Its impossible for the children to finish the homework in such a short time. 孩子们不也许在这样短时间内完毕作业。2.“It is+adj.(+of sb.)+to do sth.”句型 此句型常用来体现对某人见解和观点，意为“对某人来说做某事是”。在此句型中，it是形式主语，没有实在意义，真正主语是背面动词不定式短语，该句型中形容词描述是人特性、品质等。能用于此句型常用形容词有：good，kind，clever，right，nice，rude，wise，wrong，honest，generous，careful，careless，silly等。如: Its really very kind of you to help me with the housework on Sundays. 你在星期天帮我做家务真好。 Its very nice of you to say so. 你能这样说真好。注意：(1)在“It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”句型中，of后宾语与动词不定式之间存在逻辑上主谓关系，一般都可以转换成一种以of后宾语为主语句子。如: It is foolish of them to do so. =They are foolish to do so. 她们这样做真是愚蠢。(2)该句型在体现不定式否认意义时，需要在不定式前加not，即:It is+adj+of sb.+not to do sth.。如: Its rude of you not to be polite to the old. 你对老人不礼貌真粗鲁。